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Dangerous Goods Drivers Licence Manual “Shaping a skilled workforce for our future” Nationwide Training Tel: (08) 9445 7766 www.nationwidetraining.com.au 13 Collingwood Street Osborne Park

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Page 1: Dangerous Goods Drivers Licence Manual · Drivers licence to transport dangerous goods 216. Drivers to be licensed (Act s. 15) Unlicensed driver transporting dangerous goods (1) An

Dangerous GoodsDrivers Licence

Manual

“Shaping a skilled workforce for our future”

• Nationwide Training • Tel: (08) 9445 7766 • www.nationwidetraining.com.au • 13 Collingwood Street Osborne Park •

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Dangerous Goods Drivers Licence Manual

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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

No part of this publication may be reproduced or resold in any form without the prior written consent of the publishers:

NATIONWIDE TRAINING PTY LTD 13 Collingwood Street

Osborne Park WA 6017 Phone: (08) 9445 7766

Fax: (08) 9445 7756 Email: [email protected] Web: www.nationwidetraining.com.au

Every effort has been made to ensure that this publication is free from error or omissions. It must be noted that the information it contains is a guide for learners only.

Nationwide Training, the editor or their representatives, agents or employees shall not accept responsibility for injury, loss or damage occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action, as a result of material in this publication whether or not such injury, loss or damage is in any way due to any neglect, act of omission, breach of duty or default on the part of Nationwide Training, the editor or their representatives, agents or employees.

PURPOSE

The purpose of the Dangerous Goods Drivers Licence Manual is to give information that is aligned to the transport and logistics industry to ensure learners have the appropriate knowledge and skills to perform their duties and responsibilities in a safe, efficient, accurate and professional manner when transporting dangerous goods. To have an understanding of legislation requirements that are needed to be understood in the workplace for compliance to law.

WHS DEFINITIONS

The introduction of the new Work Health and Safety Act and Regulations, 2011 have changed the definitions of:

Employer to PCBU (Person conducting a business or undertaking)

Employee to Worker

OHS or OSH to WHS (Work Health and Safety)

Use of these terms may be interchangeably in this document. Where ever possible, the terms as per the WHS legislation have been applied.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 6

DANGEROUS GOODS LEGISLATION .............................................................................................................. 7

PART 1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

GENERAL PROVISIONS, DEFINITIONS & INTERPRETATION ...................................................................... 9

DANGEROUS GOODS HISTORY ........................................................................................................... 11 SCOPE AND APPLICATION (ADG 1.1.2) ................................................................................................ 13 RECOGNITION OF DANGEROUS GOODS ............................................................................................ 14

PART 2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 14

CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................................................................. 14

CLASSES, DIVISIONS & PACKING GROUPS (ADG 2.0.1) ................................................................... 16 CLASS 1 – EXPLOSIVES ..................................................................................................................................... 16 CLASS 2 – GASES ............................................................................................................................................... 17 CLASS 3 – FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS ...................................................................................................................... 20 CLASS 5 – OXIDISING AGENTS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES ......................................................................... 25 CLASS 6 – TOXIC AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES ........................................................................................ 27 CLASS 7 – RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL ................................................................................................................ 29 CLASS 8 – CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES............................................................................................................. 30 CLASS 9 – MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS ...................................................................................... 31

PACKING GROUPS (PGs) (ADG 2.0.1.3) ............................................................................................... 32

PART 3 .............................................................................................................................................................. 33

DANGEROUS GOODS LISTS, SPECIAL PROVISIONS AND LIMITED QUANTITIES EXCEPTIONS ........ 33

PROPER SHIPPING NAME (ADG 3.1.2) ................................................................................................. 34 DANGEROUS GOODS LIST (ADG 3.2) .................................................................................................. 34 SPECIAL PROVISIONS (ADG 3.3.2) ....................................................................................................... 34 DANGEROUS GOODS IN LIMITED QUANTITIES (ADG 3.4) ................................................................ 35

PART 4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 36

PACKING, TANK, CONTAINER, VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT PROVISIONS .............................................. 36

DANGEROUS GOODS PACKAGING (ADG 4.1) ..................................................................................... 37 LIST OF PACKING INSTRUCTIONS (ADG 4.1.4) ................................................................................... 38 CONDITION OF CONTAINER AND EQUIPMENT (ADG 4.4.2.4) ........................................................... 39 VEHICLES TRANSPORTING DANGEROUS GOODS (ADG Chapter 4.4) ............................................ 40

PART 5 .............................................................................................................................................................. 42

CONSIGNMENT PROCEDURES INCLUDING LABELLING, MARKING & PLACARDING .......................... 42

LABELLING OF OVERPACK (ADG 5.1.2) ............................................................................................... 43 EMPTY PACKAGINGS (ADG 5.1.3) ........................................................................................................ 43 MARKING AND LABELLING OF PACKAGES (ADG 5.2) ........................................................................ 44 MARKING FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (ADG 5.2.1.6) ........................... 45 GLOBALLY HARMONISED SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 45 PRIMARY / SUBSIDIARY RISKS (ADG 5.2.2.1.1) ................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 5.3 – PLACARDING AND MARKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT UNITS AND PLACARDABLE UNITS ............................................................................................................................ 48 PLACARDING METHODS (ADG 5.3.1.4) ................................................................................................ 50 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SUBSTANCES (ADG 5.3.2.2) .................................................................. 50 PLACARDABLE UNITS (ADG 5.3.3) ........................................................................................................ 52 INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS .................................................................................................... 52 BULK CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS (ADG 5.3.4) .................................................................. 53 PLACARDING ROAD VEHICLES (ADG 5.3.6) ........................................................................................ 53 BULK CONTAINERS, TANKS OR PLACARDABLE UNITS (ADG 5.3.6.3) ............................................. 55 PLACARDING OF FREIGHT CONTAINERS (PACKAGED GOODS) (ADG 5.3.5) ................................. 55 PLACARDING OF FREIGHT CONTAINERS (BULK GOODS) (ADG 5.3.5.4) ........................................ 56

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PLACEMENT OF EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANELS (ADG 5.3.6.3.2) .......................................... 56 PLACARD REMOVAL (ADG 5.3.9) .......................................................................................................... 57 ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLACARDING ROAD VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS (ADG Fig 5.3.6) ............... 58

PART 6 .............................................................................................................................................................. 62

REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF PACKAGING ................................................ 62

REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF PACKAGING ........................................ 63 TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR PACKAGINGS (ADG 6.1.5) ..................................................................... 64 ROAD TANK VEHICLES (ADG 6.9.1) ...................................................................................................... 65

PART 7 .............................................................................................................................................................. 66

PROVISIONS CONCERNING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS .......................................................................... 66

PROVISIONS CONCERNING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS .................................................................. 67 SPECIAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO THE TRANSPORT OF DIVISION 6.1 (TOXIC) (ADG 7.1.7.1.2) ................................................................................................................................................... 68 TRANSPORT OF EMPTY PACKAGING AND CONTAINERS (ADG 7.2) ............................................... 68

PART 8 .............................................................................................................................................................. 69

STOWAGE AND RESTRAINT .......................................................................................................................... 69

STOWAGE AND RESTRAINT ON OR IN TRANSPORT UNITS (ADG 8.1) ............................................ 70 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STOWAGE AND RESTRAINT (ADG 8.1.2) ................................................. 70 OPEN AND NON-RIGID SIDED VEHICLES AND CONTAINERS (ADG 8.1.3) .................................................... 70 RESTRAINING FREIGHT CONTAINERS (ADG 8.2.1) ........................................................................................ 71 RESTRAINING PORTABLE TANKS (ADG 8.2.2) ................................................................................................ 71 RESTRAINING BULK CONTAINERS (ADG 8.2.3) ............................................................................................... 71

PART 9 .............................................................................................................................................................. 73

SEGREGATION ................................................................................................................................................ 73

INCOMPATIBLE GOODS (ADG 9.1) ....................................................................................................... 74 APPLICATION AND PRINCIPLES (ADG 9.2.1) ................................................................................................... 74 INCOMPATIBILITY BASED ON CLASSIFICATION (ADG 9.1.2) ......................................................................... 74 TABLE 9.1 SEGREGATION TABLE ..................................................................................................................... 75 TABLE 9.2 SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INCOMPATIBLE GOODS ....................................................................... 77

SEGREGATION METHODS (ADG 9.2.2) ................................................................................................ 78 SPECIAL SEGREGATION PROVISIONS (ADG 9.2.3) ........................................................................... 80

PART 10 ............................................................................................................................................................ 82

BULK TRANSFER OF DANGEROUS GOODS ............................................................................................... 82

CHAPTER 10.1 – TRANSFER EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................... 83 CHAPTER 10.2 – TRANSFER REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 84 CHAPTER 10.3 – ULLAGE AND MAXIMUM PERMITTED FILLING RATIO ........................................... 85

PART 11 ............................................................................................................................................................ 87

DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................................................................... 87

CHAPTER 11.1 – TRANSPORT DOCUMENTATION.............................................................................. 88 SPECIAL DOCUMENTATION PROVISIONS (ADG 11.1.3) .................................................................... 89 CHAPTER 11.2 – EMERGENCY INFORMATION ................................................................................... 90

EMERGENCY INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................. 91

PART 12 ............................................................................................................................................................ 92

SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR ............................................................................................................................. 92

ROAD VEHICLES ............................................................................................................................................. 92

CHAPTER 12.1 – SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR ROAD VEHICLES ......................................................... 93 TABLE 12.1 MINIMUM FIRE EXTINGUISHER REQUIREMENTS FOR ROAD VEHICLES TRANSPORTING A PLACARD LOAD OF DANGEROUS GOODS ........................................................ 94 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT.................................................. 95

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TABLE 12.2 MINIMUM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR PLACARD LOAD VEHICLES ................................................................................................................................................ 95 FIRE TETRAHEDRON ............................................................................................................................. 96 TYPES OF FIRES ..................................................................................................................................... 97 USE OF EXTINGUISHERS ...................................................................................................................... 99

PART 13 .......................................................................................................................................................... 101

PROCEDURES DURING ................................................................................................................................ 101

ROAD TRANSPORT ....................................................................................................................................... 101

CHAPTER 13.1 – PROCEDURES DURING TRANSPORT ................................................................... 102 BREAKDOWN & REPAIRS (ADG 13.1.2) .......................................................................................................... 102

General Precautions during Transport .................................................................................................... 102 PASSENGERS (ADG 13.1.3.1) .......................................................................................................................... 102 PARKING (ADG 13.1.3.2.1) ................................................................................................................................ 102 WHERE A VEHICLE MAY BE PARKED (ADG 13.1.3.2.2.2) .............................................................................. 102 UNLOADING (ADG 13.1.3.3) .............................................................................................................................. 103 DETACHING A TRAILER FROM A PRIME MOVER OR COMBINATION ROAD VEHICLE (ADG 13.1.3.4) ..... 103 ROUTES (ADG 13.1.4) ....................................................................................................................................... 103

EMERGENCIES ..................................................................................................................................... 104 RESPONSIBILITIES (IN AN EMERGENCY) ...................................................................................................... 106

EMERGENCY ACTION CODE GUIDE (ADG FIG B3 APPENDIX C) .................................................... 106 MULTI-LOADS EMERGENCY HAZCHEM CODE (ADG APPENDIX C) ............................................... 109 ASSIGNING HAZCHEM CODES TO MULTI-LOADS ............................................................................ 109

APPENDIX OUTLINING SPECIFIC REGULATIONS AFFECTING DRIVERS .............................................. 111

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INTRODUCTION Nationwide Training Pty Ltd would like to welcome you to this approved course for the Licence to transport dangerous goods by road. The course is aligned to the transport & logistics industry training package and upon successful completion of this course you will receive a statement of attainment for the relevant licensing unit of competency. This training manual is yours to keep and refer to, not only during the course but also during your employment. Remember, training does not stop here! It is your responsibility to continue reading and researching information in relation to dangerous goods transport to ensure compliance with your role. The regulations and principles we discuss during the course are designed primarily for safety – safety of yourself, others, property and also the environment. Although many of you have been in the industry of transporting dangerous goods by road for many years, we as a training company feel very confident that you will leave this course with a great deal more knowledge and understanding regarding this area of transportation. The dangerous goods training manual has been compiled with regard to the legal requirements under the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail. This training manual is not intended to substitute the ADG Code or Regulations but to clarify/simplify them in the workplace. Nationwide Training Pty Ltd cannot be held responsible for any omissions or deletions within this manual. Any further information can be obtained from Nationwide Training Pty Ltd or from the Australian Dangerous Goods Code and relevant Legislation. Any form of legal enquiries relating directly to the Australian Dangerous Goods Code or Legislation, should be addressed to your competent authority (see Part for Western Australia).

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DANGEROUS GOODS LEGISLATION

What does the legislation say?

The Dangerous Goods Safety (Road and Rail Transport of Non-explosives) Regulations 2007 detail the requirements for people and businesses involved in transporting dangerous goods.

What are the benefits?

The benefits of adhering to the regulatory requirements include:

improving road safety improving industry compliance creating a level playing field for industry.

Dangerous Goods Safety (Road and Rail Transport of Non-explosives) Regulations 2007 Not all responsibilities are set out for the driver in the ADG Code. Drivers need to access the Regulations to find further information that may affect them. These regulations are for the jurisdiction of Western Australia for which the licence is issued. Drivers licence to transport dangerous goods

216. Drivers to be licensed (Act s. 15) Unlicensed driver transporting dangerous goods

(1) An Employer

A person who employs, engages or permits another person to drive a vehicle transporting dangerous goods commits an offence if —

(a) the regulations require the driver to be licensed to drive the vehicle; and

(b) the driver is not licensed under the regulations.

Penalty:

(a) for an individual, $50 000 or imprisonment for 2 years or both;

(b) for a body corporate, $250 000.

(2) An Employee – Trained and Authorised to drive

A person who is a responsible person, as defined in the Road Traffic (Administration) Act 2008 section 4, for a vehicle transporting dangerous goods and who drives the vehicle commits an offence if —

(a) the regulations require the person to be licensed to drive the vehicle; and

(b) the person is not licensed under the regulations. Penalty: $50 000 or imprisonment for 2 years or both.

