current status of nuclear power introduction in kazakhstan · current status of nuclear power...

International Atomic Energy Agency

Institute of Atomic EnergyInstitute of Atomic EnergyNational Nuclear Center , Republic of KazakhstanNational Nuclear Center , Republic of Kazakhstan

Current Status of Nuclear Power Introduction in Current Status of Nuclear Power Introduction in KazakhstanKazakhstan

Kenzhin E., DirectorVurim A., Deputy Director

Vienna, 14-17 June, 2010

IAE NNC Republic of Kazakhstan - International Atomic Energy Agency

Structure of Kazakhstan Electric Power and Energy SourcesStructure of Kazakhstan Electric Power and Energy Sources

“Perfect” structure of electric power in terms of energy sources diversification

and energy security of the countryHPP; 12% Hydrocarbon; 87%

NPP; 0%

HPP; 15%Hydrocarbon;

55%

Other; 10%

NPP; 20%

Uranium; 46,3%

Oil; 8,8%

Coal; 34,2%

Natural gas; 6,5%

Mineral tar; 4,2%

Stock of energy sources in Kazakhstan in equivalent fuel

Current Status of Kazakhstan Electric Power

2


Maximum Base Power, MW2015 2020 2025 2030

Generation capacity of the required new power plant 600 2200 4500 6600

North Kazakhstan (Kostanay) 0 1000 1500 2000East Kazakhstan (Kurchatov) 0 600 600 900South Kazakhstan (Balkhash, Taraz) - - 1500 2500West Kazakhstan (Aktau) 600 600 900 1200

Preliminary definition of NPP construction sites and total power was carried out on the basis of data on electric power balances of Kazakhstan and prediction of power grids development until 2030.

According to JSC KazSRPIFPS “Energy” data, maximum power of new plants used for operation in a base mode, should be 6600 MWe by 2030. During estimation performance it was supposed that base power shortage will be covered due to nuclear power plant construction.

Overview of National Power Supply System Overview of National Power Supply System and Electric Power Consumption and Electric Power Consumption

3


Schematic Map of Power GridsSchematic Map of Power Grids

2009 (fact) 2010 2012 2015 2020Electric power consumption, kWh bln 77.9 82.2 85.0 104.1 124.5Electric power generation, kWh bln 78.4 84.0 85.3 105.1 127.2

Long-term Electricity Balance Plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan

4


Current Status of Nuclear Power EngineeringCurrent Status of Nuclear Power Engineering

• Significant quantity of explored uranium reserves, which is basic power resource in total balance of country (19 % of world sources and takes 3rd place in the world).

• Advanced uranium-mining and processing industries on production of uranium concentrates, uranium dioxide and fuel pellets for power reactors. High-qualified personnel with experience of BN-350 reactor operation and decommissioning (National Nuclear Company ”Kazatomprom”).

• Infrastructure for carrying-out of fundamental and applied researches in the area of nuclear power engineering and nuclear physics, including the substantiation of nuclear power safety and tests of fuel and core elements for power reactors. High-qualified specialists with experience of research reactors operation (National Nuclear Center of RK).

• Legal and regulatory framework that controls main aspects of activities on peaceful uses of atomic energy and conforms to IAEA requirements.

• Draft of Nuclear Branch Development Program in the Republic of Kazakhstan within 2010-2020.

Preconditions of NPP introduction:Preconditions of NPP introduction:

5


Nuclear Power Legal FrameworkNuclear Power Legal FrameworkRatified International Conventions• Convention on Nuclear Safety (February 2010)• Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (February 2010)• Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (February 2010)• Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (February 2010)• Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (March 2009)

Laws• Law on nuclear power using (April 1997)• Law on radiation protection of population (April 1998)• Law on licensing (January 2007)Concept• Concept on development of the uranium industry and nuclear power in Kazakhstan within 2002-2030 (August 2002).

Program (draft) • Republic of Kazakhstan Nuclear Branch Development within 2010-2020 (preliminary endorsed by the Kazakhstan's Government)

6


Nuclear BranchNuclear Branch Development Program (main directions)Development Program (main directions)

I. Nuclear power developmentinfrastructure creation of development of nuclear power NPP constructions

II. Nuclear industry developmentvertically-integrated company of the nuclear fuel cycle creationNPP technological and reactor equipment manufacturing creation

III. Nuclear science developmentbasic and applied science development

IV. Community health and environmental protectionelimination of radiation hazard on former nuclear test sites and other

territories . Radiological monitoring of future NPP’s sites

7


Nuclear BranchNuclear Branch Development Program (main results)Development Program (main results)

1. NPP will be constructed and commissioned by 2020.2. Vertically-integrated company of the nuclear fuel cycle with possibility of nuclear

reactor components and equipment manufacturing will be created.3. Demonstration High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor will be constructed and

commissioned by 2019.4. Scientific-technical support of nuclear branch development with using of modern

experimental base will be ensured.5. Radioactive waste treatment infrastructure with using of modern nuclear

technologies will be created by 2015.6. Rehabilitation actions on former nuclear test sites territory will be provided and its

radiation safety will be ensured by 2020.7. Human resource development system for nuclear branch will be functioned.

