PREPARED BY: MAITRI. R. MUNJPARAROLL NO. : 19SEMESTER: 2YEAR: 2013-14PAPER NAME & NO. : 7. LITERARY THEORY AND CRITICISMTOPIC: A NEW COMPUTER ASSISTED LITERARY CRITICISMSUBMITTED TO: DEPT. OF ENGLISH

MAHARAJA KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI

BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY.

MARIE-LAURE RYAN & HER MAJOR WORK

MARIE LAURE RYAN ARGUES ON CYBERSPACE TEXTUALITY

HER REMARKS ON TO RESEARCH ON LANGUAGE OF THE SCREEN

CLASSIFICATION OF DISCOURSE & LITERARY GENRES:

* Figure in the field of Video Game Studies and electronic Literature.

* He was born in Bergen, Norway in 1965.

* His main work was Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature.

* It was actually his doctorate thesis.

* In simple term Ergodic Literature means a text that requires non-trivial effort to be traversed.

* Aporia & Epiphany: Doom & Speaking Clock: The Temporality of Ergodic Arts.

ESPEN. J. AARSETH

* ‘Ergodic’: “is appropriated from physics, & it is constituted by the two Greek words Ergos- ‘Work’ and Hodos- ‘Path’

* Cybertext are not exclusively electronic or digital.

* A machine for the production of variety and expression.

* Traditional reader simply does not have the same degree of influence

* Games are labyrinths and worlds, rather than representations.

* Metaphoric labyrinth vs. Actual Labyrinth(novel).

* Text exists between operator, verbal sign and medium.

* Text as machine with different parts and users.

ERGODIC DISCOURSE

* Experience of the audience would be individual.

* In interpretational sense, are singular as far as the material sign production is concerned.

* The experience sequence of signs does not come out in a fixed pattern.

* Every individual system have some degree, individual medium and individual message.

* The ergodic work is also individualized on the audience level.

* Different audience at different time may have experienced very few have same sign vehicles.

IF WE LOOK THROUGH THE CONTEXT OF VIDEO GAMES:

ONTOLOGICAL QUESTION:

CAN WE STILL TALK ABOUT THE SAME WORK?

IS A WORK IN WHICH TWO ACTUAL READERS DO NOT ENCOUNTER A SINGLE COMMON WORD, STILL RECOGNIZABLE AS THE SAME

WORK?

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* “The relationship between the narrative and the ergodic is dialectic, not dichotomic. Narrative Structures and elements can be found in ergodic works, and narrative works may contain ergodic features, to the extent that only a single element from one mode is found in work belonging to other”.

* The French Lieutenanat’s Woman- A Postmodern historical fiction by John Fowles.

* The Unfortunates - an experimental "book in a box" published in 1969 by English author B. S. Johnson

* An animated & static beginning of a graphical adventure game where the players is not yet in control of the character’s action.

* Dangers of misunderstanding the aesthetic of ergodic art as it goes changing one art to another.

AARSETH VIEWS ON TRADITIONAL THEORIES:

MATTHEW JOCKERS: MICROANALYSIS

WHAT IS MICROANALYSIS?

* During an interview with NBC News:

* “We need to go beyond our traditional practise of close reading and go out to a different scale”.

* “The traditional practise of close reading we allows us to look at the bark on trees, While micro analytic allows us to see the whole forest.”

* Introduces large scale literary computing and the revolutionary potential of microanalysis- A new approach to the study of literary record.

* Microanalysis is a really a showcase for the range and the potential of what the author calls “Big Data” literary study.

MATTHEW JOCKERS VIEWS ON MICROANALYSIS:

* Jane Austen and Sir Walter Scott are rated very highly for originality and influence.

* Other powerful patterns emerge: Female authors, for instance, were grouped closely at one end of the book space, even though their gender was not part of how they were placed.

* Female authorship is indeed detectable, not just by well-honed human intuition but by objective measures.

MORE ABOUT MICROANALYSIS:

AIDEN AND MICHELUNCHARTED: BIG DATA AS A LENS ON HUMAN CULTURE 

* Big data revolution is about how we look at ourselves.

* enable creation of new scope that make it possible for our society to more effectively probe its own nature.

* Big data is going to change the humanities, transform the social sciences and the relationship between the world of commerce and the ivory tower.

* The word “I Want” is compared to the word “I Need”.

* In 1970s, the word “Cancer” has been used 1000 times more than the word “Fever”.

* Let us see graphical presentation of these examples

CULTUROMICS

A VERY BIG THANK YOU TO ALL