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(3) An Employee who is not trained

A person who drives a vehicle transporting dangerous goods, other than in the circumstances described in subsection (2), commits an offence if —

(a) the regulations require the driver to be licensed to drive the vehicle; and

(b) the person is not licensed under the regulations. Penalty: $10 000.

Licensing Exemption: (Model Subordinate Law 18.1.2)

Sub-Regulation (2)

A person who drives a road vehicle transporting dangerous goods does not need to be licensed under this Part if —

(a) the goods are transported in an IBC; and

(b) the IBC is not packed or unpacked on the vehicle; and

(c) the total capacity of IBCs containing dangerous goods on the vehicle is not more than 3000 L. In summary, this means NO ONE is allowed to transport more than 3000 L of Dangerous Goods in IBCs without a Licence.

171. Control of ignition sources

(1) This regulation applies to a road vehicle transporting a load of dangerous goods if —

(a) the load contains —

(i) dangerous goods in a receptacle with a capacity of more than 500 L; or

(ii) more than 500 kg of dangerous goods in a receptacle;

and

(b) the load contains dangerous goods of UN Division 2.1 or UN Class 3, 4 or 5 or that have a Subsidiary Risk of 2.1, 3, 4 or 5.1.

(2) The driver of the road vehicle must not —

(a) have matches or a cigarette lighter in his or her possession in the road vehicle; or

(b) smoke in the road vehicle. Penalty: A fine of $10,000.

(3) The driver must do everything practicable to ensure that anyone else in the road vehicle does not —

(a) have matches or a cigarette lighter in his or her possession; or

(b) smoke. Penalty: A fine of $10,000.

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PART 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS, DEFINITIONS & INTERPRETATION

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Western Australia’s Competent Authority for Road Transport

Western Australia Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety Mineral House 100 Plain Street East Perth WA 6004 Phone: (08) 9222 3333 Dangerous Goods Licensing Level 1, 303 Sevenoaks Street (entrance Grose Avenue) Cannington WA 6107 Phone: (08) 6251 2300 Email: [email protected] Web: www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Dangerous-Goods/Applying-for-a-dangerous-goods-8428.aspx

Please note:

Referral to all other state and territory Competent Authorities, are listed in the current edition of the Australian Dangerous Goods Code for Road and Rail. You should contact that State Authority should you be crossing borders with Dangerous Goods.

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DANGEROUS GOODS HISTORY

History

Dangerous goods were originally put into 9 Classes by the United Nations in 1953 as it was realised that dangerous substances were being transported around the world with very little control following a massive ship explosion of 2300 tonnes of Ammonium Nitrate on the SS Gandchamp in Texas.

The United Nations (UN) developed nine Classes of dangerous goods from explosives (Class 1) to miscellaneous (Class 9) and each Class has its own particular label or labels (primary hazard diamonds). Some Classes are also further divided into Divisions. Also at this time the United Nations developed the system of UN identification numbers, as it was appreciated that most companies use trade names for their own products rather than chemical/technical names.

Example: QuickPhos – Proper shipping name: aluminium phosphide pesticide Or Fumitoxin Class 6.1 toxic substance (UN No 3048) Camping solid – Proper shipping name: hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine) fuel tablets Class 4.1 flammable solid (UN No 1328) Dry ice – Proper shipping name: carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) Class 9 miscellaneous dangerous goods (UN No 1845)

The Australian Dangerous Goods Code has been prepared by the National Transport Commission (NTC) and should be read in conjunction with Model and Subordinate Law, along with States and Territories Regulations and Codes of Practice.

It is everyone’s responsibility working within the industry, to ensure you have the most current edition and familiarise yourself with the content within the Code and Regulations. The ADG Code can be obtained from the National Transport Commission website and Regulations can be obtained from the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety website.

By following the Australian Dangerous Goods Code by Road & Rail, you avoid heavy penalties associated within the Regulations. It is important to note that the ADG Code only applies to Road & Rail. Other Codes that may need to be referenced are as follows:

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The Code has been amended to align with:

UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations, also called the ‘UN orange book’. It is also aligned with the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG).

International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) rules. This compliance makes provision for the additional requirements for Road and Rail transport.

Separate Codes of Practice exist for the safe Transport of Class 1 (Australian Explosives Code) and Class 7 (Code of Practice for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Substances).

Regulations Governing the Most Common Modes of Transport

ADG

Australian Dangerous Goods Code (Road and Rail) IMDG

International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (SEA) ICAO / IATA

International Civil Aviation Organisation (AIR) International Air Transport Association (AIR)

MULTI-MODAL/INTERMODAL

Goods transported by more than one mode of transport, i.e. road, rail and sea

+ +

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SCOPE AND APPLICATION (ADG 1.1.2) The Australian Dangerous Goods Code includes the following:

Definition, classification, packaging, marking & labelling;

Consigning, loading, stowage, load restraint and segregation of dangerous goods;

Transport documentation and appropriate emergency information;

Unloading, receipt and transfer of dangerous goods; and

Transport of dangerous goods, use of vehicles, containers and equipment and the provision of safety equipment.

Exceptions to this Application (ADG 1.1.1.2)

The Code does not apply to:

Non-commercial transport of up to 25% of a placard load of certain dangerous goods;

Transport of dangerous goods of Class 1 and 7 is outside the scope of the model subordinate law being subject to other legislation – however segregation and sub-risk provisions apply if they are transported with other Classes or Divisions;

Very small consignments below marking or labelling quantity;

Dangerous goods in vehicle fuel tanks;

Dangerous goods in appliances and equipment that are an integral part of the vehicle and are required for its operation;

Portable firefighting and safety equipment as part of a vehicle’s safety equipment;

Certain small quantities of dangerous goods when used as a tool of trade. Detailed conditions apply.

Consignment by post (ADG 1.1.1.6) Dangerous goods must not be consigned by mail except as agreed by the postal authority.

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PART 2

CLASSIFICATION

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RECOGNITION OF DANGEROUS GOODS Dangerous goods can be identified by their distinctive diamond-shaped Class labels. There are nine Classes of dangerous goods. Some of them are also sub-divided into Divisions.

The Class label shows the primary hazard of the substance. Additional Class labels may need to be shown for subsidiary hazards. The wording on the labels identifies the risks involved.

LABEL CLASS / DIVISION DESCRIPTION

Class 1 Explosives

Division 2.1 Flammable gases

Division 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic gas

Division 2.3 Toxic gases

Class 3 Flammable liquids

Division 4.1 Flammable solids

Division 4.2 Spontaneously combustible

Division 4.3 Dangerous when wet

Division 5.1 Oxidising substances

Division 5.2 Organic peroxides

Division 6.1 Toxic substances

Division 6.2 Infectious substances

Class 7 Radioactive material

Class 8 Corrosive substances

Class 9

Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles

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CLASSES, DIVISIONS & PACKING GROUPS (ADG 2.0.1) CLASS 1 – EXPLOSIVES Explosives produce heat and gases which exert sudden pressures on their surroundings. As they contain both fuel and oxidant they can function independently. Six different hazards and thirteen compatibility groups are recognised with explosive substances and articles and these are used to segregate the particular explosives. The hazards are as follows: Division 1.1 - A mass explosion hazard. Example: (High explosives) dynamite Division 1.2 - A projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. Example: Rocket motors, boosters Division 1.3 - A fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or minor projection hazard

or both but not a mass explosion hazard. Example: Fireworks, flares Division 1.4 - No significant hazard exists. Example: Shot gun cartridges, bullets, party poppers, sparklers Division 1.5 - A mass explosion hazard but where the substances are very

insensitive. Example: Blasting explosives of the water, gel or slurry types Division 1.6 - No mass explosion hazard from extremely insensitive articles. Hazards:

Can be violently reactive if mishandled during transport. Must not be exposed to heat that will cause explosion or burn fiercely. Some explosive substances may have subsidiary risks associated with them, for

example, toxicity, as with some nitro compounds. Transporting Requirements The Australian Explosives Code 3rd edition covers all the aspects with regard to transport of explosives. The transport of explosives is strictly controlled and vehicles must be licensed to carry these materials.

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CLASS 2 – GASES There are three divisions as follows: Division 2.1: Flammable Gas i.e. LPG, acetylene, hydrogen Most flammable gases are heavier than air and can create an explosive atmosphere when mixed with air if an ignition source is present (i.e. static electricity).

Hazards:

Contact with some liquefied gases can cause severe cold burns.

Changing from liquid to gas, the product expands and absorbs heat from its surroundings, e.g. the expansion ratio for Butane: from liquid to gas is 1L: 239L.

Although the gas is of a non-toxic nature it can cause asphyxiation, by displacing air.

Acetylene is derived from calcium carbide Division 4.3 which is then dissolved in acetone a Class 3 dangerous goods. A very unstable flammable gas.

Division 2.2: Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gas i.e. helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide Hazards: Although being non-flammable and non-toxic, these gases may have a subsidiary risk,

i.e. oxidisers.

However when contaminated, the atmosphere in a confined space can cause asphyxiation.

Liquid oxygen will cause breathing problems in a confined space.

Can cause severe cold burns.

The gas can be transported as a gas or a liquid depending on its boiling point. Example: Nitrogen, helium Liquid nitrogen has an expansion ratio from liquid to gas 1L: 687L Liquid oxygen has an expansion ratio from liquid to gas 1L: 842L

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Division 2.3: Toxic Gases i.e. Chlorine, carbon monoxide, ammonia anhydrous Hazards:

Gases falling into this category are known to pose a hazard when inhaled, even in small quantities.

Main hazard is toxic or corrosive to humans as to pose a hazard to health.

Gases meeting the above criteria owing to their corrosivity are to be classified as toxic with a subsidiary corrosive risk. For example UN 1017 CHLORINE has two subsidiary risks, one being Corrosive Class 8.

Chlorine has an expansion ratio from liquid to gas 1L: 456L. Anhydrous ammonia has an expansion ratio from liquid to gas 1L: 900L approx.

GASES can be divided into four groups: Permanent Gases Cannot be liquefied by pressure at ambient temperature.

Example: Oxygen, nitrogen

Liquefied Gases Can be liquefied by pressure at ambient temperature. Example: Butane, chlorine

Dissolved Gases Dissolved under pressure in a solvent. Example: Acetylene

Deeply Refrigerated (Cryogenic)

Have to be cooled to become liquid at atmospheric pressure – will stay liquid if kept at extremely low temperature. Example: Liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, anhydrous ammonia

Gas Cylinders

Although gas cylinders are strongly made to withstand the pressure inside, they must not be dragged; they must be moved on a trolley or rolled on their bottom end over a short distance. Dragging the cylinders may cause sparks or damage or weaken the structure of the cylinder.

Leaking Gases When liquefied gases escape through a valve or split in the cylinder wall the sudden expansion of the gas may cause icing of the valve and the cylinder and it may cause the valve to freeze in the open position. Care must be taken to ensure the iced valve or cylinder is not handled without hands being protected, as skin will stick to it.

Heating of Gas Cylinders Gas cylinders should be kept in a well-ventilated area to avoid the build-up of vapours in any confined space. Overheating of cylinders could cause the gas to expand and

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subsequently explode. If overheating occurs (due to fire etc.) they should be cooled by spraying with water from a safe distance. Precautions and Considerations

Keep cylinders well ventilated and cool. Flammable gases must be separated from oxidising gases, liquefied gas-cylinders must be kept upright and all gas cylinders must be secure to protect valves from damage. If transporting Division 2.1 Flammable Gas or 2.3 Chlorine in cylinders in a freight container, sufficient ventilation MUST be provided to ensure no build-up of flammable or toxic gases occur during transport. Gases can be reduced in volume for transportation by: Compressing the gas i.e. welding oxygen

Liquefying the gas by pressure i.e. LPG

Liquefying the gas by pressure and refrigeration i.e. liquid nitrogen

A gas is a substance which: (a) at 50 °C has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kPa; or (b) is completely gaseous at 20°C at a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa.

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CLASS 3 – FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS i.e. petrol, paint, methylated spirits The main risk of flammable liquids is the ignition of the mixture of air and vapour given off. It is the vapour above the liquid that burns, not the liquid itself. Vapours will fall to the ground and seek a source of ignition. Flammable Limits A vapour will only burn in air if the composition lies between

certain limits. If too much or too little fuel vapour is present, burning will not take place; the mixture is said to be either too lean or too rich.

The Lower Limit Is defined as the lowest limit of vapour that will support a self-propagating flame i.e. petrol 1.4% to air 98.6%.

The Upper Limit Is defined as the highest limit of vapour that will just support a self-propagating flame i.e. petrol 7.6% to air 92.4%.

Flashpoint Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can vapourise to form a flammable mixture in air. A volatile flammable liquid will easily turn into a vapour. This describes the tendency of a liquid to pass into a vapour state at certain temperatures, its flashpoint i.e. petrol -43 degrees celsius.

Immiscible Will not mix with water i.e. petrol/kerosene.

Miscible Will mix with water i.e. methylates + water = burning (you may not see the flame).

Flammable Vapours Vapours are normally colourless and always heavier than air. They will collect at the lowest point. Prevent substances entering drains and watercourses, if safe to do so. On reaching its individual auto ignition temperature flammable liquids will self-ignite without an ignition source.

Every person engaged in loading/unloading shall take all precautions to prevent fire/explosion.

NO SMOKING AVOID ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION

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Transfer Must be carried out in a well ventilated area, to enable vapours to disperse into the air. The flowing of flammable liquids through pipes/hoses may generate static electricity; hoses must be checked regularly for electrical continuity. The word “flammable” has the same meaning as “inflammable”.

When Transferring Flammable Liquids Vehicles must be earthed. Electrical equipment, torches, telephones and calculators must be of a design suited to flammable atmospheres. Low Level Ventilation Vapour, being heavier than air, will spread at ground level and can be dispersed into open air from a confined space using a low level ventilation system. Hazardous Effects Containers that have not been cleaned or purged will still contain liquid residue and flammable vapours may still have a risk of ignition: Causing fire/explosion; and May cause dizziness, suffocation or can be narcotic.

