d4-3: the endocrine system. you and your endocrine system endocrine system a collection of glands...

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D4-3: The Endocrine System

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Page 1: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

D4-3: The Endocrine System

Page 2: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

You and Your Endocrine System Endocrine System

A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis.

Page 3: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

I. Hormones as Chemical Signals Our endocrine system is made up of glands, which are

a group of cells that make special chemicals for the body.

The glands secrete hormones, which are substances that are made in one cell or tissue and that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body.

Hormones are able to move very quickly, because of the bloodstream in our systematic circulation.

Page 4: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

I. Hormones as Chemical Signals The Adrenal Glands

These glands release a specific type of hormone called epinephrine, or adrenaline.

This chemical increases your heart rate and breathing.

This response is often called the “fight-or-flight” response.

When we get frightened, angry, or excited, this response prepares us to fight the approaching danger or “run for our lives!!”

Page 5: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

I. Hormones as Chemical Signals

Page 6: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

II. More Endocrine Glands Your endocrine system is made up of several glands and

organs including: Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus gland Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries and Testes

Page 7: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

II. More Endocrine Glands Pituitary Gland

Located in your brain Stimulates skeletal growth Assists in the function of

the thyroid gland Regulates the amount of

water in blood Stimulates the birth

process in women

Page 8: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

II. More Endocrine Glands Thyroid Gland

Important for childhood Control the secretion of

growth hormones for normal body growth

Controls the growth of the CNS Metabolism

The sum of all the chemical processes that take place in an organism.

Page 9: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

II. More Endocrine Glands Parathyroid Glands

Regulates Calcium Levels in blood

Thymus Immune System

Killer T cells grow and mature here

Assist by destroying or neutralizing substances that invade the body

Page 10: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

II. More Endocrine Glands Adrenal Glands

Produce epinephrine (adrenaline) Help the body respond to danger

Pancreas Regulate blood-glucose levels

Ovaries (in females)-Estrogen Produce hormones needed for reproduction

Testes (in males)-Testosterone Produce hormones needed for reproduction

Page 11: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

III. Controlling the Endocrine Glands These glands have similar feedback mechanisms that the

nervous system has. Your pancreas produce two different hormones that

control the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin

Lowers blood-glucose levels by telling the liver to convert glucose into glucagon and store for future use.

GlucagonThis hormone tells the liver to convert glucagon into

glucose and to release it into the blood. (The opposite affect of Insulin)

Page 12: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

III. Controlling the Endocrine Glands

Let’s take a look at Figure 3 on p.96 to see how this feedback mechanism works!

Page 13: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

IV. Hormone Imbalances An endocrine gland can sometimes make too much or

not enough of a hormone, which causes the body to be unbalanced.

Diabetes mellitus When a person’s body does not produce enough insulin

must take daily injections of insulin to keep his or her blood-glucose level within safe limits.

If this person does not receive these shots, they can sometimes slip into a coma and dies of this condition.

Page 14: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

IV. Hormone Imbalances Pituitary Gland

Sometimes if a person’s pituitary gland does not produce enough of a growth hormone, their growth can often be stunted.

If this is detected early, growth hormones are prescribed by doctors and monitor his or her growth.

If this gland produces too much of the growth hormone, a child may grow taller than expected.

Page 15: D4-3: The Endocrine System. You and Your Endocrine System  Endocrine System  A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate

IV. Hormone ImbalancesDIABETES PITUITARY GLAND IMBALANCE