8


Organization of National NP ProgramOrganization of National NP Program

Ministry of Industry and New TechnologiesMinistry of Industry and New Technologies

KAEKAENATIONAL ATOMIC NATIONAL ATOMIC POWER COMPANYPOWER COMPANY

KazatompromKazatompromNNCNNC

Nuclear Power safety oversight,

nonproliferationsupporting

NPP building and operating, technical

oversight

Uranium prospecting and mining, nuclear

fuel production

Scientific-technical base of branch development ,

education, Kazakhstan’s nuclear

competence assurance

NUCLEAR BRANCH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

GOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTANGOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

9


National Organizations in NP ProgramNational Organizations in NP ProgramKazakhstan Atomic Energy Committee is the Nuclear Regulatory Body of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The principal fields of activity of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan are radioecology, nuclear power engineering and NPP safety, nuclear physics and radiation material science, nuclear-physical methods and high-end technologies, geophysics and non-proliferation, personnel training. NNC includes: Institute of Nuclear Physics, Institute of Atomic Energy, Institute of Geophysical Research, Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Baikal Enterprise, Kazakh State Research and Production Center of Explosive Operations.National Nuclear Company Kazatomprom is general operator of export and import of uranium and its compounds, nuclear fuel for nuclear power stations, special equipment and technologies, and dual-use materials. Currently, the company employs more than 25,000 people. Kazatomprom is one of the world’s leading uranium production companies includes 20 enterprises working in the nuclear industry.

10


Role of IAEA and external consultants to Role of IAEA and external consultants to supportsupport development of national NP programdevelopment of national NP program

On 15 September 2009 in frame of 53rd IAEA General Conference the Kazakh Deputy Energy and Mineral Resources Minister, Aset Magauov and IAEA Deputy Director General and Head of Department of Technical Cooperation, Ana Maria Cetto, signed Kazakhstan-IAEA framework program on technical cooperation for 2010-2015.

The Kazakhstan-Russian Nuclear Stations JSC is a proprietor of design and technical documents, construction technology and the right to promote the VBER-300 nuclear reactor on the world market. The Joint-Stock Company was established in October 2006. Its founders are Kazatomprom and Atomstroiexport. One of the aims of Nuclear Stations is to provide the country with energy security by developing, and bringing into life, innovative projects for nuclear power plant units and nuclear power plants.

In April 2007 two Agreements with Japan related to assistance in building nuclear power plants, one between Japan Atomic Power Co, KAEC, Kazatomprom and NNC, the other between Toshiba Corp and Kazatomprom were signed.

In June 2008 a further agreement on high-temperature gas-cooled reactor research was initialed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and the Kazakhstan Atomic Energy Committee, focused on small cogeneration plants.

11


PrePre--FS for Substantiation of NPP Construction FS for Substantiation of NPP Construction

Within 2006-2009 Pre-FS for Substantiation of NPP Construction in Kazakhstan was conducted.Tasks :1.World nuclear power review.2.Determination of new power plants used for operation in a base mode and unit power.3.Determination of regions perspective for NPP construction. 4.Reactor type selection.5.Perspective reactors review (nuclear, radiation and environmental safety).6. Construction cost and electricity generation cost estimation.

12


Regions Perspective for NPP ConstructionRegions Perspective for NPP Construction

Kurchatov NPP

Taraz NPP

Kostanai NPP

Aktau NPP

Balkhash NPP

Schematic Map of Power Grids of Kazakhstan Joint Power System up to 2030.

13


Positioning of the Electric Power Plant at Each SitePositioning of the Electric Power Plant at Each Site

• The place where the main transmission lines are connected with electric power system

• The place where electricity demand is available (near big city with a lot of power consumption)

• The place having cooling water source, transportation infrastructure, seismic conditions, etc.

Kostanay Kurchatov

Balkhash

Taraz

Aktau

West

North

South

EastTransmission line «North Kazakhstan –

Aktubinskaya obl.»

14


Site EvaluationSite Evaluation

The evaluation items is confirmed as same as those included in ”Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plant” in Safety Series of No.50-SG-S9 issued by IAEA.

15


Unit PowerUnit Power

1. It’s possible to use 600….1000 MWe units in case of Kazakhstan’s and Russia’s energy systems joint operation and transmission lines improvement.