In case of a spill Stop loading/unloading immediately – switch off isolation switch/ignition – prevent liquid going into drains – contain the spill – follow local emergency procedures – keep other people away – if clothing has liquid on, shower off before removing – wash off skin immediately with soapy water. Combustible liquids with a flashpoint above 60c are considered not to be hazardous during transport. Example: Diesel. C1 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS ARE NOT CLASSIFIED AS DANGEROUS GOODS FOR TRANSPORT PURPOSES. NO PLACARDING IS REQUIRED BY THIS CODE ON A PORTABLE TANK OR TANK VEHICLE TRANSPORTING ONLY C1 LIQUID. HOWEVER, INDUSTRY PRACTICE IS OFTEN TO DISPLAY “COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID” IN THE AREA NORMALLY USED FOR PLACARDING A TANKER.

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UN 1202 gas oil, diesel fuel, heating oil, light has a special provision AU02 that is specific to Australia only: AU02 Special Provision:

Advises if the flashpoint is above 60C and the substance is not offered at a temperature above its flashpoint, it is not subject to this Code. When C1 Combustible Liquid (Diesel) is on one or more compartments of a tank vehicle or portable tank transporting other refined petroleum products such as UN 1270 Petroleum Fuel, it must be considered as it is part of a mixed load. Use of UN 1270 Petroleum Fuel [AUST]. The use of UN Number 1270 Petroleum Fuel has been discontinued internationally. The continued use in Australia is specifically because of the continued use of tankers carrying mixed loads of petroleum fuels. As a stand-alone product Diesel in Australia, it is not regarded as a Dangerous Good. C1 Combustible liquid MUST be however also be taken into consideration with other classes of Dangerous Goods when transported except in the Fuel tank of any vehicle as this is exempt. C1 Combustible Liquids: Are not classified as dangerous goods for transport purposes. No placarding is required by this Code on a portable tank or tank vehicle transporting only C1 liquid. However, industry practice is often to display “Combustible Liquid” in the area normally used for placarding a tanker.

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CLASS 4 – OTHER FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES

Division 4.1: Flammable Solids i.e. hexamine, sulfur, camphor Solids which, under conditions encountered in transport, are readily combustible or may cause or contribute to fire through FRICTION. Readily combustible solids may be: powdered, granular or pasty in nature. They can burn easily and ignite by brief contact with an ignition source, i.e. Matches, Sulphur. Division 4.2: Spontaneously Combustible i.e. phosphorus, xanthates, sodium, hydrosulfide Self-heating of substances leading to spontaneous combustion is caused by reaction of the substance with oxygen (in the air). Spontaneous combustion occurs when the rate of heat exceeds the rate of heat loss and the AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE is reached. Auto Ignition – Is the temperature at which the substance will catch fire without a source of ignition. Two types of substances can be identified with spontaneous combustion products. Substances, including mixtures and solutions (liquid or solid), which even in small

quantities ignite within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air. These substances are called PYROPHORIC SUBSTANCES which are substances, including mixtures and solutions (liquid or solid), which even in small quantities ignite within five minutes of coming in contact with air. These are the Division 4.2 substances are the most liable to spontaneous combustion.

Other substances that in contact with air, without energy supply are liable to self-heating.

These substances will ignite only in larger quantities and after long periods of time (days or weeks). These are called SELF-HEATING SUBSTANCES.

The rate of decomposition increases with temperature and varies with the substance. Secondary Hazards: Decomposition, particularly if no ignition occurs may result in TOXIC GASES OR

FUMES being released. Some self-reactive substances may decompose explosively, particularly if confined. This

characteristic may be modified by diluting the product then using appropriate packaging. Some self-reactive substances burn vigorously.

KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION

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Division 4.3: Dangerous When Wet i.e. calcium carbide, zinc ash & dust, sodium metal Certain substances in contact with water may emit flammable gases that can form explosive mixtures with air. Hazards:

The product must be protected from the weather at all times.

The product should not be allowed to have any contact with water (liquids).

Packages should be carried in closed vehicles – freight container or boxed type. Curtain sided vehicles may be used only if the mechanism fully prevents water entering the load area.

Certain substances in contact with water may emit flammable gases that can form explosive mixtures with air.

These mixtures can be easily ignited by ordinary sources of ignition. For example, packages of UN 1397 Aluminium Phosphide (Trademark Fumitoxin) could not be transported with water based agricultural chemicals on the external part of the utility (truck flatbed), in case of a reaction in the event of an accident.

Temperature Control: Some substances in Class 4 may have to be transported under temperature control. Precautions – There should be no source of ignition within 8 meters when transferring

bulk products in Class 4. Containers should be kept dry at all times as it may emit toxic or

flammable gases when in contact with water. Tanks must be dry before the product is transferred.

Examples: UN 1436 Zinc Powder or Dust UN 1402 Calcium Carbide which when mixed with water produces Acetylene Gas.

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CLASS 5 – OXIDISING AGENTS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES Division 5.1: Oxidising Agents i.e. ammonium nitrate emulsion, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium nitrate prill Hazards:

If Oxidising agents come into contact with combustible materials they can both start and support fires without the need for Oxygen. The main hazard is they produce and yield their own Oxygen.

If heat is not conducted away from some of these substances, self-heating can lead to spontaneous combustion.

If Oxidising agents make contact with organic material, heating and eventually fire may result. Oxidising agents should be segregated from all combustible materials.

Division 5.2: Organic Peroxides i.e. MEKP, diacetone, alcohol peroxides Organic peroxides contain both fuel (carbon) and oxygen. These are liable to decompose at low, normal or high temperatures. Decomposition may be started by heat, friction, impact or contact with impurities. The primary risk is the production of flammable gases or vapours, but toxic gases or vapours may be produced as they burn. Class 5.2 materials may also have subsidiary risks. Organic peroxides are liable to exothermic decomposition at normal or elevated temperatures. The decomposition can be initiated by heat, contact with impurities (e.g. acids, heavy-metal compounds, amines), friction or impact.

Many organic peroxides burn vigorously and some may decompose explosively, particularly if confined. Organic peroxides should be transported in temperature-controlled vehicles, when they have a self-accelerating decomposition temperature at ambient levels, this ensures the control temperature is maintained. Temperature Control: Some substances in 5.2 must be carried under temperature control i.e. diisobutyryl peroxide has a control temperature of -20 degrees centigrade. The control temperature is the maximum temperature at which a self-reactive substance can be safely carried during a prolonged period of time. If the control temperature is exceeded during transport the alert procedure should be initiated.

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Alert Procedure: Applies to: Any necessary repairs to the refrigeration equipment or an increase in the cooling capacity e.g. by adding liquid or solid refrigerants. Preparation of a Disposal Procedure – Temperature checks at regular intervals

S – Self

A – Accelerating

D – Decomposition

T – Temperature This is the emergency temperature. If the emergency temperature is reached, emergency procedures should be put into operation i.e. DISPOSAL.

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CLASS 6 – TOXIC AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES Division 6.1: Toxic Substances i.e. cyanides, toluene diisocyanate These are liable to cause death or serious injury, or harm to human health if swallowed, inhaled or through skin contact. In the absence of human experience the grouping is based on data obtained from animal experiments. Three possible routes of administration should be examined. These are:

Dermal toxicity-skin contact LD50 for acute dermal toxicity is that dose of the substance which, administered by continuous contact for 24 hours with the bare skin of albino rabbits, is most likely to cause death within 14 days in one half of the animals tested.

Exposure through oral toxicity LD50 (median lethal dose) for acute oral toxicity is the statistically derived single dose of a substance that can be expected to cause death within 14 days in 50 percent of young adult albino rats when administered by the oral route.

Inhalation of dusts, mists or vapour toxicity LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation is that concentration of vapour, mist or dust which, administered by continuous inhalation to both male and female young adult albino rats for one hour, is most likely to cause death within 14 days in one half of the animals tested.

In case of spillage Substances under 6.1:

Wear protective clothing

Avoid handling package/s or keep handling down to a minimum

Inspect nearby packages and isolate those that have been contaminated

Inform the emergency services where people or the environment may have been contaminated

Inform the prime contractor Prompt action is essential if the substance has spilled prevent entry into drains. Try to contain the spill. Division 6.1 Toxic Lead Carbonate or UN 2291 LEAD COMPOUND, SOLUBLE, N.O.S. If transported in IBCs inside a freight container, the freight container MUST be decontaminated prior to using again and removing placards.

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Division 6.2: Infectious Substances These are those substances containing micro-organisms including: bacterium, virus, parasites, fungus, blood products, regulated medical or hospital waste etc. that are known or reasonably believed to cause disease in animals or humans. Category A An infectious substance which is transported in a form that, when exposure to it occurs, is capable of causing permanent disability, life-threatening or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or animals. Category A carries the greatest risk. One example of Category A UN 2814 Infectious Substances affecting humans is Ebola virus. Category B is generally in a form that is not capable of causing a permanent disability. Containment: The correct type of packaging must be used in order to prevent seeping, leaking etc.

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CLASS 7 – RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Class 7 radioactive material is controlled by the Code of Practice for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Substances. Radioactive are materials or a combination of material that spontaneously emit radiation. Radiation is invisible. There are three Divisions:

Radioactive I

Radioactive II

Radioactive III

The higher the rating, the greater the risk. There is a process of decay which releases energy from the material in the form of the following, known as:

Alpha Particles

Beta Particles

Gamma Rays On passing through any material they ionize some of the atoms with which they pass or collide with. Lonisation frees an electron from an atom, leaving the atom positively charged. Lonisation is potentially damaging to humans. Over exposure can cause cancer or other serious (short-term and long-term) health effects. The transport of radioactive materials is controlled by State regulations, which refer closely to the Code of Practice for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Substances in addition to having a dangerous goods classification. Companies transporting radioactive material are required to hold a licence under the Act although temporary permits may be issued.

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CLASS 8 – CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES i.e. sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid These are substances which, by chemical action, will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue. In the case of a leak, corrosive substances will materially damage or even destroy other goods or the vehicle itself. A corrosive material is any substance (liquid or solid) which on contact with other materials eats into the surface of that material. Corrosives attack different materials, therefore it is important to know what materials are being attacked by the chemical carried i.e. sodium hydroxide attacks aluminum – zinc – tin and should not be carried in tanks/containers made of any of these materials. Hydrofluoric acid attacks glass. Acids and Alkalis – Acids can be used for neutralising alkalis but they can react

violently when they are mixed. Nature of Hazard – Substances, including mixtures, can be judged by the length of

time contact is necessary to produce viable necrosis (death) in human skin. When corrosives come into contact with the skin the effect may be – delayed or immediate. As solutions come in different strengths, the hazard will vary accordingly. Some substances if carried in a weak solution may be relatively harmless. A more concentrated solution will increase the hazard greatly.

Other Harmful Effects – Corrosive substances may give off hydrogen gas if in

contact with some metals.

Some corrosives may also be Oxidising agents – so will make fires burn extremely fiercely.

They are further likely to give off toxic fumes, noxious (toxic or harmful) or offensive vapours are given off by many corrosives such as: hydrochloric – nitric and sulphuric acids.

Preventative Measures – It is important to contain corrosives in order to prevent

damage, injury or contamination. Once contained the product may be diluted or neutralised to reduce the strength.

Because time is of the essence, it is important to always know during loading/unloading where the emergency showers are. Skin contact should be avoided. Eye contact should be avoided.

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CLASS 9 – MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS i.e. bitumen, dry-ice, expandable polystyrene beads This Class covers those substances and articles, which during transport present a danger not covered by other Classes. Miscellaneous dangerous substances are not identifiable from a limited range of characteristics such as: flashpoint, toxicity, and corrosive etc. Miscellaneous dangerous substances classified either in the form of vapour from liquid substances or dusts and mists, may affect the long term health and welfare of people exposed to them. The effect can vary from person to person and some people may be affected more seriously due to an existing condition or by exposure to that or different substances. Hazards: Class 9 substances may include environmentally hazardous liquids/solids.

Examples:

PCBs and CFCs

Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice)

Kits containing several dangerous goods in small quantities (i.e. airbag kits, seat belt pre-tensioners)

Lifesaving appliances including self-inflating dinghies

Lithium batteries

Asbestos – Blue, brown and white asbestos is very toxic and can be very harmful to human health if dust is inhaled.

Mixed Class Placard – A vehicle transporting more than one Class of dangerous goods i.e. mixed loads, which falls within the scope of placard quantities is required to have displayed on the front and rear of the vehicle a mixed Class diamond. Note: This is not a class of Dangerous Goods.

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PACKING GROUPS (PGs) (ADG 2.0.1.3) Dangerous goods other than Classes 1, 2 and 7, Divisions 5.2 and 6.2 and some self-reactive substances of Division 4.1, for packaging purposes, have been placed into three categories depending on the degree of danger they present. This can also determine the standard of packaging.

Some UN numbers within the ADG Code often display more than one Packing Group. The Consignor and Driver need to have access to the Safety Data Sheet and refer to Section 14 of the SDS under transport information to identify which Packing Group the product being transported is to be identified on the Dangerous Goods Transport Document (Part 11 ADG Code).

Packing group I High danger

Packing group II Medium danger

Packing group III Low danger

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PART 3

DANGEROUS GOODS LISTS, SPECIAL PROVISIONS AND

LIMITED QUANTITIES EXCEPTIONS

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PROPER SHIPPING NAME (ADG 3.1.2) The proper shipping name is the name given to dangerous goods that must be identified on documents as required by the Australian Dangerous Goods Code. By definition, the proper shipping name does not imply the technical name of dangerous goods.

DANGEROUS GOODS LIST (ADG 3.2) The Dangerous Goods List in chapter 3.2.3 of the Australian Dangerous Goods Code is divided into 11 columns to describe the dangerous goods:

COLUMN DESCRIPTION

1 UN No. 2 Name and Description (Proper Shipping Name) 3 Class or Division 4 Subsidiary Risk 5 Packing Group 6 Special Provisions 7 Limited Quantities 8 Packing Instruction 9 Special Packing Provisions 10 Portable Tank & Bulk Containers Instructions 11 Portable Tank & Bulk Containers Special Provisions

This list was derived from the Dangerous Goods List of UN 15 and is arranged in UN number order.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS (ADG 3.3.2)

UN Special Provisions

Special provisions (SP) for dangerous goods are mentioned in column 6 of the Dangerous Goods List. Where special provisions are indicated, it generally means that a special provision is relevant to a substance or article. Special provisions (SP) can be found in numerical order in volume 1 of the ADG Code. Australian Special Provisions (ADG 3.3.3)

The Special Provisions in this Section 3.3.3 are peculiar to this Code and are therefore not applicable to international transport, or to air or sea transport within Australia.

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For example: UN 3077 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. AU01 Environmentally Hazardous Substances meeting the descriptions of UN 3077 or UN 3082 are not subject to this Code when transported by road or rail in;

(a) Packagings that do not incorporate a receptacle exceeding 500 kg(L); or (b) IBCs. DANGEROUS GOODS IN LIMITED QUANTITIES (ADG 3.4) Dangerous goods in smaller quantities are provided with concessions with regard to packing, labelling, marking and segregation. Must be packed in inner packaging. The quantity limit for inner packaging is specified in

column 7 of the Dangerous Goods List and has a quantity more than 0. The inner package must be placed in a suitable outer package. Total gross mass of the

package should not exceed 30 kg. Shrink-wrap or stretch-wrapped trays are accepted as outer packages provided that

the gross mass does not exceed 20 kg. Liquids of Class 8, PG II in glass, porcelain, or stoneware inner packaging must also be

packed in compatible and rigid intermediate packaging. Dangerous goods may be placed in the same outer package provided they do not react

dangerously with each other in the event of a leak. Labelling is not required for these packages provided the Inner packages are labelled

and marked as required by chapter 5. They are also exempted from segregation requirements.

Sea transport Air transport

The mark must be readily visible, legible and able to withstand open weather exposure without a substantial reduction in effectiveness.

The minimum dimensions must be 100 mm x 100 mm and the minimum width of line forming the diamond must be 2 mm.

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PART 4

PACKING, TANK, CONTAINER, VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT

PROVISIONS

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DANGEROUS GOODS PACKAGING (ADG 4.1)

Each different substance listed in the ADG Code is required to be packaged in such a way that it can be transported safely and securely.

Must be strong enough to be able to withstand normal transport handling.

It will also be able to withstand the stresses of certain types of handling i.e. normal loading and safe stacking.

Must prevent loss of contents caused under normal transport of the goods.

Packaging must be closed as per manufacturer’s requirements without any residue on the outside.

It must be compatible with the substance it contains.

It must conform to the design type that is tested in accordance with the requirements of the Code.

Filling packages with liquids must be left with sufficient ullage space to allow for expansion and prevent leakage or distortion of the package.

Inner packages must be placed in suitable outer packaging and if they are liable to breakage (glass, porcelain, plastics, etc.). They should be secured with sufficient cushioning material.

Dangerous goods that are not compatible should not be placed in the same outer package with which they might react.

Packages, which contain gas, may be fitted with a venting device that will release the pressure build-up, provided that the toxicity, flammability and amount being released is taken into account.

Empty packaging that contained dangerous goods must be treated the same way as filled packages unless appropriate measures have been taken to nullify any hazard. (ADG 4.1.1.11)

Pressure receptacles must be tested and inspected every five (5) years.

Packagings, including IBCs, used for powdery or granular substances must be sift proof or must be provided with a liner. (ADG 4.1.1.14)

For plastics drums and jerricans, rigid plastics IBCs and composite IBCs with plastics inner receptacles, unless otherwise exempted by the competent authority, the period of use permitted for the transport of dangerous substances is five years from the date of manufacture of the receptacles, except where a shorter period of use is prescribed because of the nature of the substance to be transported. (ADG 4.1.1.15)

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LIST OF PACKING INSTRUCTIONS (ADG 4.1.4) The packing instructions outlined in column 8 of the DG listing, give a number for

example, P001. If there are Special Packing Provisions as per Column 9 of the DG Listing, i.e. PP1, they MUST be read. There are over 900 Packaging instructions.

IBC & Large Packaging Instructions (LP) MUST also be looked at prior to transporting the product on a vehicle.

For example: IBC08 authorises certain IBCs that can be used. Special Packing Provisions MUST be looked at as some substances cannot be transported in anything other than Closed Cargo Transport Units if not in a Metal or Rigid plastic IBC.

Portable tank instructions and Portable tank & bulk containers/special provisions in Columns 10 & 11 in the DG Listing MUST also be looked at; if to be transported in these vessel types.

Let’s go through this exercise:

UN

(1)

PROPER SHIP NAME

(2)

CLASS

(3)

SR

(4)

PG

(5)

SP

(6)

LQ

(7)

PI

(8)

SPP

(9)

1402

1402

1490

2218

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CONDITION OF CONTAINER AND EQUIPMENT (ADG 4.4.2.4) The owner and prime contractor must ensure that any dangerous goods being carried in a tank vehicle is constructed of material compatible with the goods. Dangerous goods must not be transported in a tank vehicle if the tank is: (a) Constructed of material which is incompatible with the goods; (b) Leaking, defective or damaged so that it is not safe to transport the goods; (c) Is not free from dangerous goods which are incompatible with the dangerous goods to

be transported. All valves, caps, manhole covers or other closures including any piping, must be kept closed and secured to avoid unsafe loss of contents.

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VEHICLES TRANSPORTING DANGEROUS GOODS (ADG Chapter 4.4) General (ADG 4.4.1) Vehicles must be:

Suitable for the appropriate goods

Clean

Free from damage or defects

Free of any leaks

Free from any dangerous residues

Use of Freight Containers (ADG 4.4.3) must also be secured with twist locks or other securing devices that will prevent movement of the container as per the Load Restraint Guide.

(a) Suitable for transporting the goods; and

(b) Free of any defect that is likely to cause a hazard in transporting the goods; and

(c) Clean and dry on the inside; and

(d) Free of dangerous residues; and

(e) Secured to the vehicle in accordance with Section 8.2.1.

Tank vehicles must conform to design, construction, inspection, testing and approval requirements in accordance with 6.9.2.2.

It must be suitable for the properties of the substances being transported.

The tank vehicle must conform with AS 2809 Part 1.

Dangerous goods must not be transported in a tank if it is incompatible with the goods, leaking, defective, damaged or the tank still contains dangerous goods residue with which other transported goods are incompatible.

Segregation Devices (ADG 4.4.5)

When permitted, only used for road & rail transport.

Details of Segregation Devices will be covered in Part 6 of the ADG Code.

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PART 5

CONSIGNMENT PROCEDURES

INCLUDING LABELLING, MARKING & PLACARDING

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LABELLING OF OVERPACK (ADG 5.1.2) (UN 18 – Previously known as Unit Load) The overpack must be strong enough to withstand repeated handling.

If the overpack is intended to support overstowage, it must be of a shape suitable for this purpose and strong enough to support stacking of other loads of similar density to the height to which they are intended to be stacked during transport. The materials used to enclose or secure the packages in the overpack must be capable of withstanding exposure to moisture, extremes of temperature, sunlight and minor leakages of substance in the overpack.

EMPTY PACKAGINGS (ADG 5.1.3) Except for Class 7, all other packaging, which previously contained dangerous goods, must be identified, marked and labeled as required for the relevant goods unless completely freed from the dangerous substances.

Marked as an overpack. All packages to be marked with proper shipping name, UN number & Class label clearly visible for each item.

If black plastic wrap is used on an

overpack, individual Class Labels MUST be placed on the outside of the overpack of the products inside as well as an OVERPACK label.

Except for limited quantities, packages

containing dangerous goods which are incompatible may not be transported.

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MARKING AND LABELLING OF PACKAGES (ADG 5.2) With the exception of very small items (sections 3.4 and 7.3), packages should be marked with: The proper shipping name The UN number Class label and if necessary, a subsidiary risk label Name and address in Australia of the manufacturer or consignor (or their agent) Any special or orientation markings as required.

Aerosols will be marked and transported as Class 2 and any subsidiary risk applicable in accordance with AS 2278.1. (ADG 5.2.1.8)

ALLYL ACETATE, UN 2333 ABC Chemicals & Co. Ltd 8 Old Bridge Road PERTH WA 6000 Chemical Exporters Pte. Novo Parque Industrial OPORTO, Portugal

4G/X/30/S/91US/BS 809

x 2 on opposite sides

TOXIC

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MARKING FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (ADG 5.2.1.6) For substances under UN 3077 and UN 3082, where the inner package contents is 5 Litres / 5 Kg or less, the following marking must be displayed: Symbol: Fish & Tree Black on white

Check the Australian Provision AU01 in Column 6 of the Dangerous Goods Listing: SP AU01 Environmentally Hazardous Substances meeting the descriptions of UN 3077 or UN 3082 are not subject to this Code when transported by road or rail in; (a) Packagings that do not incorporate a receptacle exceeding 500 kg(L); or (b) IBCs. GLOBALLY HARMONISED SYSTEM GHS Background Developed by the United Nations to give a formal structure globally, of how to manage chemicals within the workplace. A process was developed to standardise and harmonise chemical classification and labelling. This Guidance is intended for manufacturers and importers of substances, mixtures and articles who have a duty under the Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act and Regulations to classify them. It may also be useful for suppliers, persons undertaking business and undertakings, workers and other persons involved with hazardous chemicals. Introduction to GHS The GHS includes harmonised criteria for the classification of: Physical hazards (e.g. flammable liquids);

Health hazards (e.g. carcinogens); and

Environmental hazards (e.g. aquatic toxicity). Implementation of GHS After 31 December 2016 all workplace chemicals must be classified according to the GHS and labels and SDS must be in accordance with the GHS as implemented under the WHS Regulations.

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Duties in relation to Classification Hazard classification is used to identity hazardous properties of a substance or if mixtures are used. Follow 3 steps: 1. Identify relevant data of the hazards, substance and mixtures. 2. Review data to confirm the above hazards. 3. Make a decision on whether the substance or mixture will be classified as a hazardous

substance or mixture. A manufacturer or supplier Must: Determine whether a substance, mixture or article is a hazardous chemical; Ensure the hazardous chemical is correctly classified, prepare and provide safety data

sheets; Ensure the hazardous chemical is correctly labelled; Amend safety data sheets every 5 years. Comparison of old classification systems verses New New GHS Pictograms

Note that current MSDS/SDS still show under Classification under the Approved Criteria [NOHSC: 1008 (2004)].

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The following Letters are seen on MSDS meaning: Risk Phrases=R followed by a number Flammable=F Danger Oxidizing=O Safety Phrase=S Harmful=Zn Toxic=T Corrosive=C Irritant=Xi Dangerous for the Environment=N GHS Hazard Classes GHS breaks down Hazard Classes into three groups: Physical Hazard Health Hazard Environmental Hazard Signal Words Signal words are used to indicate the relative level of severity of a hazard. The GHS uses ‘DANGER’ and ‘WARNING’ as signal words. ‘DANGER’ is used for a more severe or significant hazard, while ‘WARNING’ is used for the less severe hazards.

Only one signal word should be present on any one label. If the signal word ‘DANGER’ applies, then the signal word ‘WARNING’ should not appear on the label.

Signal words should be represented in bold and uppercase text.

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PRIMARY / SUBSIDIARY RISKS (ADG 5.2.2.1.1)

Dangerous goods are identified by means of the primary risk being displayed. Some dangerous goods might have more than one risk. Where primary and subsidiary risks are required to be displayed, they must be displayed next to each other.

UN 1790 Hydrofluoric Acid

Dangerous Goods / Mixed Class Label (ADG 5.2.2.2.3) This label indicates that various Classes/Divisions of dangerous goods are being carried in a cargo transport unit. The use of this label is only allowed within Australia and is only valid for Road & Rail.

CHAPTER 5.3 – PLACARDING AND MARKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT UNITS AND PLACARDABLE UNITS

Emergency Information Panels (ADG 5.3.1.3.1)

NITRIC ACID, RED FUMING

UN No.

2032 HAZCHEM

2PEIN EMERGENCY DIAL

000, POLICE or FIRE BRIGADE

SPECIALIST ADVICE

AUSTRALIAN CHEMICALS LTD.

(02) 9876 5432

TOXIC

REMEMBER

Subsidiary risks must be taken into account for segregation purposes.

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PLACARDING METHODS (ADG 5.3.1.4)

a)

The placard must be placed on a colour that is contrasting to the background, or The placard has a dotted or solid outer boundary line, At least 250 mm x 250 mm in size.

b) Must be fitted on a vertical plane Securely fixed to the vehicle, or Stenciled or printed on the vehicle, or Placed securely in a frame that is secured to the vehicle.

c) Placards must be weather resistant and durable; and They must be legible; and Not be obscured.

ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SUBSTANCES (ADG 5.3.2.2) Substances being transported in a liquid state at a temperature of 100C or more, or solids at a temperature of 240C or more, must also display the elevated temperature triangle with at least 250 mm sides in red as near to the Class or Division label as possible. Additional checks to ensure if you have a placarded load:

Do you have the correct transport documentation for the load? Do you have the appropriate EPG or equivalent? Do you have the correct fire extinguishers? Are you carrying the portable warning signs in case of a breakdown situation? Do you have the correct PPE cabin bag for the class/s you are transporting? What forms of communication will you require? You need to have written, verbal and

signage as a minimum in the form of documents, two way and placards. Have you checked your load restraint?

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Display of UN Numbers (ADG 5.3.2.1) The requirements of this sub-section of the ADG Code do not apply to consignments of dangerous goods being transported only by road or rail within Australia. This is a requirement of UN 20, the IMDG Code, ICAO Rules and IATA Regulations and therefore applies to all transport by sea and air. It is included here for the information of exporters or those intending to transport dangerous goods domestically by sea or air, and to assist in interpreting placarding and marking of containers arriving by sea or air.

Exception to Placarding with EIPs (5.3.3.6) This section does not apply to a placardable unit that is being transported in a closed freight container that has been imported into, or is to be exported from Australia, if: (a) The placardable unit is marked and labelled in accordance with the applicable modal

code (IMDG Code, ICAO Rules or IATA Regulations); and (b) The freight container is placarded in accordance with the applicable modal code (IMDG

Code, ICAO Rules or IATA Regulations); and (c) No goods (dangerous or not) have been removed from or added to the freight container

since, if imported its arrival in Australia; or if to be exported the load was first consigned for transport to the place from which it is to be exported.

Further to the above under PLACARDING INTERMODAL LOADS (ADG 5.3.8) The tank or container has been placarded outside Australia and imported into Australia; or filled or packed for export from Australia; or for transport between Australian locations by sea or air; or no goods (dangerous or not) have been removed from or added to the tank or container if imported: since its arrival in Australia; or if to be exported: since the load was first consigned for transport to the place from which it is to be exported; or if loaded for transport between Australian locations by sea or air: the duration of the complete journey including road or rail transport to and from the nominated ports or airports.