2. Large unit is more economical by scale-effect.3. Maximum unit power validation needs additional complex evaluations

of static and dynamic stability of electric power grid in case of NPP operation.

4. It’s needs to compare the cost of electric power grid improvement and the economical effect of large units using.

16


Number of UnitsNumber of Units

The highestdemand growth

2015 2020 2025 20302

(2)

(6)

(9)

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0

Newly

requ

ired e

lectric

ity (M

We)

2 2 4

The lowest demand growth

2015 2020 2025 20301 1

(2)

(5)

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0Ne

wly re

quire

d elec

tricity

(MW

e)2 3

(In frames) - Unit Output = 600MWeWithout frames - Unit Output = 300MWe at the West region

17


LWR’s is the main type of modern nuclear power reactors.There aren't Generation III, III+ reactors of required power (600…1000 MWe) on the market (except AP600). It’s possible to develop acceptable project on the base of existing LWR.

Unit power, MWe1 000

ABWR (1 350)

EPR (1 600)

APWR (1 530)

AP1000 (1 100)

ESBWR (1 550)

ATMEA1 (1 100)

- BWR- PWR

~800

3 петли?

GE-Hitachi, Toshiba

4 петли

4 петли

3 петли

2 петли

AREVAWH (Toshiba)

MHI

GE-Hitachi

ATMEA (AREVA/MHI)

600

Required power for Kazakhstan

In operation

Under construction

Design stageAP600 (600)

2 петли

WH (Toshiba)ВВЭР-1200 (1 200)

ОКБ Гидропресс4 петли

Perspective Designs of NPPPerspective Designs of NPP

18


Perspective Designs of NPPPerspective Designs of NPPReactor Design VBER-300 ABWR EPR APWR AP-600 АР-1000Power, MWe 295 1350 1600 1538 600 1150

Vendor, country OKBM, Russia

GE, Hitachi, ToshibaUSA, Japan

AREVA NP, France

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd

Westinghouse, USA

Project status Developing Developed Developed Conceptual design developed

Certified by the NRC

Existing operating no Japan no no no no

Existing construction

no Japan, Taiwan Finland, France, China

Investigation of construction of 3 unit in Japan and 1 unit

in USA

no China

Other May be used in isolated energy systems (Aktau)

Possibility of scaling till 960MWe and 650 MWe

Possibility of scaling till 1000MWe and 600MWe

Possibility of scaling till 1000MWe and 600MWe

May be used in Kazakhstan

ABWR1350 is the only one of the Generation III+ reactor which operated from November 1996. ABWR design makes it possible to reduce of power by simple methods.

19


Construction Cost and Electricity Generation Cost EstimationConstruction Cost and Electricity Generation Cost Estimation

ABWR ABWR (960 MWe) ABWR (650 MWe)$ million $/kW $ million $/kW

Construction cost 2991 3116 2583 3974Electricity generation cost, cent/kWh 3,1 3,73

APWR APWR (1000 MWe) APWR (600 MWe)$ million $/kW $ million $/kW

Construction cost 3167 3167 2698 4497 Electricity generation cost, cent/kWh 3,13 4,11

EPR EPR (1000 MWe) EPR (600 MWe)$ million $/kW $ million $/kW

Construction cost 3224 3224 2791 4652 Electricity generation cost, cent/kWh 3,17 4,21

AP600/1000 AP1000 (1200 MWe) AP600 (600 MWe)$ million $/kW $ million $/kW

Construction cost 3484 2903 2681 4469Electricity generation cost, cent/kWh 2,94 4,09

Conditions: discount rate - 4%, availability – 85%, useful life – 40 years

20


NPP Construction PlanNPP Construction PlanConstruction plan was made considering international experience of NPP construction taken from IAEA documents. Policy decision to build first NPP should be made considering project preparation and construction duration not less 11 years.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Start of studyDecision making

about project implementation

Application for reactor construction permit

Study and conceptual design

Agreement conclusion

Government approval

Contract

Basic design & Licensing design

Start construction

Reactor construction

permit

Safety assessment

Detail design

Construction and commissioning

Fuel loading

Commercial operation

21


Major Problems of NPP Introduction in KazakhstanMajor Problems of NPP Introduction in Kazakhstan

• Large reserves and low cost of fossil fuel.• Lack of Generation III, III+ reactor with the required power range.• Relatively high construction cost of NPP and electricity generation cost.• Restriction of NPP unit capacity of present electric power systems (spinning reserve restrictions, long distance and low transfer capability of transmission power lines).

• “Green” motif at public opinion against NPP.

22

current status of nuclear power introduction in kazakhstan · current status of nuclear power...

Documents