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PLACARDABLE UNITS (ADG 5.3.3) Includes all receptacles exceeding a capacity of 500 kg/L, including: 1) IBCs

2) Pressure drums

3) Tubes

4) MEGCs

5) Demountable tanks

A placardable unit that contains dangerous goods, or has contained dangerous goods and is not free from dangerous goods, must be placarded with emergency information panels.

INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS An IBC (Intermediate Bulk Container) (large packaging) is a container for solids or liquids of all packing groups, up to a maximum of 3000 kg/L designed for mechanical handling and resistant to normal stresses in transport.

Multiple Element Gas Containers

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The above IBCs must be placarded with emergency information panels. Where practicable labeling should be on opposite sides of the unit, visible from the side that a forklift would approach. IBC must not be filled and offered for transport after the date of expiry of the last periodic test or inspection. However, an IBC filled prior to the date of expiry of the last periodic test or inspection may be transported for a period not to exceed three months beyond the date of expiry of the last periodic test or inspection.

BULK CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS (ADG 5.3.4) Emergency information panels must be displayed on both sides of the tank or container

(bulk loads) and visible from both sides of the vehicle.

On multi-compartment tanks or bulk containers, each outlet point must be marked identifying its contents.

Freight containers must be placarded with the relevant Class, Division or mixed Class labels or emergency information panels on the sides of the container that will be visible from either side of the vehicle.

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PLACARDING ROAD VEHICLES (ADG 5.3.6)

All road vehicles transporting a placard load of dangerous goods, as determined from Table 5.3, must be placarded on the front and rear with placards indicating what dangerous goods are being carried. It is essential that you placard your road vehicle accordingly to alert the general public and emergency services of the dangers. Where all of the dangerous goods are of a single class or division, the placards required by are the class or division label; and any subsidiary risk labels applicable to the goods.

Placard loads of Packaging as per Table 5.3 single vehicle – front and rear with placards. Which are Class Diamonds only.

Combination road vehicles transporting a placard load of packages: Front and rear of the combination; and

Both sides of each trailer carrying a placard load with either placards (Class Diamonds) of each trailer.

Mixed Loads Packages only

DANGEROUS

GOODS

DANGEROUS

GOODS

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BULK CONTAINERS, TANKS OR PLACARDABLE UNITS (ADG 5.3.6.3)

Front of the vehicle must be placarded with primary Class label and Sub-risk if applicable.

Rear and both sides must have emergency information panels displayed.

PLACARDING OF FREIGHT CONTAINERS (PACKAGED GOODS) (ADG 5.3.5) Every freight container containing dangerous goods in packages shall be marked with the primary risk placard, subsidiary risk placard and mixed “dangerous goods” placard as required. These should be securely fixed on each side so that they are clearly visible and 250 mm in size. Every Class label, subsidiary risk label and mixed Class label shall be fixed to a surface of a colour contrasting with the background colour or colours of the label so that there is a border of 20 mm of contrasting colour immediately surrounding that label.

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PLACARDING OF FREIGHT CONTAINERS (BULK GOODS) (ADG 5.3.5.4) Emergency information panels on the long sides.

PLACEMENT OF EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANELS (ADG 5.3.6.3.2)

On the rear of a vehicle or combination

On the sides of the rigid vehicle or each trailer on which dangerous goods are being carried

Must be displayed on a vertical plane

The lower edge at least 450 mm above the ground level

Road tankers at least 1 m

Side panels must be displayed as close to the front of the loading area of the vehicle as practicably possible.

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Placarding (Bulk) Multi-Loads (ADG 5.3.6.3.3.2)

A road vehicle transporting different types of dangerous goods in placardable units, bulk containers or tanks (including multi-compartment tanks, containers or units) must be placarded with multi-load emergency information panels on both sides and the rear of the vehicle. Where the Proper Shipping Name is normally placed, the space is to be left blank; Where the UN Number would be placed, the expression “MULTI-LOAD”; In the Hazchem Space, the multi-load Hazchem Code ascertained in accordance with Appendix C for the combination of the dangerous goods being transported in the cargo transport unit or placardable unit. If no multi-load placards are available for the sides of the vehicle, individual emergency information panels describing each of the dangerous goods is displayed in such a way that it is clear which goods are in what units have at each outlet point of each tank or compartment of a multi-compartmented tank, a mark identifying the dangerous goods contained in that tank or compartment.

PLACARD REMOVAL (ADG 5.3.9)

Placards must not be removed from placardable units, portable tanks, bulk containers, road tank vehicle or rail tank wagons that have contained dangerous goods unless all receptacles, tanks and compartments have been cleaned and are free from dangerous goods. (ADG 5.3.9.1) Placards must be removed from a placardable unit or cargo transport unit that has transported dangerous goods when it has been freed from dangerous goods. (ADG 5.3.9.2)

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ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLACARDING ROAD VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS (ADG Fig 5.3.6) The below illustrations are examples and a guidance only. Not all illustrations have been added as per the ADG Code. Please familiarise yourself with further detail on the Code. a) Road Vehicle or Combination Transporting Packaged Dangerous Goods - Only

b) Road tank vehicles and combination road tank vehicles c) Road vehicles and combination road vehicles transporting dangerous goods in

freight containers in packages

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From the Australian Dangerous Goods Code d) Road vehicles and combination road vehicles transporting any placardable units

displaying EIPs or in freight containers loaded placardable units. e) Road vehicles transporting both packaged dangerous goods and dangerous

goods in placardable units.

1. Gated vehicle – Same class goods in packages and placardable units – EIPs on placardable units visible from side.

2. Curtain sided vehicle – Same class goods

in packages and placardable units – EIPs on placardable units obscured.

3. Rigid truck fully enclosed, with packages

and placardable units of different classes – Gated trailer. Packaged goods have a sub-risk and are different class to placardable unit.

4. Multi-load EIP on rear, Mixed Class label on

front – Gated combination vehicle – Placardable units of one class, different materials – Packages all one (different) class EIPs on trailer sides as placardable unit obscured – Multi-load, one class EIP plus Class Label on rear – Mixed Class on front, Class Label on all sides.

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COMBINATION VEHICLES TRANSPORTING PLACARD ANDNON-PLACARD LOADS The aggregate quantity of dangerous goods on the entire combination is more than 1000. The aggregate quantity of dangerous goods on the entire combination is less than 1000.

KEY

= CLASS LABEL

= EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANELS

= RIGID TRUCK

= PRIME MOVER/SEMI TRAILER

= TRAILER (IN COMBINATION WITH RIGID VEHICLE OR SEMI TRAILER)

(Note: Assume that in each of the above illustrations the goods being transported are dangerous goods of Class 3, packing group II or III.)

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Important NOTE to remember: Under the Regulations as already discussed, a driver does not need to be licended to transport 3000L of IBCs ONLY! All other areas within the ADG Code for Placards Loads still apply. The exemption only excempts a Driver having a Licence, nothing else!

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PART 6

REQUIREMENTS FOR

CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF PACKAGING

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REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF PACKAGING

a) Codes for Designated Types of Packages (ADG 6.1.2)

The Code consists of:

I. An Arabic numeral indicating the kind of packaging, e.g. drum, jerrican, etc., followed by:

II. A capital letter(s) in Latin characters indicating the nature of the material, e.g. steel, wood, etc., followed, where necessary by:

III. An Arabic numeral indicating the category of packaging within the kind to which the packaging belongs.

Example (ADG 6.1.4.1): Steel Drums will either be marked as 1A1 or 1A2

1 = Drum 1 = Drum A = Steel A = Steel 1 = Non-removal head 2 = Removable head

b) UN Approval Marking (ADG 6.1.3)

Responsibility for using the correct type of packaging and labelling lies with the consignor (sender of the goods). However, the driver is required to have knowledge and be able to interpret and understand the reasons why correct packaging and labelling must be used.

All UN approved packages will be marked with the UN symbol.

All packing group I substances must be in UN approved packages.

Packing group II and III substances over 5 kg/L must also be in UN approved packages, unless exempt.

For package marking purposes a capital letter is used rather than a Roman numeral.

(ADG 6.1.3.1)

e.g. X - signifies a package approved for packing groups I, II & III

Y - signifies a package approved for packing groups II & III only

Z - signifies a package approved for packing group III only

UN SYMBOL This symbol is used for certifying that a packaging, a flexible bulk container, a portable tank or a MEGC complies with the relevant requirements in certain chapters of this part of the code. For embossed metal packagings the capital letters “UN” may be applied as the symbol.

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TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR PACKAGINGS (ADG 6.1.5) Each packaging design type must successfully pass the tests prescribed in this Chapter before being used. Drop Test (ADG 6.1.5.3) Figure 6.1 Example of Drop Test Orientation

Various number of drop tests occur at different angles to ensure the package meets the testing standard. Drop Height (ADG 6.1.5.3.5) Drop tests are completed at different heights depending on the Packing Group.

Portable Tank Requirements (ADG 6.7) Every portable tank must be fitted with a corrosion resistant metal plate permanently attached to the portable tank in a conspicuous place readily accessible for inspection. When for reasons of portable tank arrangements the plate cannot be permanently attached to the shell, the shell must be marked with at least the information required by the pressure vessel code.

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As a minimum, at least the following information must be marked on the plate by stamping or by any other similar method: (a) Owner information

(i) Owner’s registration number; (b) Manufacturing information

(i) Country of manufacture; (ii) Year of manufacture; (iii) Manufacturer’s name or mark; (iv) Manufacturer’s serial number;

(c) Approval information (i) The United Nations packaging symbol.

The shell and items of equipment of each portable tank must be inspected and tested before being put into service for the first time (initial inspection and test) and thereafter at not more than five-year intervals (5 year periodic inspection and test) with an intermediate periodic inspection and test (2.5 year periodic inspection and test) midway between the 5 year periodic inspections and tests. The 2.5 year inspection and test may be performed within 3 months of the specified date. An exceptional inspection and test must be performed regardless of the last periodic inspection and test when necessary according to the initial inspection. It is the driver’s responsiblitly to ensure the Compliance Plate fitted is within date and legible. If the plate is out of date, they must inform the Prime Contractor/Owner to get the tank approved.

APPROVAL PLATE

12345 Approval No. DATE OF LAST TEST

ROAD TANK VEHICLES (ADG 6.9.1)

Intended for the transport of Classes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9. Must be approved, designed to AS 2809 and have a compliance plate fixed to the road tank vehicle. There are other relevant Australian Standards for certain classes that cover construction standards. Bulk containers are required to have a current approval/compliance plate, issued by the relevant authority for each State, in order to carry dangerous goods. Prime movers and dollies do not require an approval plate, but must comply with any safety requirements.

02/09/16

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PART 7

PROVISIONS CONCERNING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS

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PROVISIONS CONCERNING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS Goods must not be offered for transport if:

They have not been properly classified, packed, marked, labelled and appropriate documents provided; and

The goods are unfit for transport as required by the ADG Code.

Dangerous goods may only be transported in transport units: (ADG 7.1.1.4)

That have been appropriately marked, labelled and placarded; and

That are in a good condition for transport as required by the ADG Code. Transport of Class 2 (ADG 7.1.4) Class 2 dangerous goods must not be stored near heat sources.

Liquefied gas cylinders fitted with a pressure relief device must be stowed so that the pressure relief device is in the vapour space.

When gas cylinders are being transported, the main cylinder valve must remain shut and regulators removed prior to loading.

Ventilation (ADG 7.1.4.5) Division 2.1 and 2.3 dangerous goods must not be transported in a placard load unless

the cargo transport unit, Freight Container or compartment in which they are transported is ventilated to prevent the build-up of flammable or toxic gases during transport.

Liquefied oxygen. Transport of Class 4.1 & 5.2 (ADG 7.1.5) Some of the above mentioned classes MUST be transported under temperature control. The “control temperature” is the maximum temperature at which the substance can be safely transported. Below is one example of a Class 5.2 that requires temperature control for transportation in IBCs.

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SPECIAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO THE TRANSPORT OF DIVISION 6.1 (TOXIC) (ADG 7.1.7.1.2) Decontamination of cargo transport units: A rail wagon, road vehicle, freight container or other cargo transport unit which has been used to carry substances marked as or known to be toxic (packing groups I, II and III) must, after unloading and before removal of placards, be inspected for contamination. Until such contamination has been removed, a cargo transport unit which has been contaminated must not be returned to service and placards and other markings indicating. You MUST not remove the EIPs until such time as the above has occurred.

TRANSPORT OF EMPTY PACKAGING AND CONTAINERS (ADG 7.2)

Transport of Pre-labelled Packaging, IBCs and Cylinders (ADG 7.2.5)

New or empty, unused and pre-labelled dangerous goods packaging, IBCs and cylinders should be clearly identified as such on the shipping documents, outer package or transport unit.

Transport of Nominally Empty Receptacles (ADG 7.2.6)

Nominally empty packagings, IBCs, portable tanks, bulk containers, road tank vehicles

that have not been freed from dangerous goods, must be identified as such on the transport documents.

The above will always be regarded as still filled with dangerous goods/placard loads and

must comply with all relevant provisions of the ADG Code. Special Provisions Applicable to the Transport of Division 4.3 (ADG 7.1.11) Dangerous goods of Division 4.3, or with a Subsidiary Risk of 4.3 must be kept dry during transport. Never transport water based products including Agricultural Chemicals on the external part of the utility. If these products come into contact with water, they can react and ignite or give off a toxic gas. UN 1397 Aluminium Phosphide has a 4.3 Primary Class Diamond and a 6.1 Toxic Subsidiary class diamond.

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PART 8

STOWAGE AND RESTRAINT

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STOWAGE AND RESTRAINT ON OR IN TRANSPORT UNITS (ADG 8.1)

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STOWAGE AND RESTRAINT (ADG 8.1.2) Transport units transporting dangerous goods in packages must be constructed and

maintained in a manner that it will be able to withstand the stresses during normal transport operations.

Inspection of transport unit/s prior to loading must be done to ensure it is free from damage.

Packages inside the transport unit must be restrained in accordance with the Load Restraint Guide or equivalent manner.

Incompatible dangerous goods must be segregated from one another in accordance with chapter 9.1.

Packages inside the transport unit must be restrained using suitable equipment to prevent movement of the goods during transport.

Packages must also be restrained in such a manner as to prevent release of the dangerous goods in the transport unit/s.

Vented closures of packages and IBCs must be stowed and restrained with the closure in the top position.

Dangerous goods that may cause flammable, toxic or other harmful vapours/fumes must be stowed to prevent it from happening inside the vehicle cabin in the event the packages should leak.

Pallets that contain dangerous goods must be in good condition and free from projections.

OPEN AND NON-RIGID SIDED VEHICLES AND CONTAINERS (ADG 8.1.3) Refers to open tray, platforms or curtain-sided transport units:

Must be stowed within rigid sides or gates; No article or package must protrude above the sides or gates by more than 30% of

the height of the article or package; No article or package may protrude horizontally beyond the sides or gates; Gates to the rear of the transport unit are not required if the dangerous goods are

stowed in the front of the loading area and other goods are stowed behind that will prevent the goods from falling from the vehicle;

Class 2 dangerous goods that are stored in stillages (gas industry cylinder pallets) must be secured within the frame of the stillage by using restraint equipment that is in accordance with the Load Restraint Guide; The cylinder must not protrude by more than 45% of the height above the stillage rails;

Stillages must be stowed and restrained on the transport units or freight container in accordance with the Load Restraint Guide.

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RESTRAINING FREIGHT CONTAINERS (ADG 8.2.1) Freight containers containing dangerous goods must be

restrained on vehicles in accordance with the Load Restraint Guide.

In general this will be by means of four engaged twist locks (or equally effective method).

RESTRAINING PORTABLE TANKS (ADG 8.2.2)

Portable tanks may only be transported on vehicles whose fastenings are capable of

absorbing certain relevant separately applied static forces as mentioned in Part 6 of the ADG Code.

The portable tank must be securely fastened to the vehicle by either four engaged twist locks or other equally effective method as specified by the Load Restraint Guide.

Portable tanks that have notations indicating how it should be handled when transporting dangerous goods should be handled in accordance with those notations.

Portable Tanks exceeding 7,500L in capacity (ADG 8.2.2.3)

Except when the tank is nominally empty, dangerous goods in the liquid state must not be transported on a road vehicle in a portable tank having a capacity of more than 7,500 litres, unless:

(a) The height of the centroid of the tank cross section at tank half-length falls within an isosceles triangle having:

(i) a base length at ground level equal to the overall width between the outside walls of the outside tyres of the main load bearing axle groups, and

(ii) base angles not exceeding 64 degrees; or

(b) The distance between the ground and the load bearing surface of the bottom corner casting of the loaded tank does not exceed 1100 mm.

RESTRAINING BULK CONTAINERS (ADG 8.2.3)

Bulk containers in the form of freight containers must be restrained on the vehicle by means of four engaged twist locks or other equally effective method.

Bulk containers that are not freight containers must be restrained in accordance with the Load Restraint Guide.

Bulk tanks that have notations indicating how it should be handled when transporting dangerous goods, should be handled in accordance with those notations.

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PART 9

SEGREGATION

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INCOMPATIBLE GOODS (ADG 9.1) APPLICATION AND PRINCIPLES (ADG 9.2.1) (a) Segregation requirements in this chapter only apply to placard loads of dangerous

goods. (b) Dangerous goods must not be transported on the same vehicle as incompatible goods,

unless they are segregated or allowed in accordance with this chapter. (c) An overpack, large packaging or segregation device must not contain dangerous goods

which are incompatible with one another, except where all dangerous goods are packed as limited quantities in accordance with chapter 3.4.

(d) A transport unit must not contain incompatible dangerous goods unless they are segregated.

(e) Incompatible dangerous goods must be segregated from one another so as to effectively minimise the risk of accidental leakage or spillage.

(f) The most stringent segregation provisions must apply when stowing dangerous goods together.

(g) Where a substance being carried has a subsidiary risk label, that subsidiary risk must be taken into account as well as the principal risk for segregation from other dangerous goods. (ADG Table 9.1)

INCOMPATIBILITY BASED ON CLASSIFICATION (ADG 9.1.2) Explosives (ADG 9.1.2.2) Dangerous goods of Class 1 (explosives) for the purpose of this Code are incompatible

with dangerous goods of other Classes. Dangerous goods of Division 1.4, (compatibility group S) for the purpose of this Code

are considered to be compatible with other dangerous goods provided the aggregate quantity of all dangerous goods in the transport unit does not exceed 1000 kg/L. Refer to AEC 3 (7.3.1.(3&4)).

Food and Food Packagings (ADG 9.1.2.3) Food ingredients that are Class 8 are not to be considered to be incompatible with other food or food packaging, despite the entry in the dangerous goods segregation table 9.1, where it is indicated that Class 8 is incompatible with food or food packaging. Classes incompatible with Food or Food Packaging The following Classes/Division are incompatible with food or food packaging unless the above section of the ADG Code applies: Division 2.3 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

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The Dangerous Goods Safety (Road and Rail Transport of Non-explosives) Regulations 2007 advises under Part 9 – Segregation the following: 130. Application of Part (1) This Part applies to —

(a) The transport of a placard load; or (b) The transport of a load that contains dangerous goods but that is not a placard load if

the load contains dangerous goods of UN Division 2.3 or UN Class 6 or 8, or dangerous goods that have a Subsidiary Risk of 6.1 or 8 that are being, or are to be, transported with food or food packaging.

TABLE 9.1 SEGREGATION TABLE Applies to a SINGLE VEHICLE and includes any Sub-risk to the Main Class

Food & Food empties

Fire risksubstances

CLASS / DIVISION 1 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 4.1 4.2

4.3

5.1

5.2

6

7

(7) 8 9

1 Explosives (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

2.1 Flammable gas (1) 0 0(3) 0 0(2) N N N N N 0 N 0 0 0 0

2.2 Non- flammable Non-toxic gas

(1) 0(3) 0 0(4) 0 0 N 0 0 N 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.3 Toxic gas

(1) 0 0(4) 0 N 0 N 0 N N 0 0 0 0 N(8) 0

3 Flammable liquid (1) 0(2) 0 N 0 0 N 0 N N 0(6) N 0 0 0 0

4.1 Flammable solid (1) N 0 0 0 0 N 0 N N 0 N 0 0 0 0

4.2 Spontaneously combustible

(1) N N N N N 0 0 N N 0 N 0 0 0 0

4.3 Dangerous when wet

(1) N 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N 0 N N 0 0 0

5.1 Oxidising agent (1) N 0 N N N N N 0(6) N 0(5) N N 0(5) 0 N

5.2 Organic peroxide

(1) N N N N N N N N 0 0(5) N N 0(5) 0 N

6 Toxic/Infectious substances

(1) 0 0 0 0(5) 0 0 0 0(5) 0(5) 0 0 0(6) 0 N(8) 0

7 Radioactive material

(1) N 0 0 N N N N N N 0 0 N 0 N(8) 0

8 Corrosive substances

(1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N 0(6) N 0(6) 0 N(8) 0

9 Miscellaneous dangerous

goods (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0(5) 0(5) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Notes: 0 Means compatible unless a numbered exemption applies. N Means incompatible unless a numbered exemption applies.

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Exceptions (see Table 9.1): (1) Explosives are incompatible in transport with all other dangerous goods in all quantities

except as provided in the Australian Explosives Code or, for Division 1.4S, where 9.1.2.2.2 applies.

(2) Division 2.1 and Class 3 are incompatible in transport if both are in tanks or other receptacles with a capacity individually exceeding 500 L.

(3) Division 2.1 is incompatible in transport with gases of Division 2.2 that have a subsidiary risk 5.1 except when all are packed in cylinders or pressure drums not exceeding 500 L capacity.

(4) Division 2.3 is incompatible in transport with gases of Division 2.2 that have a subsidiary risk 5.1 except when all are packed in cylinders or pressure drums not exceeding 500 L capacity.

(5) Class 5 is incompatible with those Class 6 or Class 9 materials that are fire-risk substances.

(6) Some specific examples of these Classes or Divisions are incompatible – see Table 9.2. (7) See the Code of Practice for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Substances regarding

the compatibility of Class 7 with undeveloped photographic film, personnel and mail. (8) Food and food packagings are incompatible with these classes in all quantities,

except where 9.1.2.3 applies.

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TABLE 9.2 SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INCOMPATIBLE GOODS

Dangerous Goods or Group of Dangerous Goods

Dangerous Goods or Group of Dangerous Goods

- Ammonium nitrate

Incompatible with

- Tetranitromethane - Dichloroisocyanuric acid - Trichloroisocyanuric acid - any

o bromate o chlorate o chlorite o hypochlorite o chloroisocyanurate o inorganic nitrite

- Calcium hypochlorite

(Dry or Hydrated) and its mixtures)

Incompatible with

- Ammonium nitrate

- Dichloroisocyanuric acid

- Trichloroisocyanuric acid

- any chloroisocyanurate

- Class 6 Incompatible with - Nitromethane

- Concentrated strong acids

Incompatible with

- Concentrated strong alkalis

- Cyanide compounds Incompatible with - Acids

Notes: Although both acids and bases (alkalis) are both Class 8 dangerous goods they can be incompatible as a transport load. In particular, what is described as strong acids and strong bases have long been considered incompatible due to the potential for violent reaction. The exact strength of the acid or base that will result in a violent reaction (explosion or fire) or evolve gases (flammable or toxic) depends heavily on the actual acids or bases being transported. Incompatibilities should be determined from the SDS in the first instance. Advice can also be obtained from a suitable industrial chemist, dangerous goods transport professional or State or Territory regulatory authority.

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SEGREGATION METHODS (ADG 9.2.2) Separate Road Vehicles (ADG 9.2.2.1) Dangerous goods are carried on one vehicle and the incompatible goods on another - Either on combination vehicles or separate vehicles. (B Double for example)

Separate Freight Containers (ADG 9.2.2.3) The dangerous goods or the incompatible goods are carried in a closed freight container with rigid sides and ends. Packaging for Segregation (ADG 9.2.2.4) Packaging for Segregation must be approved for that purpose by the competent

authority; and Has three levels of containment, comprising of:

I. An inner package; and II. A leak proof intermediate package; and III. An outer packaging.

Has been tested in accordance with chapter 6.1.5 (PG I packaging) Must be marked with “approved packaging for segregation” Packing Group I dangerous goods must comply with ADG 9.2.2.4.2. Large Packaging (ADG 9.2.2.5) Dangerous goods are segregated if they are packed in a large packaging to a packing instruction in chapter 4.1, ADG Code. Segregation Devices (ADG 9.2.2.6) Dangerous goods of packing group II and III can be segregated from incompatible goods in accordance with this Code by means of a segregation device, which meets the requirements of ADG Chapter 6.11.

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Type 1 Max 450 litres in capacity and does not need to be tested Rigid, substantial construction, liquid tight, permanently attached lid with two suitable

closing devices Fixed to vehicle, not to be lifted to or from the vehicle whilst containing dangerous goods Not to be used for Packing Group I unless approved. Type 2 Must be approved and tested Must not exceed 3000 litres in capacity A Type II Segregation Device may include a packaging, a large packaging, a tank, an

Intermediate Bulk Container or a freight container provided it meets the requirements Must be of suitable design, construction The segregation device must be designed for safe mechanical handling when fully

loaded.

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SPECIAL SEGREGATION PROVISIONS (ADG 9.2.3) The following dangerous goods (goods A) which may react dangerously must not be transported on the same road vehicle or combination road vehicle with goods B. In other words, a separate trailer is permitted so long as nothing you are carting appears in the below table. For example, Table 9.1 excluded a Placard Load of Division 4.1 & 5.1. A separate trailer would be acceptable as the above mentioned classes do not appear in the below Table.

Restrictions: a. (Road) Dangerous goods mentioned in the column headed Goods A must not be

transported on any road vehicle at the same time as goods described as Goods B in the same numbered row of this table, even if the Goods A and Goods B are in different freight containers, bulk containers, portable tanks or different vehicles making up a combination vehicle.

b. (Rail) A freight container or wagon transporting a placard load that includes dangerous goods described as Goods A must be separated on a train from a freight container or wagon transporting a placard load that includes Goods B in the same row of this table by at least one intervening load platform that may, subject to the other segregation provisions of this Chapter, be loaded with other dangerous goods.

c. (Road) A placard load on a road vehicle, including a combination vehicle, must not include at the same time, Cyanides of Division 6.1 and Acids of Class 8, in any quantity,

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even if they are in separate cargo transport units or on different vehicles making up a combination vehicle, unless Packagings for Segregation are used in accordance with 9.2.2.4. # Except where this substance is transported in a Packaging for Segregation in accordance with 9.2.2.4.

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PART 10

BULK TRANSFER OF DANGEROUS GOODS

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CHAPTER 10.1 – TRANSFER EQUIPMENT

Bulk Transfer of Dangerous Goods Application (ADG 10.1.1) Applies to transfer by gravity, pump or pressure differential of liquid, solid or gaseous dangerous goods into or out of a tank vehicle, or into or out of a portable tank, demountable tank, bulk container, pressure drum, tube, MEGC or IBC that is on a vehicle, using pipes and/or hose assemblies. Transfer Equipment and Hose Assemblies (ADG 10.1.2) Transfer equipment and hose assemblies that are used for transferring dangerous goods must be fit for the intended purpose. Relevant Australian Standards referenced in the ADG Code need to be checked for certain classes. Hose Testing (ADG 10.1.3) Periodic inspection – inspected for damage over its entire length at intervals not exceeding more than one month.

Electrical Continuity Testing (ADG 10.1.3.2) This clause applies to a hose assembly used to transfer: Dangerous goods of Class 3 and 4 or with a sub-risk of 3 and 4 (other than Class 2)

Before first use

Retested at intervals not exceeding six months

Hydrostatic Pressure Testing (ADG 10.1.3.3) Unless otherwise specified in the Code, hose assemblies must be tested prior to first use; thereafter intervals not exceeding 12 months. Record Keeping (ADG 10.1.3.4)

Hose assemblies must be marked with a distinctive identifying number; Records for the life of each hose, including when each test was carried out; Nature of test carried out; Date on which maintenance work was carried out on hose assemblies; Nature of maintenance work.

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CHAPTER 10.2 – TRANSFER REQUIREMENTS

Where to transfer Dangerous Goods (ADG 10.2.1)

Positioning of vehicle during transfer of Division 2.1 and Class 3 (ADG 10.2.1.1) So that it can be driven in a forward direction; or With minimal manoeuvring – area for manoeuvring to be kept clear. Transfer in public area (ADG 10.2.1.2)

Applies to any place in a built-up area with public access or within 15 metres of a building or place where there is likely to be a concentration of people.

Dangerous goods of PG I and Division 2.3, excluding anhydrous ammonia or ammonia

solution must not be transferred out of a road vehicle in these mentioned areas. Dangerous goods must not be transferred from one vehicle to another in these

mentioned areas. Transfer operation within designated transfer areas – occupier of premises to ensure

that areas are marked and that all vehicles are parked in these areas during transfer operations.

Transfer in enclosed space – dangerous goods are not to be transferred into or out of a vehicle that is in an enclosed space that could give rise to dangerous concentrations of dust, mist or vapours.

Positioning of hose assembly during transfer (ADG 10.2.1.5) When dangerous goods are to be transferred into or out of a vehicle in an area which is accessible to other vehicles, all reasonably practicable measures must be taken to prevent any vehicle from driving over the hose assembly or striking its connections. Electrical Bonding (ADG 10.2.2.3) Before transfer of Class 2.1 (flammable gases other than LP) or Class 3 (flammable liquids) including goods with these subsidiary risks, the person in charge of the transfer must ensure that the tank or containers is electrically bonded to the supplying or receiving container and that it remains bonded until all hoses are uncoupled and all closures have been closed.

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General Requirements for Transfer of Dangerous Goods (ADG 10.2.3) The vehicle must be secured against any movement during transfer. (ADG 10.2.3.1) During transfer a person must remain in close proximity of the vehicle, observe all

valves, fittings, gauges and connections, and have access to equipment to stop transfer in the event of escape, leak or spill. (ADG 10.2.3.2)

Dangerous goods must not be transferred while the cabin of the vehicle is occupied. (ADG 10.2.3.3)

Light levels at all valves, fittings, gauges and connections must be adequate to allow for safe transfer. (ADG 10.2.3.4)

Design pressure of receiving receptacle must not be exceeded. Air must not be used to transfer dangerous goods of Class 3 or 4 or with a Subsidiary Risk of 3 or 4. Gas used in transfer operation must be chemically inert to the dangerous goods being transferred. (ADG 10.2.3.5)

Avoid excess kinking, curvature, abrasion or stress on hoses or connections during transfer. Before dangerous goods of Class 3 are transferred into or out of a vehicle, the supplying receptacle must be electrically bonded to the receiving receptacle in accordance with AS 1940. (ADG 10.2.3.6)

Spill or leak during transfer Stop transfer in the event of escape, leak or spill and contain if safe to do so In the case of an emergency the driver must contact: Emergency Services, the Prime Contractor, Competent Authority

CHAPTER 10.3 – ULLAGE AND MAXIMUM PERMITTED FILLING RATIO Ullage (ADG 10.3.1) The ullage in a tank vehicle containing liquid dangerous goods other than Class 2, must not be less than:

Liquids in containers with a certain coefficient of expansion – no less than 2% or more than 5%. (ADG 10.3.1.1)

Any liquids transported in a large compartment tank as defined in AS 2809.1 such as an ISO Container, must keep the ullage in the large compartment no more than 20% when filled and be no less than 85% when emptied. This means the large compartment cannot have a fill level between 15% and 80%.

The above applies only to those tanks or compartments of a road tank vehicle that individually exceed 8,600 L. It does not apply to portable tanks, or to smaller tanks or compartments on the same vehicle.

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The above Scenario is showing a large compartment tank such as an ISO Container where the tank has been under filled leaving too large an Ullage space. In this case the air or Ullage space above the liquid is sitting at 25% instead of the allowable 20%. This would make the vehicle unstable and prone to tipping over especially on cornering.

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PART 11

DOCUMENTATION

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CHAPTER 11.1 – TRANSPORT DOCUMENTATION The person who offers dangerous goods for transport by road and/or rail must supply transport documents that will describe and identify the dangerous goods.

Form of Transport Document (ADG 11.1.1) A dangerous goods transport document may be in any form, provided it contain all of the

information required by this Code. If both dangerous and non-dangerous goods are listed in one document, the dangerous

goods must be listed first. A dangerous goods transport document may consist of more than one page, provided

pages are consecutively numbered. The information on a dangerous goods transport document must be in English, easy to

identify, legible and durable. The contents of transport documentation may be transmitted to the prime contractor or

driver by electronic data interchange, but documentation must be carried in the vehicle in hard copy form.

Content (ADG 11.1.2) Dangerous goods documentation must contain: The consignor’s name and telephone number for dangerous goods transported in bulk

containers, portable tanks, tank vehicles, or receptacles with a capacity of more than 500 kg(L), should be the number of the ‘telephone advisory service’ provided under Regulation.

A description in accordance with the below section of the dangerous goods to be transported.

Dangerous Goods Description (ADG 11.1.2.2) For each type of dangerous goods to be transported, the description in the transport document, must include in the mentioned Sub-section. (ADG 11.1.2.2.1)

a) UN number b) Proper shipping name (or other name) c) Class or Division d) Sub-risk (if applicable) e) Packing group (if any) f) Description of type of each package (i.e. drum, IBC) g) Number of packages, receptacles of each type h) Aggregate quantity

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When describing a type of dangerous goods, the UN number, name, Class or Division, sub-risk and the packing group must always appear before other information on the documents. (ADG 11.1.2.2.2) For example, you cannot show the description of package type prior to a) – e) in the above list.

NATIONWIDE TRAINING Perth WA Phone No: 08 9445 7766 TRANSPORT DOCUMENT This load contains dangerous goods ORDER NO: D875481 INVOICE NO: 65438 TO: Smith Industries DATE: 04/08/2016 Smith Rd TRANSPORT INSTRUCTIONS Karratha WA 6714

C.T. Transport Services DESCRIPTION

UN number

Proper shipping name

Class/Div number

Subsidiary risk number

Packing group

Size of container

Number of container

Aggregate net quantity

1251 Methyl Vinyl Ketone 6.1 3, 8 I 20L 1 20 L

1223 Kerosene 3 N / A III 200L Drums 2 400 L

2353 Butyryl Chloride 3 8 II 200L Drums 2 400 L

Where the transport document is printed with the elements of the dangerous goods description in clearly defined, individually headed columns, the actual sequence of items (a) to (e) inclusive is not critical for the purposes of this Code, provided they precede the other elements. Such documents, however, may not be acceptable transport documentation for sea or air transport of dangerous goods. Additional Information (ADG 11.1.2.2.4) Any additional information provided must not be inconsistent with, and must be added after the required information has been entered on the document.

SPECIAL DOCUMENTATION PROVISIONS (ADG 11.1.3) Empty Receptacles (ADG 11.1.3.1) Empty uncleaned IBCs, bulk containers etc. which contain the residue of dangerous goods must, have to the extent practicable changed to “EMPTY UNCLEANED” or “RESIDUE LAST CONTAINED” before or after the dangerous goods description specified in 11.1.2.2.1 (a) to (e).

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Combination Road Vehicles (ADG 11.1.3.2) If dangerous goods are transported on a combination road vehicle the transport document should indicate which dangerous goods are on which trailer. Amending Transport Documents (ADG 11.1.3.3) If part of the load is unloaded or transferred the transport document must be amended to a new total load or estimated total load (type and quantity) for the vehicle. Road Transport Documentation (ADG 11.1.4) Transport documentation must be carried in the cabin of each road vehicle transporting

dangerous goods. Every road vehicle transporting a placard load of dangerous goods must be fitted with an

emergency information holder. Every road vehicle transporting less than a placard load of dangerous goods must carry

the documentation: (a) In any emergency information holder fitted in the cabin of the vehicle; or (b) Where no emergency information holder is fitted, elsewhere in the cabin in a

prominent location. The documentation must not be in a sealed envelope, or be otherwise kept in a way that

would prevent it from being able to be read by the driver, while it is in the vehicle.

CHAPTER 11.2 – EMERGENCY INFORMATION Emergency information holder is: A holder of a suitable size and shape to carry emergency information and transport

documentation; and Marked with the words “EMERGENCY PROCEDURE GUIDES” or “EMERGENCY

INFORMATION” in red letters at least 10 mm high on a white background. Placement of Emergency Information Holder (ADG 11.2.2)

Emergency information holder must be placed on a road vehicle: On the inside of a door of the cabin; or Immediately adjacent to a door of the cabin; or if the construction of the vehicle does not

allow it inside or adjacent to the door, elsewhere in the cabin provided that a notice fixed to the inside of the driver’s door will indicate the location of the holder.

Located elsewhere must be visible and accessible.

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EMERGENCY INFORMATION

Emergency Procedure Guide

Initial Emergency Response Guide

HB76

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PART 12

SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR

ROAD VEHICLES

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CHAPTER 12.1 – SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR ROAD VEHICLES Application (ADG 12.1.1) Every road vehicle transporting a placard load of dangerous goods must be equipped with: a) Fire extinguishers. (ADG 12.1.2)

b) Three double-sided reflector signals (AS 3790) in clean good condition; and personal protective equipment and safety equipment. (ADG 12.1.3)

Fire Extinguishers (ADG 12.1.2) Road vehicles transporting dangerous goods: Must be equipped with fire extinguisher/s in accordance with table 12.1.

On combination vehicles, each separate unit must be equipped as above.

Fire extinguishers must comply with AS/NZS 1841.1, 1850, 1841.4/5/6/7 as appropriate.

Each fire extinguisher must be mounted by means of a quick release attachment.

Location of Fire Extinguishers (ADG 12.1.2.5) Must be readily accessible for use.

Must be located and stowed in accordance with AS 2809.1

If two or more are required for vehicle load areas, one should be located on the left (near) side towards the rear and another on the right towards the front of the vehicle.

Where only one is required, it should be placed either on the discharge side of the road tank vehicle or near the driver side door.

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TABLE 12.1 MINIMUM FIRE EXTINGUISHER REQUIREMENTS FOR ROAD VEHICLES TRANSPORTING A PLACARD LOAD OF DANGEROUS GOODS

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT A road vehicle transporting a placard load of dangerous goods must carry personal protective equipment and safety equipment specified in table 12.2. All PPE and safety equipment must be:

Clean suitable for the purpose in sound operating conditions, ready for use. Sufficient in quantity and suitable for the driver and passengers (if present) of the

vehicle. In a secure and accessible position in the cabin of the vehicle. TABLE 12.2 MINIMUM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR PLACARD LOAD VEHICLES Minimum required equipment

Class, Division, Subsidiary Risk

2.1 [a]

2.2

2.3

3

4

5.1S

5.1L

5.2

6.1

6.2

8

9

Respiratory protection for escape purpose

N N [b]

N N N N N [b] N [b]

N

Gas tight goggles or full face shield as appropriate

[c] [c] Y N N N Y Y Y N Y N

Eye-wash kit [d]

N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y

Chemically resistant gloves or gauntlets

N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Thermally insulated gloves or gauntlets

Y Y Y N N N N N N N N [e]

Chemically resistant suit or coveralls

N N N N N N Y Y Y N Y N

Chemically resistant boots

N N N N N N Y Y Y N Y N

Any electric torch

N Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y

Electric torch complying with AS/NZS 60079.11 or other recognised Code

Y N N Y Y N N Y N N N N

NOTES:

(a) For unodourised LP gas, the vehicle must be equipped with a suitable LP gas detector. (b) The minimum requirement is air supplied short term breathing apparatus suitable for

escape purposes, except when, even in an emergency, the dangerous goods will not give rise to harmful vapours, gases or dust. Note that where a driver attends to the loading or transfer of goods, SCBA with a duration of greater than 15 minutes may be required by other (e.g. health and safety) legislation.

(c) Y – If goods are cryogenic or in receptacles >500 L N – Otherwise

(d) Must be at least 250 ml capacity, filled and ready for use. (e) Y – If elevated temperature substances or dry ice

N – Otherwise

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FIRE TETRAHEDRON It is considered that for fire to occur certain factors are necessary, these are: HEAT

OXYGEN (usually air or some other supporter i.e. oxidising agents)

FUEL (a combustible substance)

CHEMICAL REACTION

In order to extinguish the fire it will be necessary to limit one or more of these factors. The methods of extinguishing fire may therefore be classified conveniently under the headings of: Starvation – or the limitation of fuel Smothering – or the limitation of oxygen Cooling – or the limitation of temperature Stopping the chemical reaction

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TYPES OF FIRES Class “A” Fire i.e. wood, paper, fabric, etc. The most effective extinguishing agent is generally water in the form of a course or fine spray. Before using a water extinguisher, ensure that there are no sources of electricity nearby. Aim the extinguisher onto the base of the fire. Class “B” Fire i.e. flammable liquids or liquefiable flammable solids

REMEMBER! Flammable liquids may be divided into TWO groups

Those that are miscible i.e. alcohol Those that are immiscible i.e. petrol

Depending on the above, the extinguishers would include: Water spray Foam Carbon dioxide Dry chemical powder Generally, the most appropriate extinguishing agents for Class “B” fires are foam or dry powder. Class “C” Fire These fires involve gases in liquid or vapour form, i.e. methane, butane, acetylene, hydrogen, foam or dry chemical powders can be used to control these fires. Water in the form of a spray can be used to cool other cylinders. Class “D” Fire These fires involve combustible metals. Special purpose extinguishers should be used although a safe alternative could be dry sand. Class “E” Fire Fires involving electricity or electronic machines. Water based extinguishers should not be used. Class “F” Fire Fires involving cooking oil or fat.

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Action on discovering a fire In general firefighting should be left to the emergency services. However, do try and tackle a small fire if safe to do so. If it proves necessary to tackle a fire you should: (a) Raise the ALARM – send someone to call the emergency services if possible

(b) Keep people away from the fire site

DO NOT BECOME A CASUALTY YOURSELF!

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USE OF EXTINGUISHERS

If the extinguisher is to be used in the cab, get out first. Once the fire is extinguished allow time for the fumes to exhaust themselves as inhaling them could be harmful.

WATER Class A Combustible Material

All Red

FOAM Class B Flammable Liquid Fires

Red with Blue Stripe

POWDER Most Types of Fires

Combustible Material

Red with White Stripe

CO2

Small Electrical Fires

Red with Black Stripe

AQUALOY Class F Fires

Red with Beige Stripe

It is the owner and the prime CONTRACTOR’S responsibility to ensure that these extinguishers are present, serviced regularly and in working order. Tyre Fires Tyre fires are a great hazard when carrying dangerous goods as the heat generated may ignite the load. AFFF (foam type) extinguishers are recommended but other extinguishing agents can be used. Multi-wheeled axle vehicles often have fires caused because one or more of the tyres on the same hub may contain the wrong pressure/deflate. Wheel bearings and faulty brakes can cause similar problems. Note: Any additional trailer which is towed is classed as an individual vehicle and requires additional extinguishers. Furthermore, when selecting the type of extinguisher consideration must be taken as to what product is being transported and the compatibility of the extinguisher and the product. Training All drivers must have undergone instruction in the use and operation of the fire extinguishers and PPE equipment, which they may need, to use in an emergency in the course of their employment.

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Inspection All fire extinguishers must be checked and tested according to Australian Standard. In particular dry chemical powder fire extinguishers must be checked and periodically shaken upside down to loosen the contents, which may compact after a period of time. After use, even when only partially used, fire extinguishers must be refilled/repressurised.

Hazards If one or more of the following is present then a breathing hazard exists: Deficiency in Oxygen Vapour or Gas Contamination Particle or Dust Contamination Breathing apparatus must comply with Australian standard AS 1715/1716 and it is the owner and the prime contractor’s responsibility to ensure that any person who may be called to use this apparatus is fully trained in its fitting and operation.

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PART 13

PROCEDURES DURING

ROAD TRANSPORT

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CHAPTER 13.1 – PROCEDURES DURING TRANSPORT

BREAKDOWN & REPAIRS (ADG 13.1.2)

If a vehicle carrying dangerous goods breaks down on a street or road which constitutes a hazard to other road users.

The driver must operate the vehicle hazard lights (or the parking lights); and Place warning triangles to warn other road users as per ADG 13.1.2.2. The driver must inform the owner of the vehicle once the area is safe then it is the

owner’s responsibility to recover the vehicle in a safe manner as soon as reasonably practicable.

The driver must remain with the vehicle until it can be removed from the area. General Precautions during Transport PASSENGERS (ADG 13.1.3.1) No person apart from the following may ride in the cabin of a road vehicle transporting dangerous goods: (a) an authorised officer, police officer or officer of an emergency service, or a person

authorised to ride in the vehicle by such a person; or (b) an employee of, or other person authorised to ride in the vehicle by, the owner of the

vehicle or the prime contractor. PARKING (ADG 13.1.3.2.1) The driver, when parking vehicles carrying dangerous goods must ensure that: Not within 15 m of a building where there is likely to be a concentration of people other

than loading/unloading

At any other place in which there is or is likely to be a concentration of people

Not within 8 m of a placard load dangerous goods vehicle.

WHERE A VEHICLE MAY BE PARKED (ADG 13.1.3.2.2.2)

A road vehicle transporting dangerous goods may be parked or left standing:

(a) It is reasonably necessary to do so: (i) for the purpose of loading or unloading dangerous goods onto or from the vehicle;

(ii) because the vehicle has broken down;

(iii) because of a dangerous situation involving the vehicle;

(iv) to comply with the requirement of any law;

(v) for a brief rest or refreshment break;

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(vi) for the normal operation of the vehicle, such as a bitumen spray vehicle; and the vehicle is not parked or left standing for any longer than is necessary and the dangerous goods are kept secure.

When transporting dangerous goods of Division 2.1 or Classes 3, 4 and 5 or any substance which has a subsidiary risk of Division 2.1 or Class 3, 4 or 5 the vehicle must not be parked or left within 15 m of a naked flame. (ADG 13.1.3.2.2.3) UNLOADING (ADG 13.1.3.3) Unless the consignee (receiver) or his agent is present to receive the dangerous goods or prior arrangements have been made to unload in a secure place, the dangerous goods are not to be discharged. DETACHING A TRAILER FROM A PRIME MOVER OR COMBINATION ROAD VEHICLE (ADG 13.1.3.4)

Semi-trailers must not be uncoupled from a prime mover or combination vehicle unless: At a vehicle marshalling area designated by the local or state authority, used or loading

or unloading vehicles; At a transport depot; Immediate exchange of trailers is being carried out between prime movers; In an emergency the semi-trailer must be secured to prevent movement and security is

maintained; In the event the vehicle becomes disabled on a road. ROUTES (ADG 13.1.4)

Routes should be selected to minimise the risk of personal injury or harm to the environment or property during the journey.

Routes should wherever practicable avoid heavily populated or environmentally sensitive areas, congested crossings, tunnels, narrow streets, alleys, or sites where there may be, a concentration of people.

Important note: If you are required to transport dangerous goods in another State/Territory, you need to contact the relevant Competent Authority for that State/Territory to know their tunnel restrictions.

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Harmful Gases/Vapours The procedure for loading/unloading dangerous goods may create a concentration of flammable, toxic or harmful gases or vapours when in an enclosed vehicle or container. Will be unloaded/loaded into an enclosed space as follows: The space must be well ventilated and free of any dangerous concentrations; or

Protective clothing and respiratory protection must be provided and worn if necessary before entering the vehicle load compartment or container.

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EMERGENCIES TRANSPORT EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN – TERP In the event of an emergency i.e. spillage, fire etc. involving dangerous goods it is the driver's responsibility to follow certain procedures as follows:

Follow information in the Emergency Procedure Guide or equivalent

3

4Follow procedures in Emergency Plan

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RESPONSIBILITIES (IN AN EMERGENCY) The Prime Contractor The prime contractor and consignor of dangerous goods for transport by road must ensure that in the event of an incident, a written emergency plan is available to take up any emergency situation that arises.

When implementing this service, consideration must be given to the hazards of the particular dangerous goods being transported so that any methods of controlling the hazards can be relayed without delay to the caller. Furthermore if the caller is a member of the emergency services it is essential that at least one suitably trained person, who is competent to assist in controlling the emergency, can go to the scene of the emergency without delay with any special equipment needed to contain and/or recover the dangerous goods. The Driver It is the driver’s responsibility to report the incident as soon as possible to the nearest relevant emergency service if the incident creates a dangerous situation. In the event of an incident with a vehicle carrying dangerous goods, it is the driver’s responsibility to take all practicable steps including: (a) Compliance with the emergency procedure guides. (b) Display the reflector signals in accordance with the ADG Code. (c) Provide assistance and information to the emergency services including the emergency

procedure guides and transport documentation. (d) Follow the emergency plan.

EMERGENCY ACTION CODE GUIDE (ADG FIG B3 APPENDIX C) The Hazchem Code provides a quick and simple guide on what action needs to be taken in the event of an emergency. It is invaluable to the emergency services and prioritises the actions to be taken.

When transporting dangerous goods the Code can be found on EIPs (Emergency Information Panels), on the product EPGs (Emergency Procedure Guides) and on some packages.

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Appendix C Hazchem Interpretation

The number indicates the suitable equipment for firefighting and where appropriate for diluting a spillage as follows:

1 - Coarse water spray 2 - Fine water spray

3 - Foam 4 - Dry agent - Alcohol resistant foam

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Where the letter “E” follows the appropriate Hazchem letter the evacuation of people from the neighbourhood of an incident should be considered.

Where breathing apparatus is indicated protective gloves shall be worn.

"Dilute" indicates the substance may be diluted with large quantities of water.

Whereas "dilute" originally allowed the diluted substance to be washed away this is no longer accepted practice for environmental reasons. Wherever practicable, diluted substances should be contained and prevented from entering water courses and drains.

"Contain" indicates the need to prevent any spillage from entering drains and

watercourses.

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MULTI-LOADS EMERGENCY HAZCHEM CODE (ADG APPENDIX C)

UN NO. MULTILOAD COMPOSITE HAZCHEM CODE IN AN EMERGENCY DIAL 000, POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE

SPECIALIST ADVICE: NATIONWIDE TRAINING (08) 9445 7766

ASSIGNING HAZCHEM CODES TO MULTI-LOADS To determine the combined Hazchem Code for more than one bulk receptacle on or within a vehicle:

The number forming the first character is the highest number occurring. For example if you had a 1 and a 2 in your two separate Hazchem Code, you use the number 2.

If one of the multi-load Hazchem is a 2 or 3 and has a bullet in one of the Hazchem Codes for alcohol resistance, you must include the bullet. If one of the loads has a 4 in the Hazchem do not include the bullet.

If there are different letters compare the first letter horizontally and the second letter vertically where the two intersect this is the appropriate hazchem letter. If there are additional letters follow the same criteria.

If the letter ‘E’ appears on any of the Hazchem Codes, ‘E’ must be the last character.

Table C2.7.2.1: Code chart for determination of emergency action codes for multi-loads

P R S T W X Y Z P P P P P W W W W R P R P R W X W X S P P S S W W Y Y T P R S T W X Y Z W W W W W W W W W X W X W X W X W X Y W W Y Y W W Y Y Z W X Y Z W X Y Z

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Hazchem Code for Multi-loads (Exercise Purposes Only)

.

Answer: .……………………..

UN No.

IN EMERGENCY DIAL 000, POLICE OR FIRE BRIGADE

HAZCHEM

SPECIALIST ADVICE

4Z 2RE 2SE1S

……………………

…………..

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Appendix outlining specific regulations affecting drivers

Part 3 — Transport of dangerous goods to which Special Provisions apply

49. Duty on drivers

A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting dangerous goods if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that —

(a) a Special Provision applies to the transport of the goods; and

(b) the transport of the goods does not comply with the Special Provision.

Penalty: a fine of $5 000.

Division 4 — Offences relating to general packaging

67. Duty on drivers

A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting dangerous goods in any general packaging if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the packaging is damaged or defective to the extent that it is not safe to use to transport the goods by road.

Penalty: a fine of $5 000.

Part 5 — Consignment procedures Division 2 — Placarding

115. Duty on drivers

(1) A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting dangerous goods if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that —

(a) the goods are a placard load; and

(b) the load is not appropriately placarded.

Penalty for this subregulation: a fine of $10 000.

(2) A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting a

placard load if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the placarding of the load is false or misleading in a material particular.

Penalty for this subregulation: a fine of $10 000.

(3) A person must not drive a road vehicle that is, or that

incorporates, a cargo transport unit that is placarded as if it were a placard load if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the vehicle does not contain dangerous goods.

Penalty for this subregulation: a fine of $10 000.

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Part 7 — Transport operations relating to certain dangerous goods and empty packaging

125. Duty on drivers

(1) A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting dangerous goods to which this Part applies if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the dangerous goods are not being transported in accordance with the ADG Code Chapter 7.1.

Penalty for this subregulation: a fine of $3 000.

(2) A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting empty dangerous goods packaging if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the dangerous goods are not being transported in accordance with the ADG Code Chapter 7.2.

Penalty for this subregulation: a fine of $3 000.

Part 8 — Stowage and restraint

129. Duty on drivers

(1) A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting a load that contains dangerous goods and that is a placard load if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the goods or their packaging have not been stowed or loaded, or are not restrained, in accordance with the ADG Code Chapter 8.1.

(2) A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting dangerous goods in a cargo transport unit if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the goods or their packaging are not restrained in accordance with the ADG Code Chapter 8.2.

Penalty: a fine of $3 000.

Part 9 — Segregation

136. Duty on drivers

A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting dangerous goods if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that —

(a) the road vehicle is, in the same journey, transporting incompatible goods; and

(b) the dangerous goods are not segregated from the incompatible goods in accordance with —

(i) the ADG Code Part 9; or

(ii) any determination made under regulation 18(a); or

(iii) any approval given under regulation 138.

Penalty: a fine of $3 000.

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Part 10 — Bulk transfer of dangerous goods

140. Duty on transferors — hose assemblies

(1) A person must not use a hose assembly for the bulk transfer of dangerous goods if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the hose assembly is damaged or defective to the extent that it is not safe to use to transfer the goods.

Penalty: a fine of $10 000.

(2) A person must not use a hose assembly for the bulk transfer of dangerous goods if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the hose assembly —

(a) has not been constructed, assembled or maintained in accordance with the ADG Code Chapter 10.1; or

(b) has not been inspected or tested at the intervals, or in the way, required under that Chapter; or

(c) has not satisfied a test required under that Chapter.

Penalty: a fine of $5 000.

141. Duty on transferors — general

(1) A person who transfers dangerous goods by bulk transfer must ensure that the goods are transferred in accordance with the ADG Code Chapter 10.2.

(2) A person must not transfer dangerous goods by bulk transfer if the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that —

(a) the receiving receptacle or the transfer equipment is incompatible with the dangerous goods; or

(b) the receiving receptacle contains incompatible goods.

(3) If, during a bulk transfer of dangerous goods, the goods leak, spill or accidentally escape, the person transferring the goods —

(a) must immediately stop transferring the goods; and

(b) must not resume transferring the goods until the conditions that caused the leak, spill or escape have been rectified.

Penalty: a fine of $5 000.

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Division 2 — Emergency information

160. Duty on drivers

(1) A person must not drive a road vehicle transporting a placard load if —

(a) the road vehicle is not equipped with an emergency information holder that complies with the ADG Code Chapter 11.2; or

(b) the required emergency information provided by the consignor of the goods, or by the prime contractor for the transport of the goods, is not in the holder.

Penalty: a fine of $3 000.

(2) The driver of a road vehicle transporting a placard load must ensure that the road vehicle’s emergency information holder contains only —

(a) the required emergency information; and

(b) the transport documentation for the goods.

Penalty: a fine of $1 500.

(3) The driver of a road vehicle transporting a placard load must produce the required emergency information for inspection by a DGO, a police officer or an emergency service officer, if the officer asks the driver to produce the information for inspection.

Penalty: a fine of $3 000.

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Nationwide Training Book Shop is Available Online!

ORDER YOUR Industry Resources TODAY for fast delivery to all states in

Australia

Visit our website nationwidetraining.com.au for the NT Book Shop or Phone: 08 9445 7766

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Notes: