Bale lL*tL393-s 01 03

Contents

KNshhiri P'ndi6 and lndt!k Cultur'l tadilions

Kashhiri Psndits ttroughllistort: FronlheEarlvTincs to 19'l?

Ibhinusupir and lheShlirireTradnion otrltr Si'add Deix

So.irlsfucrure lnd Cultu'llld'nntv of K'stniri Ptndits

R.ligious Rituah 'nd

RilmlAds ofKsshnin llindus

(ashnirt Contriburlon toS'nskrir Pockv rnd Pocrica

SontKrshnlrt Pandll liistorlographer

shrin6 rnd P ilsrimrge Pl lccs

anrrnrrh Th. Abode ofthocod oflmnrorttlirv

vii

101

'

3.1

t0.

Currunar HBnrraceOF

KRSTTttltTRI PANDITS

Edit"d bi

S.S. Toshkhani and

,lsn.d ,nd.t the auspi* afHIIIIALAYAN RESEARCH AND CULTUTIAI- FOUNDATTON

K Warikoo

0,!tfl.I{G l ,0fl{S S

Preface

Krshfrtr k nol tumly ascd{Fce.bur n ftc sco cultur'lnsti\ fsn which lhought ard

od.lDLc b'"Ji- rh^ '$' n he.o '' n" of pe". d'_r ' ded n'

a.r rl i' r.i/r.,l.ho' I_LconoDrr'. T o ' \a r!o r hTi

*r^ld -"*'arJH ?lJ otr. orl -ded'D'i';oS'b'. *-.;, '."\".".

r*.0.-'' i. elrri I rh'

NvaEncssorihisseo8Ephy$disa.rus.lladorinddcnnininglhefimUcolthcnselv$aMlhsfso.ir!andculturdnicnliry lnthis sens, n.mbe*idthxinorcdff r l'ndscapo'

Kashmf hdbeernnlidsapcordhcrrnldeogamcPrcsentingculiunlsvndrcfr's*hoscdeaninss lchoed far beyond i$ fhysicrlbod s crN in dissnt lands The hnlory ol

Kshmi;iPaMits h.s been synoiymous for a larsr psr with rhc deep corc olrhe ralues

dsned ftom this intifr.q' 6d*cci nan and oitu't'Thk h:sbccnund.rl ned bv $.consendionbv 6c KadmiriPardnsofthcnhnd as

inenbodimc ollhn.!.rhe&ulhroofHinlla]rs,anJhcrdilinccoDsonShivr I'e'hDs

rb is sh' {ltrt ancienficxrs rcpcdcdly crLl it Kaslnnir rtl.r&/', a iame $a( cncods s|rrllal

""a.-p',orl.*" in l"-".r, *srcd geognphv ThcsvohoLisdth th' r(ii signifis

erompr$sbothlhcseogmpbilaln.rring.fazoNortlaDdand'coslicspltico'ci'lcsnhrhcorcsidingd.iqo.ctrpyiisrhcccnhlspot nrc,J.tr&/'rlsosl'mboli^srsrdin'd.o\mi.;rrnide.!ciltaftodiig!oBtddhis ert,hrvi'Uca"'dorftsidcn'cotrda'/"r'orrcsidc8mirslsopadslnallrhcscconnorsrionsrb!rsir''d"'/'secmsrobc'elev'ntto Kashnir r\ the babit ofilsoriSirrlpeoplc,ihePanJic rlso lno$n s

"{tu s' shosc

hnrory has lreen synoDlmotrs {irli rhcgloncsolrhis land lioD rhr earli's 1lfrcs do*n ro

rhi\d;y li is dry whose irsoiuny iltomin.tcd everv aspcdoflhcculitrnl cllrcs o' nnd

r.,rl'1" cra""'our ottl" UnA Thc taxoionv olKrslnnn '1l4"'/z hm gco_|oLiilcrl

Erni6.dionsrvhen ote takcs inro conslder.rion rhc crlcDded sphcre ol (horirv and

iauen..orrhcvdllcyotrrsidcilstmlo.irlfronlie6Oc.upvi'rercentalpla'cinlltrNondd

uorldofHimalayanculturc, K6hmihascotrlribured irs sereie vision and deep wisdom ro

thc dcvc lopncn! o I is unique tad it ons Prcmpre'l by h istorica I lacton and Eeosmph i.a I

loc.rion, rho p.oplc inhabirhg.his vst zotre bave beef shaiie wnh eacl orherrclieiousbeliels and p6c!i.$, itud bchaviour and mod anitudes, anisr c sryles rtrd archirectoral

leaNrcs, lolklore and byrbi.il hgends rhrough cenories of o$ resionalexchmg* and

soci.l intEiaclions .procc$inwhich rhescholrsricandanisic prodiviries rndaclivitGsolK.shhni Pandirs haveplayed apenasire role Ancieni chmnic lers hav. npcat.dlyrefened ro the inrinate hisloncal and cultuml liDks d,at exised bclw.cn Kashnt rnd Kan8ft,Chambi, Kullu.nd Spiri oneend andTaxila, CatrdhmrndKrbul Vallcy at rhc olh.'.wirhrheKa*oridyistycomingropoNe4rhenoliticalsuzcrainryolKashmfcx(cndcdromany.R in nonh Indlabesids Aaghanisbnrnd pdsofc.nhl Asia Ir*$ indccJ a

.endpelal $orld wirhKashmnlnd iispeople, the Pandits. in tft cmft.Fron.v.ilable lilerary e!ide'ces, Kashmir app3rrs to havc bccn a hub olVcdic

civiliz.tion, lhc grcat Smskil grummarian rrnini s,ls[/d/r]!-vi b.in! thc fi6( {c Fhichmrkesrdircrn.ntionofirsname.Paranjrli,rariDi\famouscomnrcrkrorandcclcbntdautho'ollhe f,g.rr?as, also appea^ b be wellrcquinlcd wirh rhcVallcy aid ns pcoplc

whom he crlhK.r,'r,r .s. Accodireto somes.holan lafunjali binscltbc]ongcd ioKashmn, *hich h.s bc.n idcntincd by zimmer *irli the Munjvanr rcgion Rclcrcdccs !o

Kashmn.rn.ho bc lound r lhe tt rdbl'alar, and a vholc hoi olPudiic lncniulcinclftin9thc^,tatstr, v6ru PoA'tu, vi:h t^nd fxh h.rnahaPnars.ThclsrofthcqNhlch gives rhe nane t'ard$ita or rhc rcgion ofrhc Vilaia ro Kashnir, n bclicvcd ro hrve

bscn Nrilen ir Kdhmn itseltwe neetrheseancientpeople in n.sh md blood lor lhc ld liincon Ihcpags ofthe

N,/an,!, P,,?rr, a slxrh ceDlu.y Srnskir lcxr lrom Kashfr n, riinig rnd co-minglingwirhor her d hnic .nd soclal groups to lay rtu loundalionsol.l$(nN.iviltriiotr on rhc brnks

ollhe Vit.$a, nspned by acommiimcnt to high hun.n ralucs'id in,bucd wiih rspintolsublihny. Thc M/a,,ar, A,ra,, *hich rclalcs 6c lcgcid ol Ktshntrk e.msis lrom ihe

\vd€is olihc pnnordiollakecalledS isr,sivcsapicrurcoldrcrcligiousaMculhnLlifedllheearly Kshn rn, rheiorebearm ollhcprsml Jry KNhDtr PaDdirs, in vividddrilll pdnnys lhcn as elersponiveandjollulpcoplc",lnidgripcrlcciha'ronylirhrhenndraLenvnons rhoseetrrapturing beau(y lhcy oftcn cxccllcd 1i lhotrSlir aM sp;it. They

areshoNn.s libsolnindeda aesL\crically scnsilivc pcoth who celcbmtd numercls

feniuh Rnh gay abandoi aDidstDiucb sinsingmddanriig A dnarkabh rcture ofthensoci.lbehlviourrvsrheaadi'rs*nh*bichlhcls:!crhctrlotrrcDUrmstictdltedomol dovcmcnt ai d acriviq They loved ro lrcqucn I girncns wh $c ncn rnd women sponed

freely dd adofrcd each anorher uifi no$.r sarla'ds.id ciJoycd w ft spons in shich

)oung{oicnscrcespeclallyenjoineduponropaniripdc.Aidof.ourscdtywerepiouslydelorcd ro rhctrCods*howeresonlippcJ innumrons rc lpl.said pla.s orpilgrimrge

,h.'Fdored'\cearr*rt) rneer Kam'shcod'ra l::l:: ;:Iil:.-"'n. *,r.*t",r",r'.A.'pt"n'prcialo'c6Lon\ rn'cn !

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cr, Lremr} nd r (, *N,t;m,o'bre^(u be grusm F. m*. r''.'""L-..""d '' gi-":-';;",,.

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ll"-".*.'"'a" '*' "cPr'a

c(nicorsensli redF'"" [''l.L]l--*.':.""",',";'''''' "*'" '""'q"' '-""ntr 'rch^ 0\e'

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"hora. o g c^'nsba. r e orceJ ,nd 3n' v d 'fl" 'hto""t ""'"t,I '" -'"*". . "*.

,) \" --.,,,^,.i.-'-".u",i"^,t',""t*(s vsmallhui'ulorarrvLnpl,;"'"1;',;": ;, ; ".. ;,.,", "", . . **1.*3** :''.':l : lill':flT: ";i:...",.,,,t". ._.- -"p r r n,!! .ard rh" rddrn tr -f,no'sd",u.e,cr

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-"".*ed tomUr.rseau\r'mpuL's Bcn$ebridmgbro'su

lff "iiil;; .;'":*;"". .' .' . ." ' * - ':':1 'il,; T i;".i::::j:;no, r .ro i' r..r v; *o" e"do', ' "'+ 'cr

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Lam(bondrAc,rhcI're_sr t \eph'loiph!or KAm r:Mliliil -'*ii* -'-ou "'c!rcoo

v"-rndI cwo 'o

pe('" caeurbade

i"H;:J.;;;J'""" ' cio $es ddPelsd! ele*hec rnd or 'u'rr'

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htrm.i Lnrretrlhdrhsbecomeih' b

:"':; ;;-';;'" " " ''" ''""' \ o' K" n - Pe-d'Ln" \rdr\ 'r

o:'PJrr'r' i': s

hGrory of lndiD .n Md thoughl

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At $e socickl hvcl. Kashntr shaivism tjcch 511 dirT*enccs olcanc, crccd rnd gsnder

and.lloss evcryonc ro bc iniri.rcd ifio irs lold Flom vasugute, ro whod lhc lhilosophvsd icvealed in thc gniccDtury in thc lorm ofsttz S,tdr ibscnrinaltxr,roSomananJa,

Bh d ra Kalana, UlpalJcv r and A bh inavaeuFq a linc o lgEar na$c6 erpoundcd, inieqrreled

a'd prcpagared 6c Joct n* ol K6hn ir Shrivism down 1o Ssrmi Lakshmrnj oo in or oqn

tim.s. AbhiMvastrpra, rhc cdrc* olrlEm all, Srve ii I firn epiicmdloEical ard

philosophical lotrnddiotr rnd inlcgare{l irs Jillmnr sc|ooLs Xru a Krla VahdandAz4drrit,inlootrcD,onisri.vnioi,bringi.srhcorrllunddrheflbncofT kr lnre'enr

y.ris. schohn r ctu$ rhc vorLd havc beeD sho$ii g ar inftasinS nrerei in nu dviD g vliou s

Npccsolitsphiloso ymdptuxis TbepreseDrrcluDccr;saninsielntulandlllunrimtingp.pc by rhs \dl ktro*n S.isknt scholar, Dr. Rrjnkh Mshrr on rhc histo'ical,

epistmologicrl. onrologicxl:ndsp..ul!rieeasp.c$ oi Kashmn\Trika Shaivisn

AiotlHclosdy rcldcdshoololntsricphilosothvrhatdcvoloped*irhin rhc roLd olIfh isshakismorrlf MoiherCodde$cu1lNhi.h scxtentlvpopularrmoig Kashmin

H,ndussincercrycdlyrimes NorshipofShakri inhcr'rnil*Mtionsas Shmiko, Rrgrva,

tnpurxaDdhahlonnsrhecomcsroNoirh*nf.irhiitheveryKashminHinduhouseholdbritreorienl.dru\drdsoreorolhqofthesgodJc$csasilslurElarydeitvThccorcconceploarhncuhi\ rhar rltr ulrimare r.aliry n feDriDinc li cscncewiththe lielielhaviigb'co't!n rDteqml pan olxadimniP.ndtrelicious LiL

$ hilc mmy cl.n,cDh ol(h. non dual Shaiva rndition hrve foutrd ihef wav i[to the

i.lnlardrilualsystcnrdopEdbyKashminPrndirs,tlicdurlhdcPuranicmodcofsoKhip! norc \iddy 0rcvrlenl al rhc popular lerd Thc.rnien fom ir rook sas lha!ordttirr,rprr.c,lrNhicl,arue.6rohrvebeenlh.d.dcolvoffhipbeforeAshokaiNr'duced!-J,l!xmliKad,mn.tsythc71r'cemurynudtShrivaTantic dAsamicculGhadDnde

r:i::F$r.trcc The dualis..tiddra,r, Shairism,Rhich h.snaivconcspB.onmoD virh

-::::..61,n shaivrslncn n ato said ro hrvc lDd iis binh inKashmnand*astrcvrknl: : : :.i:\i,ni Hindus in exly timcs Though Shi'ars i popll& deirv liom a vcry r'mo€

r.-.:.::rnism.l$occupiedadomintrl.sirionvirhrdcepimpacronvdtiousrs0(sr.': ::i-hnin Hindus.as indi.^\cdby t\a Nilanata P tnd zad vAhnklhon)attura

: : ::_:: riahciPopdarilyalongNnhsoahipolorhtrsodsofrh!FiMuFniheonr r :: :- :::i!d nrolhcbalkgrcDdandloins imponaDccasrh.domDrntfaithof::: :::: : : : r::::,m\: Tiitri. cuholP'..l,/r/, nounshcd i' ctrdv Kashmf .id'i - : ::l:ltrrshdislintLrhrc l!foundirsexprasioni'rrdroorsiscvldctrt

' .:.. :' i:r::iolrhcfouchcadedVishNolrheearlvncdrcvrlpe'iod.lhclour: : ::: i,r'rrrc dcircsof theculr

r , e ' . PC " 'L 'n N.q ' n eel.(d

r-::: f, :loir.diviryirdifferenrficldsoldandcrprcsion lhedcory::: :: naarr jdhrl,4lJranroliprcbably(hc2idccDto.ttsC gendded

.livelv discussiod !hrousho rhe couDtry aboui rhc rclrrionship b.rwccn rhe acihcric

erpsiercemdrhc.cshdiobjecr,wrhK hnini(hink$risinganddtcnpriigrorcsolrcrheb.!cissues In$.proccssomcollhenodfundamltrLconcepbollndianaerhc{icrhirkingqanEiniobcin!addcryshllizcdinroicosentrhcorvotrnnd.extE$ioi Prolound

thi'kss like Bhatr Lolr!ra, udbhahto, Shl,kukr, Bh{ta Nav:kr, Rudr.!!, Ruvvrki,

vahifra Bhata rnd BharaTaura dofrLnatd rhe dcbalc wirli rlrirperccprive ide and

rgun.n$, giving irr mca iretulditodron Onecan rbu!b. ove h.lncd bv t hcl lhar

all d. schools o I lnd ian a$rlicric ihou ghr Nerc fo mdcd bv Krshnr i.i ..$hcEs r1t'!la'L'dshodlbyBhaD,a ,Rrtshoolby Vmai!, ,/dtzi, sqhool bv Kunrako, D''r'inhoolby Anridaudhana i.d,4,./ii6? rnd ar'idd,/d shooh bv Kshemendn lt Nrs lhN bfll atri

dnosirionolBh rk\coi.cptofrds. byAbhinarasupothrr made tarheo!- inr'lraltorlllndirn.srlieticallhi.knrgxlong{irhAilidaHrdhan.trvolutlonaryconcepiol"w'rio.toeri.$iggesrion.Mrmmirsynlhcsizedallr1ts.hoohNhiLeputingalinalscalo rhc

$Oeney oldr,?ff .-/hla,i thmr) TbisnEkesirimpo$ibleaor.n!!ierorhinkollMianx. l,di.sNirhoullhcsrcarcoDtlbtrriotrrh Kashm ni Pand it th inkes lrxv' marl! ro ii

I' dc fie1d ol.rc.rnt lire Ne also a {hol! Srluvolbniliani Sinsknt Lvrile6

conrprhcd olKrshfrkn Dam od.r.gupb Javanra Bhata. S ofradela. B ilhi da Kalhr na

Ksliemendra.Nrsnkhr, Bhil r, ro iarneotrlv rf$r' I'r tndrhec.rllesiliienrv{ork inihc

bfouq. jhd s e\hl rodav s sljlanrlikts tucc P,r'dra./i*,, a rla,, or onc ador Plav,

*.e".a rry *r,"1,'" ro il* +'i "citurv

In th. 9'i centu4' aDorlier briliLrDr p1av,

,lg,,r,r.,iDal, $as {i(c hyJry.nra Rhatr which iNicadoffollo*ins tbc blard trckor.onventio! derls i h rbn.usc subjeds lilt! logic and philosophv b0i podmvs

Ldlosyncnvcsoaphilosophfts rnd found sol'anousschools.ndculrsdIrcdrniclevcltrs irt.ei hcs ir rhc \ty i!cxl)oses hlrocisie\. prcl!nsions rnJ squabbl's ol"Psef hrncs

oluriouscoitemporary trligiou! scds ftoulh irctrdso' rno!eolh:monvaDd svnrhcss

lDrhel0'hlzLhccnruricssomeolrheve.)bsrSrnskrir\$rerroIKNriDine\pic$edrrtriRlves n iarrrivc, h Fro'ical .nd lvrical glnts rDd rrodlled ftnry ir{erpieccs in

Nhrrc:nbcqltled anuiusuriupn4eoamdirnv Bred on kles ltum GuDrdhv' s lo$

Rfri'ir,rrd son Jcva\ raarr,5..6aPdrd nth.lrcndt largdcollcdron olnodcs a

s.urce ol.aleslorrln,o{rlldt hneuse\ol1hc1'o.ld.rrcnabk occan iideed tsilhaM s

-qenius lound expNsi.n in ndative $\cllas lv.nalpod'v Ilis r*'?harkadoa Chdr'

idovda,ls objcdivc rhc6olhtrrorvi.(o niagintrril.ifrprcrisalioi orcouncnlture *hihhh Cld!r,p.,.rot'il, is ai lntensd), lyricrl e\prc$Lon olhighiv sensuous feelinls(rlhrm silhhn keef senscof hiiorvaid soundrudgmentolftcD and mdr'B pioncc(d

thc tldirion olhnro'iogmphJ- iD lnd:i Hn ftdirion Ms lolio{cd bv Jon'mja, Shnvan'

PnjnlabhdbnJdshukasho$rorsscquchiohGinnonrlchroirclc $e Rujata n:auri'

Kshcnendn. rnoLtelorand lirerarvgc ius,prolificrortpnl.r'sihelint'noignie!rudsrskr t nxicrs of Kshnt b Lsc satt rs I rveapon ofso'irl critic6n lnhn

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"; .,*'4".".,.-- il: 'lJl"::;;lj,-iji ,

..:*',,' ' ^; ",;*il1T,"il'': "ll:"""'"'" '""""""'i"i"';:j;. ;j'i j":'

;j:j:n:.:: :;::il';:l1:tr i:*'..-rr.^.*-O'p n'' -uis ft ir ssultu\d !nnas!

poeric valuN rha!disri'gnis| n ItmaybcpoinrcdourrhalthcsecondDhaseot.h.Bhakriupsuee mK.shniripodryrhrrtookfircc i', rhc I3 -19sccnru.yandthEsnpgrear,rlopoeblikcPdah.iind,I'nkmhRanKu.igrnlardKrnhnijoonazdanwasinspirc'lbylhevlishnara Bh.k! tudrerrntof .odh lndia Thcy wnc a dcdicrrcd s.i olpoeh forwhomBhak!s.snorane.rsrornendbullhehiBhcsicndriscllll\yaswirhrheirarivalontheliruary sc*E rvith rhen concepr oh leFom| God \'ho .an bc adoRd and loved and io \rhomprayd crn be rddEsed rllt rhe Bhakti n,ovcni cnr !dtrrlly ]$umed theshafe ola dis!i*tcnd in Kashmni lirenture

Prrim an rnd, $ho sFa.herdtd the Diovcn sr. tr as i ro*dng lirmry fisure of h is time.'lh. pnpet Pdra|ranand: Dentianol Rqnft\ uf rrlh( Ltla prscn\ rh. srinr poer in a

rclrcshingly new pdspedive, undediring ft LnrcNc dcvoliodaltssion rhd inlomshirsorks.nd rhe high sp;ituaLvalues rhey enslfinc I"hn'.rjorfaiidiyclo s,Rrrr,Sdrdt)r n'JSr.l.nrd Chdnt,he usesrl{ thcmcorKrkhm\ divincpl.y (ocxpourJ bymeansotdlLegor] a profound philosopl,y ol lovc rlEr rcoSrizs dcvorion is rho only \yayto*ekthesuprcmerealiq His Rrdhrisacc4ioi olpurcbc.uryaidjoy, r.prcs.ndng rhc

iDten\e lorginC olthchunan sonl tbr tullidcitificarion wrh God.Ii Sutlunta Chdritncsuggensrharthroughdissolutionole-qoalonccanorcSanrhc$il,qrocxpcicnccrhcbliss6atcom$ rhmush God\snce.

Familiaity yith the iory ofRamr existd in Kashn,ir sincc vcry cr.ly rimcs as is

t sifi ed by rhe nlnerous relerence ! an d a Llusior s io the f,,, ar?i, charrdrs ar d .pNodesin Kan,miri oral lii*rtuie Like }rddirg songs, ballrds, $yings. Drov bscrc Burirthc*titlctlti' Pnkash Rahnlan or nd,J,,,r,r Cr,rir by F.akash Rrm Kurgrmi. rhc onLy

Krshniiri,ezrdld,atohaveaptearedinrrin.isrRorkoiiremcDdourl]opulr.rpNrL Thcio*h obviousallego.icaL hahres\irhthepoeia$ediDgdd,eouRrma isa bridge thar hk* ore rcro* ihe rirerofdesi.e'. Al anorh.rp are he inrerpk6il,e io.y m r nrussle hersren lorc.s of rnlh and laLsehood'.Ir is an.xtaordina.r-,{dDd}a,,inwhi.hRrvanrisshorhsSirr'sLrher.nd S .isshotrnre\olringa8.insRdn.lowd slheond.idthelo.al.olourfsoprotuscrha.rhcci!rcsroryscemsrobesc!inKchnn.ThechipterIr3x.,,r.,uofh.rt,txtsh,'.iP.eqeldiuiEsrhisbeautitulRork and.iso throlvs li!b! on shal rhc orhci unpublnbed Ranay0ras in rhe KaslDirilrnguage have 1o ofd ro rhesud.nr olKashmn1po..ry.

Kashmid ah*dpoetytouchs iahighNdcmdk in KJishiajoo Raz'lan, dr lilringcadences ol{hose derolion suffuscdpocns h.\c o haunlie beaut lboul rhe'n lrenrithout doubt rhc mo$ nusicll olell Kashmii poet, h,eh acoudic v,lues lomiins the

nain$.y olhis tremendous appeai Regardiig Bhaktias rhe cultivarion olan cmoliomlicl.tionshtp wnh God dhtr lban !i itrreihcrual Esponse to rlie *nrenlial siruarion, he dircthisdcvolionrowadsborhShivaan'lKl shnqhischokndeiries, likelhe grealMaidiliDocrVidyudi Hn ncllinuous soiss oiKrishia s /rJalrb aidrhe mynic mion ofShiva and

shrh.ton r -t F.vryhou dno!o Ks trrr - _ F o' "d

r'h_ rcnmCr cmLoC'"r

;.';;";;*:'." ,;; L) \ 'Brrr por{'in''oqr^ oafF!be cr- r

"",".."-.,"-.;; ;.;.-;"'"."orrh'L r dct'R P" sB dd rdo\ecveMlrns

::1"::,, ;;;;',"-; "","..^' ( e,' dc oddi'o ro'e &rr'ngrh" o eo'

i,;: *i ;,';;" - "",;- "",'e, s Kr' \nEod R',,i- d no.ndd\d roron

"_i'. .,l,";, """,-',

"' '"r\"s'h'o urnd "id en hdhc- I is'rAzDod

il'"..1.,',=1.,r:..,.".", e.t npo'i' oinr Di'rcr 1'( \:''s umupu

,;;:,;; ;." ". -,".or omt o' \'' dd kn h - "d R"r' trho d \'

....^,-1,,n,'",*,,"t_-"- * unl'm' I 'oe'oed'h' unoe' c'n' err' r"r'::::,: ":: ";.;;";.

:;.;"..,,, . Fa, f n E". de o,on &in'ioo'ha" 1dn\

;;1.:. ',-;"";"

.n -'e' ra"erp ForoF \"nr'dirnBn'r ip*'--:-".- ,^" ,,, \,h en,in{reao'dE nr4 ad{on6-dar'fe s'rne

"',"L '-

. : ' ;,. .;"''"., oro :'r*r$ 'hg'R r- 'e''r''

r-0 '"ll"

"J''"i. , ' 't"\r'i\' eJaB 'p'd rbdoc no'cro

,h.."":'. i"";i:"".. -)

'.p*,r "" -r.**." as inr'r'1dnn' 01

_ ;"1'- "'"" ii' \ lh''eL n drbc^- irr'c-r'rorntl)/e l'cJ'inc e

:;: ;.,., """ " ;;"1,,. . - ..-"o*.,.""r" \o' i'n' \o"'ff carp'

.:;.;i",.;,,, "-;' i" ;;"' c adr' b Pn' \- t \4aloo "

n pep( nn R"d"

;""_j ;;i ".,"", ,". ,o. M,he.d'..arrcod em rtrec.z, ry'*r c\ds t, .-

::.;""";' ;;"J J"rhd m Nr4med'u m'r'e' dr'po r'"-ur\'

^:l:"1:'" 1. ",.. .."" hoo' of s. r.codpJ o-rnr'( tu'e.,n'hc -$ 3

_ l'. :;;-.1;:,.,.1,." '.1

.*'nom,. ^ nouen oo cde\dar'co

'= ' -.', ;":;. I...aah!.u red. ndaFri"rk' 'e o '|b!Kstn'

_ - -=t"'t"*

" t'"""t' ""

-= : :.- - .:. i ."ii-i.-oi.nibet comnssioned r2 Kashnin Cmdn) dhts thoueh

, - ..-' -. -:. ; ;,;;i ;;.r' j' r03 Buddhist monlddies inqruding MinB'rns in

" , ""'r" *" ' to

" -' -'" i3 d-d I €'oab ! l CuC'

. ,, - :-' (sna Pfdr"r"Do\"'N" - I lc oht

.]'.: -" . .'i . "-*o'-**t ' "d '+'rr"oe''n 'b-ndo o

":":- -^. . . r, 'r"o* n.n J lrdrr-d nrn'?s'o rrlodg!dF'

:-:1i,; ,.,, , ;."."- ^.b'" "'*r 'oJu"'opo cr'UD'e rr

,,;i;;".';'' ;;''.*."...;ttafd ii ihe n$ rom orninia're painlinBs' r(inenry'."'.,,

'".'"'' ;';'",'""'"'*' or\orh' orro c{o nt

:,';.""::;,". ..:J '" '"-'". ''" one! 'enro n'c'tre'orh

,,. ;,i";'; .." . p...... .l '.- 1 -. rup "-d o- N!'i r'|

:,.".:;".'-..* ; i ';" \k-oneP'' 'hoo!'f'1n" r'"vs' d

bcci elrbonrcry rclared bv P N K.chn in his lrper K,'"t/ F" dib Otistakns ol

Pahori Konln nhoa1af itnh^ :"

"h*;dK*hnir\.ontrbutionrorhedcrcloPmenrormu lidatlhc

Akhimo6ary 6dls by Gedrka KrN (hc' is in teepin! Rnh rhc 'bsendion

orrhe

"rl"-t"tll"t*"r-"pta,oJ"palrhd Alchininno\tvh$imponan(thdiAianra'

;;d* hish,r "rlidi"."n ciii"s*ellrnolnrrd'urhodltlivcsourc*'shecontndslh'r

ii",.-""-,ler'rtitron*r,syll"r;'u'depigtuPhLcrlrvid'trrrsrot'o\clh KAhrtvallc!

;",""...;* o' op'"r' 'dr

" ir.r - -a r**J.. "

rr\2. sid n !rp'( rhe\ e Llrn\iv-,* r...rrr*A r,i"o.v o pailial hkory'$cftad(olrhs volrncsill have 3

' .* ,,i'r"i i"i,.i ,u 'r"*"r, '*hi.h

thc Krshfrnirandih hrd ro pa$ llotri the 'mlG$

u..,i.,r",1.."i*ai,t.o"o-aencci.apoigna nitraiivebtPrcrTcj'rihDhar rhc

""0,..U*.**"^"".*"i*,asoLdrndcolou ulbcgin'iig'agloriousniddkrnJ

,.",,"*,",*O*n o"*tt.thenpr$nr0redn nml'hcobsresG rhcirdqeMl

i'*.",*,t "rrl.--w r"rl"Ninslhcirrc'enr exodus rrom thc lallcv is leadinsro a

"i,,",.. ri *m"l \"" -" ir* r"osing $!n identfiiblc ctrhuml msked rrre n"arivt

o?qn' ,1.' rhc. o 'o ei'Fd'J .l''r8tr'n" -\ - naP n ta?'i.,,-' "' .." - r*" on-' -e r n' \or hco; h' '"i'bsr '

i,.,..,-.,,a..*'s." ' .r" 'oo\jr1 Rd o I o hcr''urL

,,"","J,,t, *a,.'r'"i'.;.', -.er u'r a' o

'J,i;,; ""','":' " 1optr\or''ne d !u'

"1":i"'* *".,*" -,.,*s btrilr r'npL's rnd r;ldr'r rorp'opLe ordirrdcit

.",*""1""t "r...t:"r"".*.ishk

l'dir:diila Ava rivamn l:vasinihrladrbcr'rc

l"' "".',"0 "rr..a. -r"^ lit"tishovtrti tLso rorlhctreood d'cds x'd nobLe ads llre';..;",,J;.. r'\'-oopn;1. :;; :

'"" ' a' '" , "..

e he' rr"d n

;;.:.;,;"". r"" ra'craoua'r'c'oirr-".,.*..r",0, , u.ioo't.. o.'Tdrolh- dj

reLlc\urc the(rdeL 3g nr I'n' ;; ;-.... .".".; deo"on! o i \'J'!o

"" ;;'" ";.",.

, ,,. , o. . b 'e::." -',,:;;.:;". , Lr' ... ' in(''1n $-;;;" ";"'^

e r' 'r'! 'r?o'd'.r';:.;..,';,"4. oe'p"d-no.o n.r''r^\' s' r'd'';.,,';'',;.;,'i"..'.' \ma-.P'o'''''ne.o'dil;";;;;,;;^,,',.",;"" ..," c o,'o...r,'' v'

",i.*".' i]"- s*". 1"" *,"rmn ro seek isvlun $ilh llre king who sho\*s hiriI

{

. -:l :n;h aid 4rcsive ncr rcs to rcNin in cofiol and in ihe l'Er

, _. -=:...., *"i,-r,Lo-o^ in dF rdniDht ionmrotpo$sbbi'ig

:,::Jl!lnrc ufod !h.n onlv to bc 'epri'l

bv peddv' and qulmirniEs in rhc eiablishDen!

I ;Lm tuh Lh\cbY sh! L Mn

.'""-,a r'0"'" o rHd'ndiP$dr- \ 'rar'rano oled

__ ' """

" ' o \!''tiDodr'1d

;';.:,;;:1,.:;'";;":". ;; ; ".",,' r,r ". "" -, 'h'm -u r- ^i'r' "q-o

K r" {- drEtb

. -..'l::.;; .:;;.;.,."',p-.. Arrrgo'm{ be- sno-ghc'dr

^, ; ' ;;., rncrr' rrioo or' m"o -\(r'a-rn"'i'on 'hFned

:- -:,:.,,;,;,; ' ""-ruRo aL2'' -Katr "c1'nod.i"3 ,.

.. ";" ;;'i":., ".,, """"" 'o ''1J nr\rrh'u|c':n'l' d' "'Jdtr"a-dur-'d

.--: "i,:i.'.

,;:'il;:l*-';,;-"iio; Akb* rcpearld punirivc !rx* rikc /':42 which was

' rF,ltr.cdbl zr ! \biLlin_ ^ ;" b'rr 'l-rl'c'ncor*'l

c

. -'J..-

""".,'.:. '"'e'"'*od' !'r" r! o cuic/cb

. * ,11,-.' so( jloo 'r 4n\3 'odi'$*'hP

Jr'

' '" ' , ..-"" " "'"""! ostD'o h' un' legB'n!'u' o hct b

' " " ;^" ";J'; ;'''n'-r 'L ; \- o \\' ' r 'o o"eoouhc' ' ::"":",:";i; ";;;;'t,s"d^-ro-r"d'' \a'q K"' rd

. l;lil,."";l''" '' rtL i" 'oe*,!trr IFas-n'oDDr'cd- - :i;"".","'', 'rh .r'/\'c\' '!cn.: - -::; i,;;:; .

'"""- o """" "-.r' K^rs Dtr' rn'seooieo

' . ' "";; -omin"do' ebr 'i$:r) i ' rdrii':

' d !r ! ure

' '".i. | " I'e o or' 'oma" P" r' \rnd" ";.;;'''.;^

""^- o"'"""""-'"'"''i" "4j ,: " -;;; ,.,..;;,; ".

.'u- (I- iDh-,-' "l

"." ". _!'r 'i '\" sdlo pneo

'' . '- -_';;;i",' "tr"'"' "gdirxl rhe randils killiDe rhen in brse numbes

: . ." .; "; ".;;"",.." ""' ;..; :, ,;'.," LrKldnit \/ nvr" Pd'r'a o,r

' .- "

:..,:;;;; K;."-i;i Prdii r$dtr dmd$ind)*dibn*riu"h iaja

, . - . . .:.;;i;;";;uer Kashnn But sbctr ihc sikhs e'c'rualv sEized'

' '_ iJ r"o *a pl'ndtr losl ivluslms' And Nhen Phool Singh wmled

, '.

. :.- ;';'"'; '"";'" ar sli'rlar' BirbalDh prevcnlcdhimtomdoi'g

-.:]."'.,ltl.a*"-*.t u*rhingswen!ouiornietrcont'ldueb

intfr.l dissensionsaid schnms soonafte.Ranjil Sinsh\ dcrih l' thc cmerCinssirudiotr

ftsBnishhandcdorsdtlrmn .ndKashmf Skt!roCulrbSingh, 0sbeinginlhcDoSo

The Dogrt rulcn repbced rhc Pondns vith Panlbi Hind0s in rop echelons of thc

buresu rcy and snh chriiirn ni$iomrics poun8 in, aLloNcda Brifth Rcsidcn! ro bc

$itiotrednrSrin.ldrooverlookadnioist ncaffatrs Andrsnodcnizrrionw adoltdis a srle policy fud senem $!ys ollilc $crc Ltrtoduced, (hc Paidiis rook do ii'n' in

$vrchiDsoRrftofl acquningpronciencyinPssiitrb kamingEiglishsoasro kc{FceNith ihe changin! rimes lhencffonslcdrorhc$bblishmen!ofrhesnPfthpcollceeinSiDasar *hich.Mbkd rhed ro squne modcm cducatio' As politicalcons.iousrs damed

.'nong Kashmns. ihe P.ndit made corinion cruselilh Sheikh M"

$eaning him aLlry tio s.d.rim polnics,lo crcrt rhe Nlrional Conlcrcns andjoi' issogglo agrinnaurocr.lc ruk in rhc srxt ln 1917,$henhrd; i'Mrb.njrtinallysiSn.drhe iNtrumc oaaccesionpaslngon acl ual fo\Ye' into rh' haids

Thc Fmdns have rhe dnlindion olhdving been pio.ccG in lndia ofrhs 3d of

his.riogrrphy,rhclackoashichhssbcenseenlorlon8as6cAchillcslrelotlbccounirv\kholanictudinons Kalhinr, {irh hn d.cp undenranding olrrunrn nrtur. and his kccn

inieren in lhc afiairs ol1h. {orld round him has beflr $iJclv ed[ned for his Raiatannsinl

rsorkoltcmendousvdl€rordresnLdtolKashmirhislory'hihkprperonK6hminPandirhisbnogaphe6.ProlMldraqAKa\v,blikhimforhisqlrlitiesrahkronatr\rhi'hmdchtheid.alsorhnbnog phypopoundenbyDodemhnbaansandsciilscretrtisb Kalhana\

nc.hodologyconsiisordlawinsoncdierliicnrva'dLi{riplioialsourceslorinlom ior

andirteTreringthisdmobjedivelyiMlakinga{idcnngeoflacronfm frcncli'nare

indg$graphyropolity,ccorcm!.ndsocielv in(ocoNdemtionforhisanalvsis Th'iorksollhe Lursubscqucrr SansknthNora's sho fdllo\e.d him,lonsjq ShnMn ShtrkaaDd

Poj)sbh ra havc also bcer an.lyscd lorrhcfmcirs md seikn.s as hiioicala'coun6ofdrp ioG rhcy.over lhe.ondusionsdcolcoumeiheaurhor's osn,hissu8-Qc*ionof

lhe la {blccolrhcnbein-qbia$drilavorolficcommunilvroNhichrhcvbdoigcdieaviiSmlch scopc tor dsag.cemenr. Ho$erer, in his ovcrslljudgfrcnt be cbancrcri?cs rlieir qolks

as lichsou(.sorhnroricrl infomdion' Mushb'lA K.!vdiscusN insrc (detailrhc

cotrribuiionsolsotr,clate.d.yKa$im;iPa nhistorirnslikeNathlandi! RnbdK"hru

!idNarrinKdurAjiz,Rho{srcdreirrccounlsinFc^l.nNathP,nrlir'\G'hhani Du!'tarelarivrlyics(kroRnvork,ndescnb.dbyhimas.lealteasurolhisro'i'aLlirdature'fd h$ dcsc'inrion of rhe geo Dhysi.il ferru'es,.gnculturc. trniL5 olreight, as well as

c.onomicsibdionpievrilinsinKlshrn,p:ti.uhnvdurinsMtrsr r n'lein l(xshnrir Nalh

Pandit, as*e arc rold, sivcs inlcrdLng infdm.tion ir lhis Nork ahoul iml.rialgadens,

r.ch eologicd nres, mcd ic val ba/ dars, brdd sy $cn. b rss rnJ lclics. Lan d rev mu. aDJ orhcr

.:i1*rn**1;X4*fi*

'''.;,,; ;i'1;,ti-:,1:l*, :::'iq*-

':'^-,,. ., i",'.'ii't.','lij i1;*'t*,1- i..,,r l" ii i' -.i ii,.j' :,i-iii"-i- ;i

". .,'1]J:;"ji: :,;,;.,ri;,1.',r,;;:i,t;;..

" :l'" , :":, 11" :-: ; "

' , ": i;'r1l':l i:;-;I:.li'ii'',,tt,lr-"*r''t,1,,1,,;*r,t1i,;l+:,:-,;

' ".,t+;;: ,:l't;';i;;i:'-t i:

adl' ) r" \ 'n(i rhdr

.,"..11;. :: li ::",'il::"::.;, .; . '. - '" :"j'" ":":1,;i;

i:" ,":::i." "0",,.r,",," ",""'i.;i::]ffi:,. ",' " ""'-,"o- -[d!d u ,e'hi rc '_ -' : : -: ^-.." sheni P,.rr.'r''b{.

i'l ":":ri ;::.;:jtj : i :',i ;."l.lit' ; ,* ili:"1;:'":, ;.." | .'4, rr o " * "

-1.

*:::':.:.," ..,Jro,p"i^'."i *:"*,.".,, -", .' " ." ".::-. ji,,,H"li":

;it::+ {,'lritl ;;r;;+l';' ;';L;3-**ffi

-iffiffi

r tl]c dGeshodied sPinl

: *:_Tti:t :r"#::,:::::::rilii lli:,"."ru *t* :llH:p.rdlla'dndcrfrrcusb "- "

^,"..!c'cDo'nC

;il*;131g';r,:i;rt'."."""':i.."":,*l-* j:, j,.::;."::l;:;".,-;,

",.llllt.:.:,:; jt;ti'

" i;-il;'l...,;kffj

i:reri::. ..*lgf l'

",--[:r rin;:'*:;:*'

t**n+***'ffii+i$;"ffi**$*ffiffii:[***'ffi

lrom rhcn nalnc soil is temendous. An obious exrmplc is thef lo$ ofhn-quage, oneoftu mon imponanl mrken oI idenaly.

Inspn. ofrll lheseodds. rhe displaced Kashmni Pandns hrve reraiied mon oliheNltrtral taitsencnllyaso.irkd\nblhef chmct. Endo\edwirhalibenl rndfoNrdlookingdisposidon, thcyrcmain a pcopb\nh rna{unlbcnr row & inlcllccrtra1 punuirsWirh a ncarhmdrcJ pcrccnr lilurcy ro bori ol rhcy iilLh c a hilh .ducdional pmfilc6rl'cyariD.in!!oupholdrh$rtpuralioilordaduniccxccll!n..*hi.hhas.lyaysbclnrl'fthallma*.Th.yhivc.lsobrolo'rhcnncotyp!i otrhichrhcyhavcb.c cai,uilinlyrhough, ofDnnin! anuo.ly Nhnr-collarJjobs I' la.r rh!norioi rlidlhcy rtc r pcoplc

who Jcspis* all manual\orkanJ prcluonly ro*icld (hc pcn is a highly!x:slcrarcd dnc.

lorPrnJiG livin! inflrtla(as *ouLd alrvays cullivdc thc; liclds.rJ tdd rh.ir..(lcAmons rh! urban ParJirs roo rhft wrc many {ho rould rork in dr ladoics o alc ut

Even in rheir rresenr nar ofdispeFaL, the Kash,rni Pandlb rerrir df dhrinctivequlirios ol rhcir n.tre rnd adh ere to rhei' trdition r L va Lus Fsce tu1n $s. pie ry, .onipasion,hospnal,ry,sobrien/,rcilicnm!ollNre,c1viliq,$lf-pddcaddanrnnclonro\$rds.cFbnlgn.cs. whd glulcr nony can lli ere bc $an this rhxi desp ite h aving con rr bured tully .ourdsrhe scns. olideals ard elus dh xre regarded as pecurianv K.strmiriand dspilc havinBmnchcdcvffyaspccrotKashmiictrlMalaDditrrellectualli,i,rheyha\ebeetrforc.drodayinro an cilc thrr .ould *dl mean dsrcinatior lnr them

wchrvcfrol Vcd Kun riChri,aneminentSanskrnscholarRho*ouNraidirgworkond,elli/a,ddPrzr!isofdldnligralrc.dl$inancvalu ivcsuntyirdinvolu'ne.boulrhetemendoNconriburiotrorKadnnirprcducin! sansknr ln.rarrcof grcdnrnrnthclomolPr,?,as,hi!bncrlpoerricoufrcpi.sjdcvofomltoonia.rbolosics,d.maqNo.ksoi ruelics anddraDrtu.ey, didad c pocns, sartr.lpocms d.. In rhc.dclory olP,,?,,5, she eniighlens rh rrd ahoutthc3rc4v,\trrl[!Iritdr.ktlr.,,hrsasIsourcolintomnrionaboutdrKashmni\ryorlilc Shciho rh.o*s{luablc Lilhlon rh.conrsnrsallne yi\hn dhr on d PL.a"t,*hrch a.cordir!ro hnvas\.nlcn in thc sotrrhcnpanolK hntinrhefifihorsixth.cntury AncrNyqloFcdi.\rork,lhcA,?tr..Nhirhisnorclinous forib.rttdJlrz or tcrrisc on ticlorirl on, dcah \irh i \a! ntrmb( olsubjccGhkc myrhology. cosmosony. cosmoloCy. ri.oon)- ard riololt. omcns anJ poncngpolity,socioloey,ielieion,medicine,asri rhre,rnnmlritrsbrNrycb lisdividcJinrorhrcopadsofNhi.hlheli.incor.enrdsnhmylhology...snoloey$c..rhc$cond{irhpolilyardrh!lhndBilhrheperlomring,plNlcaDdtincds Ptrhspsrh.dnrdisrhcno$in{..cninsarduniqtrcinmanyqrys.FmmihevrluabLcdctailsitgLvaahodan,'nusrc,d.dfns,.criis.panting, icoiogmphy. mhitectureard odicrads. iicai bcrc8adcd.s. vcry imponm(source olK6hntr\ cuhumi hisiory, panlculr.ly orih southctr ned

AccordingroPof Chri,,l'dl/,t Jr,/,kzconsistingolonehundrdandeiShtv{*sinrhed,D?"d'sraorallego caliyGn6ccarlt Sanskritwo*inlhccalegoryofsatii.ala'ddidacricpo.ty.writteDbyBhalla a{holivcdrrhetineofKiqSbonkanmm(331-902,{D)mdrvsnotgive.anlEcos ionbyhin,gives*ntinhisvdsesindirecrlvtohislee Lin8s of d ispleasure ar this inj u sricN. Dscr ibing Kshenendn as lhe topmost sariri$ o ISanskrir, Ihc author has a quick crilical look al sonc oahk be$ torks thal have survived

ircluling Sd ara atika, Daryadalana, Sevroserkotodesha. Deshop|.lcsha aftNa,nd,/,in*hichheusesbidrsandincisivcsarnc1odcs.iberhehadrcahlesofruraland urban lile in lhc Kashmirofhis rines. Shc alsoSivcs 6 sn idea ofhis gr.a! Senius $exp'essed in hh absrach olnd,,oF a, Mahabhatuta, Brih.tkatha, tnd Xo.lantboti,

,,zddlid av,./'.as an'l tearises on rheroric, nolica alld Issody. t hB aulhor rhen acquainb

us qirh rhc podic peculiornies ollne,,,r,*,,,ad or .oun cpics sriden by Kashmin Ssshitpods, d4cnbng Iheir tlEmes in briel X,?prti,brJ',r!rd olshiusw^nln, Haturiola alRrtnakrr, ,{dv,,r,7rr!)? of Blii'i)a, Shrik.nthdchatita ol Markha ana Kathaknutuko alShriwt arJ D.1a'antaLa thdsa ra al Raj anrla Bhata Ahlad aka Krshmn, Prot C hai lcllsns. rrn ks the hilhc$ d lar as h hlo rical poems in Smski! !rc co rcemed", poinring our lhar_

Ka Lh rna \ lalr,,lrgii I lloi e is sufficicnr ro ch.llcngidg rhc view that lndian srires vcrede'oid olhntorical seise . Kalhaia s kccn scnsc olobscflatio', his undetsranding ofrolnic.laffaNandotholicitlofmindmmcntiodcdbyherasquahiesof.tnehisroim\lenrioning rhe conri',ualions of ndr,t a,sti by Jonrraja. Shriv&0, Shuk. and

PrjnyabahibandotherhisioicalpoemsRnftnbyKdhmi loehinrhepa$ing,shcrhcnp.o.eeds ro ds.ribe ,/it ?,',,t,?.u.ldli/, ofBilh.n., thc errlien hhtoricd poen

ay:ilabk, in sobc dcrailvolchiig for nshislonciry o. rhc basn o f eI iSrrphicrl evidence

in the lield ol d.rorion.l .nd hymnsl poerry wi en b' S?nskri! pocb frcm Kashmn

ch grear \'orks as Jrrr,*r!,d,r?/t ol J3sadhm, S,sdr,ra S/,rra of Siryrj'anita,,.r ,i,,'v,/,r, olsahib Kaul 3s well s rhe Lnpublish.d S,ri,rrakk! by Rrtnah'rhq hold

imponant placc. ln dFm4 KahDn h6 pmduced Shyamlika rhosc P,r'rtud1tuka is tbAd'agiingvividdcscnpriotroaco'nmonlileolhepeoplcinaliv.lylaneuagc,sd JayutaBhada\|l\ns. )Earlr.tarlban s a louHd philosophicrl ph, ola hish ordcr dcscribitrg vrrious

cuLrsFopuld n Kashmir atrd reeiditrg difiere.i philosophicrl sy$cns as diffcrcir doorro rhc sane buildinC Th e G also a small rommric phy X.z,s',Lri by Bilhaia.

KNhnir\cotrtiburionnrlnefieldolpoeri.sisuniqucasallrhcschookollidianpocri.sh.re origi'Ered i'r KxshDir. The atrthor dividcs rhc hkrory olSanskrir Doc.ics inio rhmnags: in$e fid nrsc *c havc Bhrnra s N/4,t.rr? codsidcriStoctics to bc a pafrofdni,atuIgy, in the $cond poctics dsums an cxivcncc indcpcndcntoldramrturgyrnd in

rhe rhtd dunatury] concs 1o bc ftgrdcd unJu pocrics Dcfrirg(4taas toecthcnssol vo rd and meaning Gl aDdd,t ,r rart ,, tu rrd,r, Bh am iha csbbl is hcd thc a?d,l,rdschooliniie 8rh cenlury, naking some lcryimpon.nldcpdurcs. Kuntakapropoundedrhe

.ofce.rorr.l,or.ri oroblique urciance ii his faa,t'?_iv!4'' and founded rbe ralrot/i

?rfui: vrmma sme up \ilh liis rheorv orinp'drn'! or''i or sn'!e and ser up thc /'jschool. Bui ihe quesrion olshal.onnnurnl lhc \oul olpodrv"\?! onlvsrLcd wlEn

Anadxvmlhanr propound.d 1n his !G vork /rlrd'rr'?ttd lhill"?ni dr sugeei'on lt!i"a*a

" tr. -- "ip*,i.

*p-"nce llis rcrolution'ry rheory or r'!""r1'i {as runher

.i"o*".d *a o.' ". " n- *,.* b' l1t sr.d AbhlnNagupu in hn ratuous e\egcric solk

DriEd?/,ro i,.ra,,. Finallv, ir Ras ^.harvr

Nl.smah Llho s$blished th' sulcmrcv

"r'h.;dsddrdri (hcoq iD hn lamous \ ork (du arldl'r'u * hi'h !s acomphtmaNsl

o ooq.i ud ha 15 tommenLr !\or

6!,6nrdcDlrce;ofpilgnn gc rs slnbol c !i lliE 'r

ihe dtrcdions supl)oning rhe spiri(u 'lunnyorli,dr thesiN li erillanareendordbrihchaloor(ashmir'\ta'ddl' Did

Sha;kmchrryaxdurlly vnitK.shmtrnd a{cndlherdn?/'dp'ria a( rhe holvpilsridrge

' V _ ' oJo! o 'r'r "Jdcd !r m'l d

anerhis isi!? Does rhn devolion or.!r'l,,:r, at,at,lrs cr'hanniglvbciu(inn hvmn in

.*se olshaktirefedli snv rvav an impdofshrklalhlLosophvor hn lilcaid rhoughr?

it* q,*r;"* *srme i.p-to"e in vie* orastoistrdirion anong KashnniFandirs

thar h. did indeed cone roKashnin. Rashneek Ln(, aroungscholar digs deeP ihroueh

lrn(cn.sNel1.s oraleridcn.csto find aisw s lnclimd ro sav ves, ho n frni'ul'rivintigucd by the lcgend thil lhc imrgcolCodd$s Shardrnb' d Shring'ri *asbmughibv

him fmm dr tnple olsh.ndr ri Shardi in KshDi';hi'h s Dow a p'n 'l Ptkisratr

ThisirkcsNroalasciMrirrgfi6thaDda.o trioallt thrcc\isiGolrhc rrmousan'ienr

slrine olsh3EdrbyPror A lt NEki Accodirg to Prol Nazki hc nrh' ti'* lndili md

KashmirionthGsiJcofthcLOCtohavetrvcl!drorh.s.mdpilgrimaecpLacaolSharadai sirq ye.is $htr. hc Nss fa.erofi.e\nhnivheirag.,lvirhmvpd! $iih nt roors '' 11

isinr;;xpmded dcorfrindrbathedcss,b$ihehpoercphv,hislorvandrrchirecrunlftrturesolshamdqdnd Diore thli anvrhing ch. the bclutvolhis stniturlexpcrience dthe holythce in his anicLc ri S.r,!/',/R,,a lle recalk a similarvnron he hadeaniera(

Hari lmbar duins his childhood

Tbex?shmh Frfdirs hold ev.rv lidr olKasbniras ecrtd lrnd.I pl'y8round olrhc

sods. As an trrc!.nenling Peoplc rhcv ke ndrre rs a m:difc rtion oldirility Thc

Nildridd ?r.,n. dscnb.s ihe enrn. vslhv as rh. enbodimciiolumi Evervnounrai"

pcak, eve ry r.ck. eve!- .ave, everv l!kc, cve rv rn cr. eveD pool has it o$n legend ils ovD

i.lc. irs olvn llory Thd is*hvnuJf$.us fbces ii Kxshm; e inleied Nnh aligious

s.nctity by thcn.;irh lerpks and lilg.image ccnns dorine t ih'oughour iis lenlrh aM

hiead$.11is ro.nd thes. sacred spols Ihrithereligious lilc olKxshmn Panditievohs l'r

,ne do r, !. \ 5a. rgj,.e.f.,n hm ",*. 1,, "l

.t,r * ", :1.,t."i*:,l,,ij:i,:l

"1.d Nrc.t..,r"_m-g ",me,o .rod!dndboddFssnN

D! L\.dom:n !..*.no ,r- \hd\, trdaD, , ,r , dm. dinb s $ mdd qr-.o-ll''","_"..,_",

*.,,hnil\croc*irh rn:nc'cn' remplcdedi' cdnsh\3top ^

Ew'

ilfl";";,''i. ".",.. ", "*"".ro ded ''Fcm'ddko '-rad(p n"'\o--se

.,.*::- ; ; :l; i,,;.-:.;. " .,'.''" *"" -," ".,.Ti ;"";::i ; f.l"il:

-;-" *, s'- sureoqdr-D\-cvosdi "i .,,", u,,.," ...0-.,.n-i- ^ dT;nmind rvshlni snd Mahrlal' dhebmForr'.;:il:i

"; , -,:l;'i r;,'."h rnsin,-', Klr'* $r' Kspdrmocr's ' !rd\'.

l,,i^.-.^".;.*-;-1.' -r*'r vdLn cdar N-"e-\ r"'c ts ssd rn e ou dhn

lli.lil; '; -".",,ftruush rh. e.rcd gFEtuph! A the 'htntsre 'lLedr'rri'ra

" l;";..' *"-, " 'LpI Po'I N \dRnoon rIoN'eo'4m"rFr"

,..i.1","..i.."","'"""',r',trs6, -Ka n- hn"b'e,sdc,ffi::'ll:::..mmrlLo\erlhc.ounrry \in(eLimc'.;';";; .:ll ;;-";".",.. '" '-ree

b r. ori ,or'h m' '', - o K*'mr'k'

'I i'i,,^, ",. -o; "-nd Jre po' rr'i'ie*d o'onF'o'd srro

:;;;1..:;".;j'.'. "",* 'n" "(L' d 'modr'

!rcicsd'd,l l. 'lii ' *",' ", '*"' ''. '' !l or rhc nor \--do$ep' u c ouc 'adi

or r

,11,.:i .,;""-,'i,,,.."""' ' kraro' *'ooe'ro-"cr'c\a.s r3o3 "':".^;'.;.,';;;";.o""" dc ''bdb c m/J " "olhmr ne he o1r': o'"s oF

: ",.'i' , ";," ,;: ;";," - s"in r'\'h-roo r\e J1t! 'no

n'o(r'"\ 'r:':. 1. i;;;-;. b\,' -,"",'n n adu, 1-1. ',":l:;:?"-: fi,:1";11"..,D1.,

j"." ,"\..sed.-lq. r dcd bc"o i-d)haN

:":, ,"";'J;'"; ,rog! ;'dctdcd"^3rt'ab tIhorho-r tr{dd

;i]j"";'";,.:. g sJnme'Aret'or rs ordvs -' tuo md'io'

l- :;,, ;::;";';;;;'".e;) ". u-sn sc"o a"on' o'^'rd c!o' o -ro' -rv

,.l.lll.,',"',. " ";.'",, '. ''""''''''"""c'r'd'r'- prc'q sr'' 'r'

, ;:::;,;;;-:.b"d den, ur' o'd snra P. Ksrrr p'c " sn' I im' r n'+n nl

itsr.d.holrhcerr' masler" ':';";'';

ir.'dr'"rorrd '"ano -dmJ,"',;.,;. ;.;' ;:' ".. .,,:,. s' ad on d s-' ao r' rcu{"ordea (r'oh" c

:;'; .;."i";;; ";"," "'"'"..'.: m'nd' e d p! drd d'm'i" pi' r'" I ce rnd

-rcouln lhe oulLL :nd tumbcofl'1t' ' .'.,i-,. .',;1,"." -. t " o_d.nd aul', B i*di' f'srd dosn 'o

hc n od! "uc

.'*;-';;";;.;;r'*'-r ind vd rc' / nodKdu lrdNs N'd'n "podid:li ;:;; ';;:" ..., ' . noo'i'''oc1i\cv 'crard

oo n'"'d

aid new sc'sibitity an'l

-L-^" rKAhdd pocin _!L\mc sNNrdiN',

;*!iS,,,",';'**i*ti 1;ffi :;; ;" -*...':: . : :":....,,. " .o. or.nc \sJ. i.d- e d'..:.:' :,:"" . ".

. ". *,".

;,l, it:!1i;1",;i" "- ::;i1":.:j::i:liil;i,::; :,$;"::;;'1""", il'"'"'::,.r".^ '' ' a."'

1.1,"-"11"',,.11- ";" *"'', ^..r",i,lrrotrr. r.r--_,,, chd^ha,,i. I r,.'

'1* " :1";",."',.-"" i onrrn 'r' 'il'.:,..,* , rr' - "-"ij;ii'r^;":;:i:t'1,r,":i' :, t*i;",,:";;":;: ;;

i: ::::::i::t':i:.1*'tt;i **i'* ii,.,'',*t :*,i,)'1:;""1:#:::;:: '::::,: , ,",, .". u. 'i n drur$dhca'c'

'.".' ",, ;,lll;:ili ::i:' .''"",' "-. ;; ;e "#::J'

;ji"fjj1j;r;1; ::rr r.:";":." l:r'"fii"1i:'.;;:;"1'i,ri''" "'"'';""'.r ",:;''"d "' " "': I:l:'^:Tl:;^.;,.'

:;:; ::l ::: ;I;;"::ll" " l:: "";i "" ".;:, ;" """ " ;" ;"';:ii'i ry*i-:**:"i:fu';i;:1 "':ffi n' ; ;r

,ri"'l. l: ^.,,.;".:.,.., ."f" 1 ss e:"::'!1 .:;o';i. <..- ,' p, a,

"1 .:':1.i;,;;,;.,, ' ^+*"*''' **'lil"ll',ll';

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"r o. .n,.h r e.,.' ".

,.ili::J,;il;.l"'" ",""""' "hc'[e"f !h' q.r(u-'

g$rirls,l;--*i i: *rti

:(,risbook '"ll1il,lliii

CHAPTER 3

AbhinavaguPla and the Shaivite

Tradition of the Saradd Desa

..,.-. .r,D..{,,'-, .'.....":.,-.' ","";;;.":'.1:,:'l-^i: " ;,, ",; '";,': :: '

":1;"' '"-

,' ' ' '" " -"; l"l': .*;._ "r i , , ... on. o,.Mn,i!r"'r'r dr: \n'r

" ;," :.-" -" "'"" -""-r'"''.:,:'"",...:::r"'i ",. :,; ": .' i,, I'.,.i; ";''l "': ."' 1,,;';1{i;:-l:11..:;:;i"i '\'dn"o- *' .": ,*l; ,"" ,".

..,,,,,,.,,,,.". .FiTo t'.'!lr'|tr ^.. .-,,".., ."..": ;j ",: ;:;', ";": . ""1;";

:,',:;:': "": J t";i:i"; ,, '..,"b" r'':n 'ee "'":*"'* -"-,." --",.",,,

;.,.,." . 3.i- ' I'n\\ 'n\i'r'd-e1 b(ol'^d,- !bu,J,.:l

J;: ;'":" :':::; ,;.,',':;:.1,'.,j1",1.':",*.- ' " ""srinsxnd srvrns olK$hmi'

NI TdDITION OT THE SiRAD,{ DESA l5

ttlrrlal/ralidr,ar?/' (As d pc6on sini.g or rbc rop olnt mounbin vlcws rhc one

ness ind continu iq of a1l obj cds, ii rhc saN s?y I hc knoNledgeab b pc*ot sccs

oilDNs in arr.) or N in,rfutaltiril, (\crscz): un kincn]ajd r)ns i"atitavs'.ahatzrtn?lrr,l (Dordcj.ddecetts borh[crhccau{olbordage BElocared in

yourovn s.lr and cx|rerief.e ihe initrbLiss which is thc cscnrial 3hfirden$i. of

lndia is essend.lLy aknorvkdgecefted.ivihzaliotr Cr value is arachcd ro knowledsc

in rhis trdtrion sher. knoBlcdgc aid sceticim go rolclh.r. Kmwkdge is th Nhich

liberrics$lrcm.ll rc bondagcs and div Giv c lmirll iotrs.r Norhins p urifics I ikc k no edse.r

Ou b er. L", !Bhdnd S"r,,1in.:n"\bh'dl\r't!sella'd$.hschol.shaverlNaysbe.nftrcircdNiths.carrev encobyrhepeopleolrhis

r/l,?uril\dr?r the lai lidims!b.coDrimnr noipoliricallybur culto.allywh*c crcry

sn llorlirgcco'nniudrycontihuresro lndianculture apauchol(houghrandwrvollile) renrps. this is rhc onl y pan ol di n un hn d ihrl pnduqed the lalge$ numbcr o I !ruarsaint and savan$ in companson to aiy orh(Fn oal'idia Th..i.J Srinaear,loundcd bv

d,e grerl Mrg ha KlnC Alhoka (2?2 212 Bq, lncrally D,eans the cirt olgodde$Saffwati) R.jraekhm records hd{ belui tull} md mslodidusly pcoplc ofKrsh',n reciled

pocry.Ir is ndMd f,s dr lrnd is hlssed by Sodde$ Ssmswari Hsadl who alNa$ dqclhrlreft.i KaLhrna rc.ords rd Sxiskrit Nas the mediud olcotrvesaion in ev.ry lamilt iiKshniri Kxshmf hrs bccnlhccmlrcorrounc.ndiTipli'solknowhdgc.r lnrhe r/o ?/tarr?srir'r,Nloung$trdent duri,r-qrhc rpatr.Jz,drd,,a,[a]?(initiarior in$e nudyolrhe iatrr? rexs undd rho guidancc olrhe able tercheB) uscd 10 aniculdl., Knn.nnr ga.cllnn)i(l go !o (shnt 6

'naiD knovledse). This tadrion is $i11 livnrg in som! bnnchcs ol

VcdicscholiEhi|l.KolhrMinthcRrat?rard,tSr,.singsdegloryolKashmi'3Abhimvasuprarnd Jryarr$r rccord a livc piclur ol.orknDomry Kashmn in 1he l.$ cbrprcr of dretrvo s,ic.,L,rtlrlaaiddrcoDmc ary J,l*. rhcrcupo tr Abli iD rvaeupra dessib * in

his qplcal poelic sryLe si/,1.sr/i,ne,tutil)hna*tilniitaktic )ar n6, ..(AI cvc.y stoiii Kshmn, ihcre ra h mirages olrlF sag$ and on cvery nep Bhrgawtu Siva d*dls.ThscInopkculnrhclrorldrhdp'oridcssuf.enrJ lrls(t.ofrplnhtucnt spnitulldn .n ,ne . oo in . . I 'l .., ''i ,d"*id" " o

companbleMrhrheEysolniooD.)orrndiralnvrraKaula{l9icciruryAD)srorcihcln rlit|tJKannnalabtla natii olKdmtiii Sanskrit in str? nyt qirh rommcihryThs isprccis.Ly rhe Kashmn'which n rfcncd ro ir rhe opetring Fcrion olrhkprpu.

i

lrrE s.1n^DA DrsA

The fid ihree de mviic expsienlial and nrditdirc

i', nalurc likc dtc oiher syncns ollndlai phLlosophv Asvc

ihce ircaDr coNerg! and rdkc rn inrceratd lom

only thc lasl one ncxposnorY

see l.rer. in AbhinNaguphall

llt

,1r sar.d lborc, rlt hdirion li.lGves rhd thc sonrc' of a!"Ja ftr'? is Bhaga{M shivi

,.it"' "'"'.,''_."'""'-'

lrhA" olo\' t'o 'r's'Drn,"," -.,"" '" I'l\did l'a

.i, i.,l *a,r," -*ll*', "r'i, 'L'ee dnriplcvsons ('"'arl'?r"r') Snintfir' Afrardrkl

; '.';;.i,"," '.' 'e'i"-rJr'uunr '!rdF "J

i... i*-.t ,. '-.nua '0, i r'rG u o ro'mo '(ddr'

il#;;;;;:; ^'i';..,"

rrn chrprd orhis round'ro'rrrext orK$h nshiva

"i..,",r ,.;, tt t.'-D.'-''":;..;,1;-;,...."' ^ .' ..r"- ","" ;. .;.,1 ",'.. ',. '' I I ' r'o r n"n- e ur_,"."-.

-".r'a.. " " )i \rui_ ilard^ trd

a,n.,S-. a '"r '1 flpr 'oilr ' 3 02( a ticoi po\dl: fr_o

.*,r ii",t"ii,tn, u^ ,"0 - sr- t'6ian sdNrrn orKashnn hxve dsisndld ir N ,<'rr4

".i",,'a ri'r"a-" .r,r," .go urralldcla tlso Nro(c ai aub{omncntary /iD' on dn

' " *nnl *" n"' * -.t-,"a upon bv Abhin'v!8npla (/tuz' 'P'?o'ab'f

i 'i"ri

i.i,,,.,:i,,^, i "^,

n*,tra ". "mposcd

dcvolioier pocns ot which sr'{o'riv'ri is

" l^",]."'L i.

'r'" tl." 4", "i.*r

htnturc UtFl'\l)odiccomposirions{crccompLled

.'i,..*,, .'n do\di' ' l:r''qj li i I Ld"J er,,-;;,;;.; ,- ',,.f'r,i"

- n.n'd

-,.ned,. I :rsi rr". ro 'lo'\ro 'o r"J"J

;,;"i";": ";;"",,;; "..: ".,'-- ,"

"",o'*,.r"'.i"."ai."loL""tor'ni*vxgtpldwmiersanstrilcoDimen6ry PcniNschol!6

.rr",t-r r,"i" co"d S;.na,?iv4li (oi Uqrahsrotivrri) F "" "'dni/ 'divirt.".,,'".r*. "*l Th! puPil.nd son orurpthdeva' C n L'k{nananiiha iniliared

,;,,^" " ;.,;i"."....,,.0,o.,.,'ro .h',n.w 'mor" 0,,'- .,;:,,,.

- ii" o"al,i- "lK"r'.;

Sr,"i'lsm as$ihcs $! sminrl rc* int' sita ai sPanoan

tulLt. S'aar," V^,ttu. o,irr4ldns,r; ol Kllhrnx I rccords rhar Bhrrra Krll'ta rhc

li;:::;r*l:,,=l-^:,;i1i",,.*,*'t-itli':,';'r*tp;-ffit*t*ri*!:*.*rr,,i

w

s- -oNn.,,rrio. ^'ir:ll:. .'i;,,, "'":'1"":i'::' ;:l':" ;"1 :'

ili;; 1- ,i::r:: ;l:l;;:|; " "t:":,.-:,::irji:1,; f"l": r"r'' :., :: :,;' ; :'.tlr: r : :;"-'"

;,':""' il l"

_i:::::";;''J; ':; l'':):' ; qonns I 'ov''l*;,ii11i'.,;;,:;

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ir,,.=::.,,;" ,,i r..,: ;:".r;, :r ::,".

' :: ' :

ITE TRADITIO) OF Tg.SASDA DES^

irri:{rr;{1,;jffi,, ..i " ri

.er ou,n-.d - r.adu:i::,";;-,,.,.._ _,.-. ,'"","",,'.* lL!ssp(ckLlh] t dgiroL''

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".v", lll.";-.l",,.,. " "."".,

.,,,'. ...,1,o-' ro' ""''" " '

* '-:::.,.,,",. .n"'.':.""" r-,",r'."ns o- r'".( '" "''.1,"., ", ,, *.".r ,' ."' il i'",,., r, ,, e",., ",.' ro n,'r'smbr''on f Jcol:'1.;.",,""d".-,"''l,' . "..^a,nr"t't' S'ttolr6 hi\' ollci s(D'ru L:,", .","". ." ': ' ',:;;'.l.TT:":''r-'- " ' i-'' ' ""': .,:,,"l.l'"".,;"1 :'":::;i. :"::l ;"' :"v

"o"a"'";;,;1.". ;i , *r " *- '-"" ""r:."'l .,,

" l' l-;'" .,;,, :;":. i:" : ;l';",,j ljil:,". :, ir '"i;; ..;""" .tr dono -". ,'i:

";::;":.,.::.;.".'. , ., "-- .r-.-'"'" lloh\erno.."....\., ,-. .,-,". . crd,,.r*. "".5,.,,,u '.t-- to -"uL"t' u' ^'' i'oi As Lmponrnr

',;.;' -":i"'- \' b'' '0- o'I"n"'')-or

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"rarraa''\c' :'".:,"-',0"'. ";.",."

. ..;;." h'roo^ nd'or

-. .:1ri!'nhiqrdt'Ihediniliiier'

q ^br

rnd. I lrt\ LUr\ \ rl

snr'rr6 ol /\blrin!vreupt3

Duilrnttdurl-ion dul1arh

Prtr Jb , i\i F Jn' T iln. \Llldr Lr 6i "l! d'

'rrrn"r'r.ri lrr4ar I 6io ',r.* .a'. r,

r lic ft (xurlrorolraJt'r//i{"tJar')

: r. i ::: Irnrd).,\ir,?d,r, (a c otudtktv 6Ndn tu '!).ltnarabh tondtria

. : : - :L it.\.t t i ianaLhai,.v, zrexrors va Yosa) Spd"a-s"'ro: r:_::.:lcorit,,ire(d,itui),.tfd,/._trtnarz(acommcdEryonrhc$holcsp"'a'' '. ),...abhiiiah.tdrd l* ]rh hi s oLvn comnenta.v), iM sl"r' 'vitnorlnti vitti: :: : c,ndnr;i),L'(,,/asbtdnti Tikl Pdta Praviikr nki nn sanbu Puncaiikn

- : --:li:n .n $c /ara,r, J'idr, &orr. (de'olioial conposiiion) 'hoioranukanno, .1,,;'antu suanha vit i

^td l/lt?ti on Pald'i"i/_srot"'ri of Ulpaladerr

.:::: ::t: !osi. a \sJ_;1o$ and delolcJ disciplE olAcarva Abrin'vaelpra qrorc rhree

,. ,..n o"-,, s, r',,r..r-" a, Gt ntthaP ruo''a ^rd'^taP anuri:u Prct

:- : :ri- reiions thar ihe n.nusipb ol rhse txls $eru in losesion ol Gopimth

! :t :nJ \lahimaholddhrav.NarayanaKhrhteofvsianasi rL

\l,I.ih (s.cord halrol I l" c.nturv AD) conmenrcd upon rhc Pdra'i'n"!'-z ol.,....-"3,,pn His co--*u,1 i" k'01$ as J"hi lniheconcludiiglreolrhisrexlhc

:: : : iiCla dnciPlc oll:\cm.iijrr':hardatd (lrrer hillof 121 cc'rurv D) is thc liNt [n'rn comnd ]tor on

i:, ::,,!d. Th is .onni cnbrv, I'i,7ii, has notheer 'vflhble

so lar lav'radra in hn '/irka

,:::! i h s i'iliarion inShiivism *N perlomcd I)) SrbhaEdafarr

IIION OFTID.NRADA DESA

;rli:hichrprerof hnconmcntary /irera(on ?,,tril'l').Javmlha(l2 lr"c'nturv

-r rl ids a Jcscriprion of hn mccios l/JL"a! i\ indnplnsabh loru c*ilndinsthc

:.: oc.dir Lsorl lc,rnl,t. Javr ha aho .ondbutd bvu wo'ks on lndirn pocricsl

,'t,:," ri,o,i'i,il" "."-"nntv

on rhc I(rdrmn poeri'ian Ruvvakr\ /l''tt'ra_-,,))dtlan\hdrtJlu)r

iobhrla,rsunb $rore I .odmcDrrrv o rlt Abhi'uvr's "dt'v'

s"/' fbn tl'e

:.istreDoiniorview PrcJ:Kc.P:idryposc$edrMSs ofthnconmcnkrvrr

Bl,irktrrkmrhr (l $! cenrury ADNrct hn hfr dDs commcnsrt'/Lirta/ion l:!zr''r'i .ir,rinin /r,a/ir.ol Ab[]n .guPia. H..rnsl ed/traNlnc'atcd ln' Lallo vnk

::roro al.onrposir or ollhc lad ceniurv AD \vof,'r' sintpodLxlID!v, i'to S'nsh it

:::hmkd rha\rorcacommcnrdryoDthelradtrriv,,(x{rlbedrosaseVtltLkL)rhich. i:i'ir. inrqircrxrionolrhislcrr Utr.tun.rd) dE comncDta!- nno lonscr:uilrbLe

!:: ilr.omposldta8.iiz,r'5r,r?. rdcsotionrlpocmon{hcoccaslonolhisvkil to rlic

. renrm renuls in Kad,mir'K{merd \us drc drcd dn.inh olAbhinavrgupra rnd is ariho"r tshoolol

r 1.in a (!o|licry) ii hdi pocrcsvLdchnwork,'lr.t-La_/t''?'al"llisorhft\'orks-: td. tl(bhnfth Manjdi, tt ntnvld Kali'Sata. C'tu'(:dtrd. !"i1i Kcl?lTah1

)i taratant Ca td Sdr..'-a l\latthi. Rtttutk!tt1. Maiiuri,rn S8 lt lilaku'

\hhen\ mimndrjr (l2'cenlury AD, rh. .llcbncd ho' of,l/4,t1l'' t/"r''iandrrommotrrqlhncupontu,uora.Nas.dcdicrlcdlollorc'ol'^bhinavalupriThoughhc

iq::1. ;'\-;i, l:l :'iH' ::: i." :t,- "' ; , .: " l: ;:..,

j-:"il'''"-.:;;;:;i: : : : :

i'i'il: l',' l l i i':tl;iil*i';J',;.; i ;,tl;t,. : t "

i.,,,* trl ijr1 ]l,iltl :. ,,,.."", ." , ,(r"r:. .. ." .,. -.,.,."..dn.,r,r.idLror!:..,,::;,:b,.,,,.,.,.,

. t t:, :,; .,:l;tl li,..ri-*lt;tirt: lli'j,rl:: i- I "

"'," "l' -..'"lJll'l'""';"'';'"''.. -n r' -rb' dr"

t"'"*:i ",,,

,,"", *"n tt"''t'" rc$ain'd on'ortheNo tuaior 'cntes

or^brridhlmr

bEnch ol Bndd$s for ccr(uncs

s**m*mru.Nffi*,i:lrl".,:"h1i ;:l' :.,:LiT::

j

CHAPTER 13

Lal Ded and IIer SPiritual JourneY

S.S. Toshkhani

il-}l-$i,trJ{l""u;$J#:",*;J:'#ii*.*r*r"r$#,n-,#l*,,.t*"r,,t

l;:n: ;Ti:".i"$J":T{1" iin.' -"', o"'**''** +" **

lii'un..le*-*fr'+",i,mAd n$ {ne o!flcme,hc a e or oeau

..' hs cpinaal cc.l,6d{m

,.. J:"r"15::l::jff ',,tli,'l':'n:":,:'"ii:i1li :"''; *"' "'""* " "

'AI- DED AND NER SPIRITUAL JOURNEY 167

n5n:f(rd'o olpurctol{ro-snc" ! bEr"ga le4 e\cl'nd'ie 'rv

dom )!e ved

ll"r-"'Ii."t"".'."'.:t.,',ndru,udr;''nLhe'{'ooo' K,*tr Lir\ryobcr'er

;,;;; :;;i; .-. '""'".""".d'r u.o he' ar'e-''rs1'neom'no 4vwrmI hn

"-i.,^"il.",1". r'" t " * ".,'ne "

moaenro_' olc Lrr Ded qved rhc inr'scnolq

iiii,i,ii'"*"i,.' i". "oroi'* ";d ;$rcd oititunv bv hkjrs thc 6ene drKsibir

iiii""-i" ii*;", r" ;"";n nativs speech '' choicc or corroquiar kshmni to

ill...,' '..i",".

i"'.,r"" r. shn ' qb oohsp' rie s'ed*r 'Bradr

r ' mrde id

i* "l'." "i.tl, -l -o *r.' "l

unl- a\ el rhr' nzJ ro- Ko$nr epan hn 'dvs"c)

"ii. i."",-"li."J- -'.*, c i'-cna'us 'pa'r ' "'a ' u-connon ocopre

;:;J;;;;;.".'d"',;,\.m mo'cinbr'e (erd dftmcndouJlraglhrv s

;;: ;;;' ;;- ;." Ano ,odsv. *hc- laji v'nr e\mc ha'\- db'- +!"'n ne

".',:1 ".' -:.;;; il '" r'too' tcc es barcad nd bruker' I Ded ( wo' or

;;:i'; ;;;,;;;;" '.;' ",' '"ricc and $cco' @ *e !o--dco ps)rr- orrs peopLe

- 'X" ;;,.;,;", ;"'i* conp'.rc ) o\n oorcd snd rrndo* "d! rd be Do nFd

",,' ;; ;;;;;;;. i" ' "'-

s\dibm "hic\ cnco*ceJ $' u"e o' .nc 'ec'orar

;";,,';;. i;, '"'.. -" s r..hin"< ri'vcD bcb-ning\ or xssr'mn lrcd''e de r

:;;""";;";;; ;."""--..; l wor' rke r"- c;,,aad'.;;;.';;; '. ; ."" uaLanava PnLoo*a \hicn ptov'dF i c m ricr * nen

:'::'".;' ';

*;;;; '" " ,'" Ls Dcd ' dcc-

'oD ro eorc* hsrr 'n *6bnrn

"."i ""ri t""" ..-tr'." ;a";iih rhis fador' Howevn n is in her )adltu thar tu

i"l'"'n" i*iiu* n"",it."'" "t

Kashniri pocrv *heftas drc errrier vo*s camot bc

*i.'lv.alled hLertd.omoosirions" ,',''..":, -r,"'i. .r i-rr . ,Fe medium b' her Ddcr oumou s_$drndeed

.*, """-rit' *" "n* *"tislic, crypric rollline vrle_iom was qrile sribble ror

'i",ni "- "r.r'"*" i r : drcd'ei Io,Lc e\prc' o-'nd ua r''o "''v ror rhc

:.-;;" ;,; ,;;;;" '" "" ""' "nd o rcmd e rr "s n' ?-doa c'oi e ror 'r ir

, *.,i. .- ',"01, o" *

"nole loso' o k"'hm s d\i- -!o\F acolre o

"t"i'***.- " " ***t,o liir nro I rhe ril'D or^-'rrk a"s mrdreJdior

;;,,;,;.;:"i;; .'"" $' Abhm$a-pb d"tr' 'a'ri ar '/a!r' o' -rnedne

;: ";;;.;';1"; ,-1" *-i, ,i^^- i" -"'t' I nrlq \r"edrom'hts

;:,;.i,'...;, ' '' " ' o. 'p".p;,, "- ro," *'" "-

w c'courd be usrd (o'

i'. ii.li*i"..". '".'. '','""e r L!rr' impo'ed B'othe' wc'indsrir krdLr'

;:.";;;;; :"i;. ;:,,,;,,,;',u,s'a'issrm,ru rcft s' o r LrrRuor B rdr;; ".;,"';, " *" ".a -.. *p"- hff -'{!ar e\oe-'encc" Bur h 'rh"' "...1-",t " .-"r".' " tL "hi

n'' Ded'nturo Lo ommJ- cde he dcer

'.i'""'.'. *"":** " -ro tr t od'lr'l''cm'in' n'urpa€ble Thrq e on hc*-

.;;;;l."; i;* .. r.; "d ,'rtr *'Le vcd( tri'e' ' -'rror' or \"n rnr he

r,^,, orpmrfl q c,al,, ofepibhnhsha or hcrh* n a purclv indigenous genre

may have a..'lemic rclevano:, bur the fdcr remins thal 3hc 4rflded tns limib of ib

Do$b fs ro the iMheq ho ons'- -i"t" -".. *_ *"

^ u dl"-.r \e fu\our' irs potrer dd p n"h sL $e !r3or and

.Lli'v;r1". rd-m, rr:.n(' being rinlonro bv 'fl usc ol im'Ee_) ulen rlr-l-i""i i. n'. - .*.. st^r'm ; K.'hmn r mar bc no "d e.i.i"*,,"*",'r'-.. *.'.'m.nna.-ori'so'ldrde.:o'-eJupo"'o'dtudl,,.,,*..* * 'r"l'

..al",ve D&1e' - rhe midq or rhc driJ 0o\ ofl' e Ir

-: ".i."' *.*,. . *.. t'"' 'he

im!a' doked b) he ve6e' -sunk 'n

oi 1'r'

;";":J;;. . ..""'. rno b*de an * he c dehehr ro' her c'\-F rhou.h rhe

i"*, "r'" *....r con- rbr nd' e'udcd the eEp ormd ) sFdt L'rDcdl

'l"io' -"1r" aia *",," o.'ia",rt"m wiih a spiribal vGion and doBl sftnslh virh

-i.i'i." l,'ra * 'r..ri

-'r" ,o mec. thc rmendous charrenee rha! rhe tincs po$d

'. ii.. t.-*' *-t'* LrlDcd qa< dor " mce ir'neBnr \oaan poerein

"',1,f i;.."5n, J-,, "1-ur" '\c 61'nurry orfi\e rhouimd vc" orKir trn

- i.","_ir"-

"u.-' L,' oa .gdL h rhd "de $d e\hodinar l qpdr'l snd a

-*' ." ,i.''""r* r'- " **"i;c'sonal'D por'" in a sp*irl \o'ce kn a {-cial

-.,t' ,1,' ,r'. .,.a" . "'" vord' -'cd ov Lrndd HA ro

a"l-. r"r"l *r" *"".*r "'r "sn k! ro ne' Yd rorul' s billiance as 6 poe(

;;;;,;;", '. , " ,, n., d;zrinb r'r'c rn:is\b sd 'merec* 'M-nen6

*'i."'i'.^''". --' r,' o*, + "r"* ' rou in

" t'u* 't"u'erus

lesend'und

;;;.";;:i ,.".-." hd .unound r' 1r! hd' E'u rd in Drudns ncr rrual

i,.""-".t""i".1. t** ", "'t l k ir ar) T:(rd *d "

ob c' \elv \eafi 'ble

and

:;.:;;;:;;;; '; "-;" '.

.me'orrtob'nserctu ! 'md

beN*d ra'r and

i.,." ''.i',"-,1' *-,,"i"t'"t. b'\ rhr' !m hmlv be soccred b 6te u! 'd

'- -*it rrr. S"-rr" nanirld 'e roGl'v'il!n ab'u' Lal Ded\elrren'e petup'

*. ';;i.;";; * "d

*.u, r a mr.Eu d had rirrrc o do lrh thc rins' md

;.-:;";,. *ii;i' -"'.-o '".eue'. *. Pnndn c'xon'cres Fo c" no.l. ns sbour he

',.i "'-",-*Jo,," "a*- . irtohe'ds aa'itaa kaon a Laro inhr troaqtaar

i'i.,r.l" ",

r"" * - tr+e ^l

rdier, Dawood Mishqari h'd ncntionod her nane in

.,"i^i.,--. ""i ".

r,*-,-r rD,,' ' b54 aD' But w'i b roreoim s rhd Lh'

,l'.;;.';"'; t-.. .er.c o hs h bv RuDa thdsdn r16?0 7?0r' iho I he

4,,!a...,,1ar, rd rlerlr d rrosFdss t'l D.d zc hn gr

Shtddha a\o tv tadhtonLal noan lal Porunt Para

(I hare .s ny suprcme g! Lallesh*ari' vho G puE dd 8leallv ledcd )

j. ! r very sisnilicm( irlcmcnl.onrng ftun loDcoDc wh. is hcrelf resarded

:::r Kdhmni $omrn myiic pod rnJ ls cvctr rc\crd as ri i'icrnratior of the

::..i Eh atriby r sedion olKhhmiri Pandi6. Thc pirolhh bcir.cD hcr Liii aDd

:: lrLDed m nmrsoui incluJins ill tcdmcnr bt rhc husbrrd ard hn fanriLy Nor

' :::i Rupa Bhxrani .du r$ctonlially ro Lrl D.d rs li.{ gun rlonc rvirh htr o{n: \i:chr Dhrr, Nc find h( cvco dolnin8 rhc srmc podid nyLe and using rh!: :-i:onn,r.. i.usldbyl.allr And ycr ,n lild, {lii.h ha! sisnificrnl rmlncdiois::-rj!h$mrny. n)1h floalcd $ourLrLDcd. is rlmonconDlereLy ignorcd Whar

: : :: r.yond any shrdo{ ol do,nn r ri l.al Dcd Ras nor sudderny discovered by': :::: :1.htunidns*hiholhnslmdromtlcrcly r.reo .nh Thc hcl isthatLaLDEd, r Jn! rcnlird rLnc in lolk rncDory rid lolk in,reiration.li on Ly tm'smirledi,:i :::^nrg h( vi Ldly a \isdod lrcc lor glicrdons orcoinnotr Kas[mnn

::::ui hiv. rL.crJy bccohc o rclcr.d icoi orrhc Krshrntisocicry*hen Ralarrkr: : . ::: Fjntrcd do$ snq or hd ler'A iar rl,c ftn ri'nc in d,. shamdr ssipt idd

-: :r:Jrhlmn oSutr[irsotr,cfr]rsrhc Lrir].citury Yd.l,trphcromenaLpopul.ir],: : :-.1! hn.\i lirri'n!, ard rhc tcDrndotrs ,cvcrcr.c she.ommmJed drc ro rhg

d rs tr sri't hd tD d.rcmined and sutuiicd:_:::i ri buiLd lals. in'r!c cor!tucs rmlrd ri$ Nnh t[c soh olrj.d olapp.opnding

: ::: :.oLrgcs ro{alltalLcr lohtrrrd i'roD,FlibLcNirh rhe noD duaL K hmf Shrn.

-: :: :h,r llrnns N d.g[l prfr of hcr Drntl rnd iDr]ledurl make upi r hr ilnhrt complicatd dr situatoD rnd urleNhed noms olconluion.nd.::i) s r li.trzied .:nDai-qn b litrl htr r'nh pmbgoniis ol proscllriziiS Sun

. O,rliGr cd claiDs olinrerrnehlior olnriy Suli demcnt idro hdpo..ry ric, r!1,.{ slio l]rofes ro be sholaF bui rrc rchrlL} kry uncotulon.blc s h thc

:r: t.rrofe nho is .ecarded tr a symbo oa\l, eyer kshmn iaids lor bclon8s

:'r : r.ligiousrealitythrnrheir ,\difsof lhe;rliliousEflcxsthctus.h$ci srJi cLeneDG rs r p oj- ro snarch aNay LiLDed\ rcrl idenrir) llom hci Thftc

: ,r r dr rxr oaher v{ses to supton drn hbi.rlions rs }hdcrn Lrl Dld hs::: rrbsoLL eLr$iihinrhelnmeNdrkollhenon du.lSh.,r.philosophyolKashnnj: :i: roud hare Rupr Bharmi tu.epred her a spnilual ptucapror.nd lvcd

_ :::: r. nrLe o. Shmr rrqir used Srnrk'ir yogic Gms 1o piy r glo$ig pocri.. : . h.rl Nrenurs 10 re slo( ln inlo .onvenrions .nd synems orhd rhan ro {hrh

: ::r I b.Lorged re molivaled by inGnLions io v'b\{( htrroicrL fids so rh.. rhc nlL: l:j r lon 10 us.nd repL&ed by.n nnrr{hnric sh.do\ -lo sry, lor rsan.!, rhd: .:.1\in! by hq s. mcl.phoi rc\c.ls r dccisnc Pcsian mystic ind, lhccfon,

: :_rcn!. s ro bct.y n(q igno nccolrhcpodi.trd,rionsroshichshcbclonged.-: :rid Crolusdy u*d by hq predece$or, rhc cclebntd althor of J,,ndrrr?41!/i,

., :r: r0 desr be hnna.eolGod Lnrol cdioi. At ofe tl3ce, forcx!n,pl.,lie ercltriDs:

3r;i;;;;1gx Jii#! i::!di:*i::1il:1"$ffi:1i"-":;*:

-F6i$*,1";*-'.il4,,:;l

".,..i-"o" *^**t .*'-l:l-

" .", .",,, , r, DeJ _ d.,e n ,.d*...r . ^,i," 1,

.",",'],1.,1".,",i ,,* *." o"o^-; "^'oi oldriishc cou e

d-ddedd&Ji r!l'e o:illli_li"""iii"i" "*""0 -,, ** n'"

fo, .n,: .s,..coi,tu.r '"1-19:,:",^,::,;;,"* trd h,.o,.a, p.au..b:,q arone

u;:r;:: ;::ll"':.li::"ll :ilj"l;:";":" ;:l ;;l:, ;:;r:: r':ll;

U iili;,i"#linil-t-'5;31i15; ",{-;i,l"' lll""l; ;;'.i' "":i: ::"':f .:.1" ::l'" :":"1 1." - .*-nn;:'::'::;:::::l ;;:-::1.1'TlL"i'i..l '""--- "'

**"""' -,. ".*-:' ":":;".;;;,.on\,tsdrpo.< $ho< "'ll ."","",;. ***""

-iutJi:il;{l'ii,li"il:'*{'1"'""t',,: l f: *[i{r;iir.*it* l',''*xid J::,i{r+T: :jrJil$rl.:l*,,"";.".:;;i:;t**i*,+:;...*l"*'*'*

. "o

.luc Lo Lhe acLual 'hronoNs*" -*

l',1,'.".i,,L,. *o '".*" -, ^. ^ *, rre o d'rcsa',r c '4 hls

,"", l,';-n l ;; ;:: ll :;:'; :' ; :;: "; i' ;'"' ""r"'' -".--

:::rurh \hilcorhc6 may bdong puiely io the realm ofh4jogiaphy dnd imali.arion. Au!:: ..daim hdnor as a mysleious absmction bur as r.cal pc6ona, Rc can pick up rhe: isEphical rhcads scaftred in her yaalrr and recon*ocr rviin lhcir hctp tacr ot her

-tri. lifc, hd expcdenc* as a won.n. hd viess abour rhc rctrlionship bcrwcc. cod,

Lc. us bcgin wirh rhe ory olaninircved villige cirl inteHrd morc ri aisws ro:\Lncirial quclions rhan in nu.dare naftcN Her tauma begrn rhe dry shc lva n.d.d:r a riDcompoophusband iffensirile ro ho spiritu.l reeds and a mothcFin-taw who usedlnolaiivc nc(hods ro sane and romsnr her. Thoush ihis secns !o bc id tin! vilh rherl.al moihcrinlaR daushrer irlaw $ories cunenr in tndiu totk tdr. il ma! ror1:.e$iily bc rorally lidilious As Mdnion believes, LalDcd finaltyplr hd foor dowD

-d \alkcd o r of hs unhappy nad.8e, snippirg al1 rics wnh hq husband and rhe

I'aDi.el nolhn-in-lax he fl mhpoint .anc when j rccordingro ihc tcgcid, rhc husbandr:oke $ith his slick lhc pirch.r ofw she had caded home alLrhe wry trom rhc ivcrr:nk ThissasorcolLalla'sJailychoEs,buirharmonincshel,rssomcwh unusualt)'de * she rook a lilllc morcrimc in her medibrions al hd tavourire renrlite orNa(alcshavaBhd va, making hcrhusband suspcd her fidelity. Thcpir.herbroke ro snirhsccnsbur:5! *dtr is said io harc rcm.incd as itMs and shc is srid ro have fillcd au lhc vcscts:1hn kirchen with ir Thc rcfrainins rarershelhrew ourside where ii fonncd a pond rhar;amc ro be cal Led as Lalairae (siruded in Pamporc, ncd srinagrt, srys rhc lc3cid. Thisb.c.de d decisive

'nooc.r for hq and \he revolte'lj mrking il plain io rl[ tyrui duo rhd

:h! could rake ir 'o

ronSq R.lusing ro phy $e geM*.deremined rcle ofan obcdi.n!drughrcrin l.w any Dor, shc eid 6ar sbe sa! goiie ro r.ke her oNn decisions aid!hoo$ hd own way oflirc. Lcavingh*husbard s home tor erq, shebecam awaidcnn8$..!c.lt vrsin no my clsy dccision for a \omd ro rake in htriimc. rs ithnhcrso.ially unF.oiecicd rnd i!$c.uL

Livin8 her 1ile.tr hd own rlms as an indiiduatnow. sbe hrd no onc !o took for,qDidaice orhelp exccF rhc old Siddha Sh kr.rha, adep! in Kashmiri Shatvi yoga *hobelonge'l to rhe linease of thc sagc Vasusuprr Earlier in hd tite atso shc had rclcivcd:pnirui dnstion fbm him on tlr cvidcnccpmvidedby hdvrss, one can sarctycomcro6cconclusionrbarshemunhavcsudicda\idcrangeotlhcsodinalrexhorKashhirShanhn wirh the vcncnble Shaiva man$, inctudi.g rhe ld,r?al,ka, Shivanttu lnd

One cannot bur vond*, thereloq ro fiid mod.n f,ar Ded schol.6 tikeJrishrcc K.kOd,i icccpt on rhe onc h.nd rhrt ,Latta,s vcncs Eveal her dc.! knowledec of rhccsolcripncricesolKashninShaivisDi,{ and on rhc orh*lrand usc all rhe shrjltr.miris!larSoialh0commatr,lron.kes emc siih$iudyof r saiflpocr, rhal have rcrltyro rclcvancc: ller onl r€nstuissior cm bc sccd as a llbverive ac! ro rhe sriicn

di$ou6e io vhi.h shc dd olher psplo did not havc accesi'r and, Herlileinnanvways rcpresenb a ch.llcnge to the pEscripiivc idcology olBnhninical lexb, includiig

lhc Cira.. '.' etc Onc does nor know on wh cvidence she describes Lalla xs an

ouisidc io rhe Nri(en Kdhmii shaivrhdnion. '' In t,rkirssuchsweepinsobsflllonshishrce Odin seens to be toeirg rhu linc ol thc colonial hislorians ofvorc and thcn

prcsctrt &y succe$o6, th. Mraisllibdal scholaB vho reducc everyrhins Hind! io.Brsid'knl - a bogey sone dysd-in-trool fcn,inhb .ko nnd lshionxble ro flautrt

Arun Shoune has aptly summed up rhh lci'lib-leminis! .pptoach to Hinduisfr ir rhe

lollowjng words, In a wod, bot6 conpliot !trd erilon thc one hrnd and cYDloirarion

on ihe other are gcmane to! rhcy dc inh.rcnt in Hinduisn: HinduGm is Bmhni"nm!REl,minhm n rhar'ism *nich swcs thc inrt.esb oflhc BEhminsithcsc inr.rcstscan

only be seflEd by the exploiladon of and opprcsion of people ol loHindukm isno.esailv an armecmcir lor the exploihtion andsupprc$iotr olthends

Jahhree Kak O'lin knows, or should have lTo*n, lhn Kashnn Shaivkm does no!

dh iminate on lhe basis ol.dtc. crccd or sender md that rh. Tanlric sondvie* ir is

rootd in holds lhc ultinate rca liry !s lem in ine in csmce Hs pctll fo88ing. theFloE,

ovcr whdher ths inpeNonrl and rdnsccndenr reah, called Shiu is mdc or lenalc is

inconscquenriali whatever h feninis! rctlexes mav nake her to sav shc suftlv knoss

lhat kshmir Shaivism hrd ib fem.lc adcpb nuch belore Lll Dcd appcarcd on the scenc,

Yocilis like Keydnvti, Mrdanika aid Kalvanika havine impd.d rhc knowlcdse ol rhc

doctlioes of ib K/a/d $hool ro nalc spimnb Yogmj3, Bhrnuka and Enka. vho in

hrm spread n b areas rs tu as rhc Chola kinsdom Lr As for oral tansnission rhat sas

how discipks wse ebally intoduccd ro the rheory and pmdicc olron durl Shaivism

by then p@epto6. Odin should hNc also rescmbeEd $d rhc Srerr AbhinavaClpb

Cave priodq to diftct cipcncncc over knorledg. of *ha1 shc crlls the pi.scripiivc

r*b'! and if Lll Ded did so ir ws nor just bccoue she tas a woDrn. bur bccaNe sh'

Nas a nistE$ oi shaiva yog!.

Perhlps L\is is t dierc$ion, bur it becane necesary !o sct rhe pdspecrive dshr'

Coning bek to Lrucshvari, shc beAan a new life as d libcnred von.n {ilh the q&n

ot the divire raking h$ fiom place ro place 6 a tandcrin8 aseiic we do not knotr

anything sFecificatly about ihese {anderings of hc6, btrr she rcnouiced onlv rhc

householdels life and no! cxcrly rhe world 6 Ihat *as nol lhc Shaiva sav of rpEodching

*istential prcblens. All wc cm sry is nEi she gor Siddhr Shrik.nrhat guidancc aM

sFpalhy in lull ncasurc 6 she sd o$ on her spnirual quest, evh lhough lesends srv

that she muld noi ftsist kkit8 occasidnal polshoa cvcn al iim This is lrcs Ne nnd howhen she shned her spnitual joumey, romenled bv lonclinc$i uncetuintv a'xietv, sclf_

doubt. innq mnflici, yot rcstlcs ro find out lhe deep s@rcis of lile and death' We havc

no ic:n. ro kruw r--lsL,r?. -.o po.dmu. har'e b-" L bu. Ncrf T I,a\r.,r ! onF b tic. -. a trcdi - o erDe q he_!.0...nd r.s .h,.o.ome.I T,sith rh. d mt, rhe Lniscido| ihc divine. tr nusr have hctped hcr 10 rekin hoequilonc anidn m latrunnoil. ro survivetHcie ir how she dcpicrs hcr *are ofmiMin p.ob.blJ, oDe other carliei rhough mo$ qenoEbtc y,,t r:

wdr, !p-or u."i t" L-jd I oN my bo I upon..o.^anwil nJ God rr.x me rnd.ar\ me i.io$,Likc wacr in rc$ds oi unbrrcd clay, I am wasriDg aLyayOh, hos I tong thdr I would .c!.h my homel

.Th,s vss *oks rhc tmCc ofa fonon and fnrt wonan tighritrg isine waves roo\ hF 1.,r. ood ru d p-r,0. {j \ - d pid)e ouoo or he. hp. - d rlt"......r hcln'o', tr rh. o q.hd- e hen' !, ho r,.. :o n hns no e l'lc

an d gu,,reo. ).,. N.ro! \. omh hL qe"t Lt D!t. u.r,n. , {hc .hc Lmo, cd on icHo{ un..,- o. hcr.r. Hou hetc$. tow s toa: , o,b hr:rc1 ".! m-.rm:n \d ,fl,o,h trfln,oror.m.,nd ciJvasd,B,?o cr3 or-\' kn- hon- u cL bv 8hd{. poL.. 8ur houotrc. . gtJ pa.oda . \.. be. omcTie. r- rod\ u(tu'rdrhcrd- ,.-T. r1o.ou u rou!,ed,nd

berurilol 6 rhc dsociard jtoase ol6eitrg wried like sarcr in vc$eh ot unbaked clayThis is ij?qt Lalta origtnita.dexrenctycrealve.Thctcelingorttusirrionandut.rf t. "s, or 3. e fo-. .ha, I \ Te,"r\u, etrrc!.e. I. mu r mo. _3.

ln,c. L,t Ded ..- c. -,- r,, _dr,aorLt o, -, .",,. *C. "".1. -.gt". .,aspir{bns a'ld ichievctoenis. somdimeslhcyshowh bcscr*iih rackof scttuonfiderc!'ntl ov.'(on. " /c.r r .nt ru rr, depc,.T, crte$ + turlb s

'n r ,

'e.x'on pv1 \t,tri 't-rtrp nr\.odE,onrhrr Tcnrh-r,lnJ'e htJ .'reorr.odio1.nr n Thtre re".u,.r.!1.e.\ -rah/- har

4i hr,,r!' .

o I'c. o og,c . .\.a, ts hc, oe rn".io . Bur,,t r o c' i.i,'t,,c. heri. {o d rcT urc,c - .o.,obes or d_dc., ..:Ir-, a,n ,on' 1,rh \ope o o.oo. .S,it.r,.oronrto"cM LD' 3 blo$ d,Ll h. ! n,er 3nd rhr .rd!r e ( b neAid rhc spinDjig soman spun ,nc inlo s fine v.mThe $ca!q edched hc otr his toom wnh a k;kB . ql.'t- r..he.-.n o,.-d nc on i.. ^" h,nA noneAnd rubhd me hxd w rh ru *\ canh iDd lddAid rhe hr urs ra5o6 r, me p,(c bv o,cceft.n La r. r" u. ou,", ,t. "* "r,r,.

s",*-"

.lncLrla!'e'*_drs'ogvorrheprcRdofnrula(tu nbasm(' fari 01-

"".':'],il.;;i';;' ;'*mi@"ros'ase orhe' pn''rde'dF<:T:: ;.* ,;:

";;-..':'.'*n.*.w bd Nr i' no wA bu' ro so irusr

'r'

*u" "-.,.,,ne p..".'o "*h

*e lindr'uge or per'N' ne,,. eq. oped .

r" ,norh{ le6c shc hes ro rv rhsr she s 'dr awsre E

""" -:J"":: ;;1, ;":. ;;;-"ii *- -' -*'r,. "'r"*' "t'i'| fo''I 3t-'c

F.r mv wooden bow l h'!e a (cd for an stu\j

^. .'r'ttcO 'am'nro

ro' turn'ng m) m'€l nmuonr

In the nark.lplace. a shop ungu'rded am I

A body unclemsed bY waieN holy

Oh hoN can ! rcll nY Pligltl

rl.* can st_ e\re r'o h r r L-Brr !h'|\c d-* !r ha s Nr m$ I - i

"'".J':;;1 :=..';;;."""""' "f: h"' sd rc blrd hF rc'rr -Jn 'o ' :":;,ft.'l":;;..,;1.-;",.herbmJ H' p vr'"'-dm'o

^,.'""i0:, ".'"r.""a ' r''lp r'; ''n mrc r'er 'd' m' +ebN'dh'tp"(:

1; ;':'";"';'"; cno *r' c'\* ri'rrc - m' sh' r'v h':'"T:fj-:'"'"'":T,;1, ,

rhc ddsl or r@qnB 'n

r-ft unsu"ld " "1'"'* ',*' l:i" i.,n "r, ",' "

."-.--'irdiircc \hrch en be e6ilv btrBl?d Htr m'id 6 rK( d

$ Ln ,E '!o.ql'h llr 'lceo ning m 'r'

d'rd'oa"'i' i"i*.r*'- -"'ds in re emp'ne$ hNem No uo rd\' o' r-r

*:i:*i;m:.1;t;; :,,f ..t1"",::,,;:,l:;j,llir ::;' i:'.,--

The sling ol nv candv ldad is looscned

Bmr b mY bodY I'ke d bosi^ ' kn.w hos 10 (!nY fiis burdml

Ut .u.. "o,a"*" pu-' ""

l''e ! bliJfl o|o*,;;' noc\ rhhod r 4cph'il lhdc e'orc

Iie $c,c\ of \o ldlv plc-ur' ssefl dnd c1( -g a 'rnd la bcCu -

.. "::: i;":;.,::,:;';'d , o"ie,b".LhA oo..-eo \""bsa,fo h'"-

i.J:".'""*,: , *::. *, n- *,"- h6 Fow.bcmme "::..,:T"*':"i'i;,1:i .-.,L'*l"l::::-[1"":::T":""]:"li; "i::l:i"'

"'' """ " "'-che nnds $at mttenalit' still distads hd

^ , ^no.he \" rI dLs-tu$ edb){tsd b'ddGcm'dmrrtl, 'l'..:'',; ",olo^,eu'*uo -'t' gr''nJ!d r dqdbe /cm (hd

h,irN* "p ',,1*h,' 'h" " F b

i . ne b\ 'hc n's $d/ D ov '!c rurs') I "d or at I

ihnd€d I an nok h:lr*sv on rhe 'nhrnln(ntAnd ihe li{ht ofrhr dr} I'A rl(!d\ f:de'r

I ruhed dr po'lss bdl nor J psnv Llrd I ino''".;,;'-;;'). ik.rrd brhn e-cd' "

innerknosledge gared h rpplied (o rhc cxtcnDl{orld in cxhvctr meditarlon and rhc

Nrer is lookcJ u;m s a sss rom or ihe inner', as Dvczrosski puis itr5

Ycr, ignoring whri it..o!llv sccks ro convet the mcaning ofrhis vc^e h bcc'

comthElym ildcd The connsrion ofthe lan linc is sevcrcd fon thecoireriprcvidcd

h";" fi; th.a li"* -d hq e.pbdis on rhe.sEsv orriw'rdnes is neaied 6 r-al

;d\ scli-conlcsi.n ol*mdering in th. rude. The word urd inthe odginal Kashmiri

irra' Rhich ncans lo dance a drlso obliquelv io \rndcr" So n is subjcdcd to

LvilLlul disbnio' and rrken ro msan drar Lrll. actoxll' disr'bsd ind went abour r rhat

$are \{dDUt.aridB for soclal convcnlions oldeconm ordcccncv This is hrdlv crcdibh

as sandsiDs nak; in the rreezing rcnpeEtons olKashnn wints isju$ nor rosibls'BNides. LaiDed hc^clf in scv*rl ol hs ver$s hlks olrhc Decesiq lor lccdiig rnd

dod,ins th.body. Tryingro exphin thliSs, Georg Feure$'in cxlr<es rhevicw that the

",,.",,,"""-i ., labolo I-pnrou'd ured-'!\ritr' "n! ' pocd 1or

D ' p* 4-dl |I i- l & D'r s Fa_ I !bo_r Fi 'Lhd

d,.-;* "t^.l,rd'elmteru4 di s e na J,r'4{, or tc 'i1g

..-"1."h.",'.' ' ' Id..drl"- Eneo'dooo\r"| loqnorheri6o' \elorsL

codes oldres and deconm to the {inds, likc rhe kndadr sai poe(es Mlhrdevi'k}a

ir can bc lakm as h Lasl .ct old.firnce.g!iN an omre$irc social sv$'m *hose

io dtr d {nnudron tules she iuj .o! d nor 3i.cpr'

;"-rr'Jr {{at rl '''ro 1

husbandl homc aDdrdok a leap iih rbe dark ro s'lotrt on rh' unexplorcd prth 1o 6vnic

r.rliz.tiotr Rljccting . sociallv poreded life, shc finds he^'lfvulncr'blc rnd cxtosd

b .rykind;rins;dirymddxicry'includinsrharofi'v1i3orbtrnser'asrhisvcrsc

O rcllcs mind. do nor bc ri.ridlThe Etcral One is rakin!.xre ofYou

You nry mt kno$ ir, bui He *ill $tiars vour hdger

To Hin rlone You mui cry lor bdl

In anorho re*e she sysl

Do noi rommt vou bodv {ith pangs ol huns* itrd thn{wh.d ii feels rv$k and $erry, rake rcndcr cae oi it

whik shc hcd rhe hash rcrlilies ol lilc likc hung* and porcnv gilh i sensc

sun.nder bcfolc rhe divim will, a'd s iirensclv a$arE of rhe rgonv rnd ttrSuish

exiicnce, shc n Crerrly exci(cd about rbc temcndons N$1bilirie( 'rtn'slonraiion

hL DED AND HERSPIfuTUAL JOURNEY I77

shs psses lhou3h various phrs* ofhei my$ic life. As her vme reverl, h$ sensibilniosare constanlly dsailed by rhc innensity ofhunan suflc iaaialllovoh existential swoll 6 spiritu.l. But lot hs ib soldon lics in rhe bondolcnl gmce ofshiv4 for nysricunion with whon ho cneine and lon8ing intnsilies day by day:

I, Lilla. sel out wirh buding longingAnd sccking, $archin! pa$cd $c day bd nilhrTill Io, I saq to ninc orn house bdonaingThc Pandit, and seizcd ny luck and nar of li8ht.

(T6nsl.!ion by Nila Cr.m Cook)

In emc En8lhh ireslations thc voil r'drr'rd Clndir) ol lhc ori8inal Kashfriri has

becone r leamed natr .buthcrciirclnsro thcmsstrolrhchouscit h stillused i. commo! KdhDili parlancc. Synbolically, it mcans rhc Sclf, whilc rhcword h se' synbolizes llrc humu body. Inlcrcstingly, lhe Kannada Vachana pocr

Basvd.m ako inmkes the synbolis ol $c masrq of rhc housc in a simillr scnsc.

We nowse Lrlla exFrc$ilg hs m'stic lelings lhc tangs ofscl)a€tion,lhcpalnol ecsbric lovei the bunilg pa$ion of ine desiE ior communio., thc frusLatio! olloosing the dnecdon, ihe roral surender ol€o before Hh sil1,llE dclmriDrtio. rosumounr rll difnculties in love\ My and rhe ccsrasy of dre 6ral bcaiiludc. Hq cforlsto overcome the liniiatio.s and ve*ne$es tlEi bind he! to inc milcrial rcality" edinpede h prosas iniensify. She ralias thal tlrc gret a8ony shc has cndurcd has itsroos in innate isnonnce. Slre tis ro am hescli with a clcarcr vision and a grc.rcrawdenes and seh out in a l@ric sarch ol shiva:

I, Lrlla wearied mysclfsrrching rnd scckingSt.inins my every nere I looked for HimBur lound His doon slammed a boltdMy lon8ing bccme all rhe more inrense

And I sloo'l rhcrc keepinS . walchltrl eye for Him.

To erpEs her peNonal nystical arvmne$ of the Supreme Reality, Lal Dcd l!k6rhc tuurc d l Jcvotion, layirg bare lhe woun&olhersoul ro Sbivd, thoug6 her dcvolionh hccJ wnh specularive kiowhdgc. As hy vadlrr revedl, she combines her qucsr tor8no$ic illuminarion wiih the deprh ol her enorion.l experience. The ease siih wiich she

csiablishcs an cmorional relarionship sith shiva, rhc incfiable, ihpn$nal and fomle$Cod olTrikr mcrrphysics, Dlkirghin lookDe6onal, points ro hd genius borh m a saintand opoe!.In facr, myyical rmdirions have sought and affimcd rhe po$ibiliry of sucha rclrlionship". Lil Dcd rries lo nake n compatible $ough ho sptrdid in.gery vhichshc 6kss lmm hcr evcryday experience. Kashmn shaivnn, it nu$ be nored, does nor

:.rJ;:::,::;:::::.:::: i;fi :":i"H l':l#ll*;l#:l :: ::lil: I:;^r,"*rff;:?:T: J:*::J;;J:; "",-'*" *"". *'a m A he' mvv

;:iliTr:"i ;:"k';."r'""t*iU', ;i*:i:$ii:flfililiBn i, {ourd bc s'onb o 3re th'q mt!"! s'rz i sul::ol::q\

s)ra fd , rardevssha:.a BMrri trsd ron rptr\nrd lt s*d pod'."*,"'-"-

sr""kr,,Eho oFccded I Dcu dr'nougr rhq'pI *.1."'".lll l*.*,,y "r'..*u"i. ., eh'.,."+-" a"'' a'"''"'"' I'jltlol'-''" *." ,,

".,.n","":,i',rrff rilif :t:i"ii*l,t-r-:;.**t**it*i;e ronorP'ardrd rnd 'r'a'sta ' La\*d "r!":*l::.

""- Biaua \m.rs"r

i :;lll J ,x;*,;il:l'tr: i;::,:"*: :i:."l,flll;lfltl t;tl

[iq**#r+*:[[***sffi

**ffir*-5$ffiHin md cven Po$es Him:

t diffuscd oubidc ihe light lhar lit up *iihin me

And in dial darknc$ I si4d uinAnd held Hifr rigitl

, a'a dd rdd'hoh'e'd rs b rl''":"1"' :1":il;1

":T",J,

1Tii1.:

iH'"*;;;:ll *::, :"'."'#;",;'1i""'1"11'llii;':'"""''''""^'"'

I AI, DED ^ND

EES SPIRITUAL JOURN6Y 179

: i! oaq5r '\'cl-r or I r'dirf'e F oi nr rsJ rhd I 'l'd dore! r'1e b a6 r

.^;";;, ';:. "".. "' "t'- Nmr 3n- rtse rr m!'uc 'rrecBndtuNr"

3q"

.'."".1.i,J'.""j-- ** -o'"ro'e tr'' - ' rs " rh * ''**'ma c"

Here,otr e Lm hordLng Ydu rn m! fiilg.- t- "",

r * '*" r-, *t"ru re )ou flefliB''" '" - :;'"" h^';"" 1"nr

'on bv oaur r' vurpi \

uFaiadcva roo;6oibs this Mv$icd Nighl a d calk ir the Night of shiva:

Lei rhs incrprc$ibl. NiShr

Shiva whos. ndian! c$ence

lr G iD i hat rhe noon atrd

<ircaJs s oM brishme$rie sun s sell r orh (dtrl trsr

(Srrt rrotltait: Translarion bv Parl E Murphv)

\Dn,n".arlDo dc!' bs rhl r ehr o -dilseLaede-l n-Fo'e (hn'a!

""''ll:,;T,;;; l;;.-. ur srdrrres r'Lrcdu{ '}I)rbotr'ro i'

"._,, ".,-1,:....',r.t'..'tr -o.6 n'Fcroio* |n-'

The dav ri!1 bc *lingunhed and rhc nigh rill 'ose

rh! c"nh silL he erEnJcd 'o he \k)

;.',;";, ;; ,'. ".^ " ".". e -oo1 n.' q ro Lo uD idh-

iJ "*. "' *.,et' .01. r . 'e' rtsrr!'"o oor\hn!

:t - K"j mtr Sl \ c " p '1r

De iia' r'd !une' )g rno 'ar' qrll (onrin e ro

..',.,, f. "l^,.,''.,' """' i 3r'd\'Pud' /' o rcmpe( sb'a "r qi\

._ " *,r.'*",*""'o lhh !ltorrDh01)bre nns 'o ofmelhl - c

- I "":h1 ::il.;,. ;;;;: J--"i ."e" r* ., r''' "r "+rr or' rhe

-. ., ';,;;l-,;:;..;:;" h. -.i.'" * -1"o'.. -' I t\' rrcr' 0'06)

- ;". ;,. : t"' " ! n'e ro r i rr'cn"! o d,'i'v e'- *n r' adrr' "-d.,.,.'j:,::'::,:; ",;,';'' oto i o* - -otn' d "o^'o'

;. ,";'", ,". ''"' .. . .. Jr'lg ts rr uL " 'ar' 1 'd

d! sno6 c n 'r'.-::'',i:' ;". ,",;.''-' .r - i. -a .*"o-"0*' b I I m co be ng

''"^, .,..'.'-"'r"-_." r'oa n'Fdrn t p-') att"Ldoaoatt'a h"

' ' '': ; . ,:" *";:""

il j' "

ao i""" 'ag' 'r'" ' o""'

- ' '"_^' '"t *u*'trt - rhcp<J\'o11 'rr'f io

' - ",".:":.";" ;; ":;-, da"rer'r& dr{r'on r""ord-rnn' n'

"_" "-.r; "", r,d.J,o trmikd.-osrJsc ano a

.'' :-i;;" ;. ;' ; ; ; .,r""' "n r';-e .-"o'd o o e abo-r aco'drn"

-- * ". t *' .*.. " r'*e 'mp

r E o'inb 'n

o prd) i ' o'o \' o $ic

pure, rndivided conscidusn*s or PaFmdhiva concreti4s inro rhe univeis covennS 36

categories of linned, narerirl cxtlcice. For over@ring these limirations and libcnllnerhe individul soul lron bond.ge, Triadic m'€ti.ism ofies a whole rdge ol mcdiklivcrchni$es or nethods knoen as

'par)ur. Lalleshwlri appeas to be fully avdc ol thcsc

md cldns 10 have purlfied hesclf of aU lhe impulilies caused by Mayd and is cvolutsrhrough intense pEdice and yogic discipline. She chins:

lnpurnies vde eipcd away frcm my mind

Then only did I albin knowledee of lhe SellAld rhen I b.beld rhat He ms near me

I rcrlized that He i! all and I am nolhirg,

Hcrc ihc us of mimr d a netophot neds panicnlar andion h h lhougn the

anrlo8y ol qremal objecb refle.ted in a mi@r rhar Shaiva thinken ol K6hnn *phinhow oanifesrarions of consciousne$ aE tep ated lion rhc Sclf'. In s*enl othcr

v.66 also Lalla cl.iN rhal she ias puilied her hind by buming de dos th.r had

gatherd Iound n and prcvenled rhe self 6om rEvcali4 iB Lae nature. As, for insuice,

Mv hean I pdrched as lame6 parch (ne gninAnd from rhat fiie th*c came a wontlnus lighr

And ShiM in a fla6h I did obrain.(Trmslation by Nila Clam Cook)

Ld Ded, n is s.id, anained enlighrdnmt by preticing the l/,ddli,i or /r)rlogashich iNolves ncdihlive rccirarion of rbo ecrcd sylhblc Om conbined with brearh

contol snd concanrmtion . The pddice is actually kmwn 6,.r.r4,r" dd is included

undc! adi,va //,qz in Shaiva phxis. Thde dc scvcBl ua[rt in $hich Lalla.leanyrcics to it. For insbnce, we have $e lollo*ing vc6c:

HNins dosed lhc six foresb, I aftkdcd rhc moon

By conrollirg ny bftadr I ippo.*d naturc

Wirh rhe Ure ol love, I $orchcd ny heafr

And in this Nay I found ShankaF.

The six foesb ' ar obviously lhc six cr,r',s or cent€s oi energ (ple*lsct whnh

the yo8is seek lo pierce by arcusin8 ihe coiled energy Alddltt The noon in csotncShaivis symboliz6 tnliEhrened con$iouslc$ o! \he Hed olslity , as Pdul Eduado

onea.-Muuerexplains, quoling Abhinavagupla'3

r AL, DED^ND HER SPO{T!^L JOUR\IY IIII

oi: \ho sces io dificrcnc' bd\e'en onscLla 0$!6

rhi fcrdr lhc dar nld rbe nighl as ihc srne

i o{ m'nd L rr.e oi I l'lurLi')ul Sh \r

'he lord or 'h'

god'

', rLl fr drrl\renr leuph Lr rlrs LhlnE ol rhc $ord

- 'k tl s.r,lccmc md j'u ' L fn'l hrp| (s

:: !r roo' u JnSr, re(ihtrt id ll"illh i rLoN Jiu ( I lce Sl'ri irle

'i r" or'o od_ 'l-L DtrJ ^"\ r' h

^" ' 'i "" ' J' r'oo r"o- l'

"l; ..,.; ",''p. :r':

..:.....'": -1' ''irr''r'b o" hF'

aild .haDlcs rvsid dd $]o!e aDd thcn irto icc

i loolts 3;ir rhc rnrlc saEs are ditrer t

R n on rcnrdion rv! nnd ihcrc io lie n' difftrd'ce

lid $ rhc sun oluon$loust$ shifts

rll fts dirmirv i: dnsolvrd 1nlo unilv'

no 'na - c ren ro L\ ro h_'h\0 H n* r

' '".,i;:;;l:'";; ..hc'dp,. ou".d o i'umind o i ''uPDord ob"'r

".*i,li..l *.' " 1*' ..". ,;r m( '

ao'br 'b" hc'aesL i'' ! n hu

rn *eekine ne rnd Thce l pas$d rhc drv

Absorbcisithin Thvsell Tidu hadsr rcfrained

Whsn I bcheld Thcc in mlsclf. I Sained

F.r Thcc and mc rhri r"torc unr'$nincd(Tnnslidon bY Nila CEm

'ooriAr lhc cnd olmootrlightro rlrc md o'c did I call

^nd soo tr hr, Pam { h Lhc lolL of 6od

.* -:r, ' r"i'., I : 3. dr lov(d one I '$"\med

^.in i' *-"..*"'. -'t' tt- mrm'ndddbod bcsmcrure

-r*mdolruo *|-,o cou cmern \c"rlda\nq mdL1'g ro '3-o'' e

. ".";'l:'ii;;.: ; :;"'; ";;i".''"". .'i"*a -' -'odelcd D\ "o o i

:":" ;,,; ","."".-" ",. -.""\c.ed bvIr"h he*rr:

"' i:. ,,1.,;';:;; ""."' ' oe'e ' {r r- d '" '' "cJ1(ro" o 'rr

,^ _;l:a:1,::.: ;;,^;:":-:",;", ."".. ,,",". ,h3-inerp'c-'be '.;:'.".;''"*".;";;, ";. .,''"'' ;"i,;;,: ;.L" Dcdhtr ,od'c ocrh" 'areo intrnd's hcdr- "\n{'^ '-:':;;;:'^.".,".."."..*nc. u no 'n c\c )+-s n ir" " rv sn" ie r) \'01'

::.li:'j#;;;;;;'.;";'.i',' Henr' r'd4r' p!3' i sno)4''n*r4'ilff';';;;";'

";;'o e1rhcqoroorIn! orer$'thshc rro'd -ir;::,:. ;,; ;";; i;;,,",","., ","

m, <r,=rc,.r """ -o r'e b',ro 4 0":,

"',;,:',1,1"'"; "r"," ,.",',,. ;,*.{r' e .e i b''orrorun'o 'hccnrr r\-

:i;.;".;.;;:';'.;;;;',h;''"" hcr'"''qo"\( hc hi'rro' e e '

Through rhe d@r (o ihe gadcn ol nv rindl. Lalla. cnrcred md lo wh'l blhsl

I saw Shivr in communion sith Shakti

Ther I becamc inime6ed in thc lakc ol nechr

No* whd cr Dcarh do urto se?

For I shdl be dcad even (hough alivcl

Ilr,s b \c "1rts, o )r.(e{p'ieae$d lte-ow1E- \( J'obfr --_

",,-,,i.1 ;i.]"'.,r"'i..," rr\e r'-'1' "rr o''\''' r''oh" cn i : -

-_: : r:ildrigolrhch.monyolbod,.voluforrtrd i'trolulion, rhc. o.. ,) . .. ,..!n ..... . D oT,

:,: : r.: nnnin. !a{r$s otrlr loid Thn knse ot*oidtr is rhe: .. ,,..r.n. ri rhr Shnr Strfus sa] \it\a)r )a!u bhuuikahr th.: : ::a:r! ro i; ft saDE as rh! o.c.n of rech. ot cDlielrrctrtrua

. :,rh Kjh,mtuir tLLLudes ro in l,is cxtLrml o ofanollrsebonsm. : ,r.;.:;,rrr r,ri(Ab dnig rhb poinrchc ptunqes eastrr t o rhc

r3l

r::! iarondud th. blissful unio,i.lshivx 3id shrki hn dr

.:.rr rlr,irx,j Thc iD gcry or h n.6or (&)s.m) n ro be

. i. :i,mph.dions olrbsollliotr. subnc6dr, JissoLLdion \rhicl, rll

l.d ir rD rhd hotrsc olrecraiLo {ht briD bur fo oie Nas dinktng.

:: :-i,i:\rh.a Ji,,r.t.tu: :::r'roltuphtro'su,ion*nLslinr\i,ll.rirL.onrpmbl.svc.rresJ'

. :..:rir.tromr oD l as Ur|ardlra s),s, rhe ecjrry mry las orly' : :lrili oi liil .r,n!'.! lr i\ J,,,adr6r, or rokl inmesidn iD rhe

:- i -,rL. ra\er fo' LkeLrpaLdc\a.LaLlrroolsamreLre'sivc urrrtr_::r e r. dridk i.ofr rhe "cqrs olnedr." tull 10 rltr bnJn rlirshc s.e\

jr"."-.ct ri L "tr" L. ,

:::r nft R.rrilv This rs.,J{J,', or,no Duif in\hLrh thcrcisdn.d:r {irhDd re.on.se to ary DiNa's lrrll is Shna. lhcn r1rer is rorlu!

: : :r bu: ro ren'r I6 h! or shc n llcft rtl.oD0trdir.is rs.!e d I I

::- T,r Llirtucrc! bcN.cn subed ?id obj(r, llb* ioi aDd hoidxlr.'.o!ol' -io ^" ,.

. . : - : .\xrnr or iotr exnrcdr Il nabDnr rliis{fu {lkrLalIspcrks nr rrris

: :r n id. Drr Jan o, r,lr.cndcnr: , .' nlc{c. nor !oai. csrtrics

ir ltr. ior His Sh rir]tHcnd!:::1! remr's ari bk. rlul A ths pmepr

Ar anorher place we lind hc saying:

Ncirhc you, nor l. nor mcdiialion or it objccr cxktAU .clions arc lorgoten auromticallyI1* blind could make ndthing ofiiBul thc wisc bcca're one wirh lhis suprcme sbtc

Lrlia r(enpls to exDress hd cxpcricDcc ol inmeBion into rh. i'eLrblc rllincalled Shiv., whose ssence is in.oiccivabl. rnd beyond conEmplaiion c\ccpr li rcnrollhe concep! ol r/irrya or cmprinc$. Shc rrkes us don8 rhis dilficulr mcraphvnr:l

rcrrin wirh rc Larile ese. I ler favou rirc ctl.cs ion r/i u)?s 5r r,4", ,r i/ii, s (cmn.D.:r

has nHged wilh the enpiines) is rviJcly rclishcd by her ods rhough ns adml mc ir!cvdcs Ihe undE6tanding olmon of !hcm. Thc rerm srx,r? has acoallv bccn rakctr i:'Kashmir Shaivirc ph osophes lrcn MaidhFnikr Buddhisn (or is nij annnada ra

Yoeschram School?), bul inlelprdcd ii ihcn oin Nay by rhcn lo denorc fullrc$-oirhc Absolure. L.U. often lses ir ro poinr ro hcr rre of.bsorDlion inio rh. suprc't:

when rhc sutr disrppeared, rhcrc renained modnlilhrwhen rhc,nootr larGhed, only nlid rcmaincJ

wl,en rhc nnrd loo disappsarcd,lhei no$inlnc$ \Yas knThen edh. crhcr ard skv ncscd irlo vacuirv.

when the TMtas disappcd.J, (hc nantrs renaincd

when fr.nta dhaDpeared. rhc nind rcmaired

when tuind too disappcarcd .hctr nothins RmiincdEmptincs mereed wirh rhc cnpri'ss

The vicisriruds rhar Lrl Ded goes tltough ro nirc ar t rhreshold ol!hk erp.ricinare nry. Shc lmvcsci in ftct, aolNejouncy lrom nuifendionro undiL.r!n1i!r';aeEne$,lroh lhc catBories olcxisleDce to thc sdprcDic subjediviry ofrmmashnaliom the Ems to rhc subtle and subtlo Il hapm.cs rlin inrohespi.rcine ollhc Ril'olMlya and cxp.nsion orco'$iousnes to itrcludc rhc cninc univene as oiet own scli

It does not bkc placc ir any exlentl realn bur in onc\ own mind

Thoqh Hc rus withi., I $rfhcd lor him outideThe .onlrol ol bEdh :ood'cd mY nedcs

Ttuough nedirrrion, I rcalized thal rhc Norld and God arc one

Thc nanife! *o d bccame one {nh ihe unmanifci.

Kashnn SlEivism h a life-afimativ. philosolhy thal regards iE humdi bod! ran abodc ot lhc 'livinc It v.liddes rhe rcrlily ol rhe mr(erial sorld md .oisid:'conscl.n$d*robcinelubndruma sromdolcvcMhins,^sirisiheEso itnhcr:'

:l i ; :5il"='l;"iil:i'L:::i. l.l::l:i:ili ;:::: i:liiil;

:,: r'-m.! 10 rdliz'iion lasbY io

- . .,.;-,r r:-t."lis 'ra;*ing "'r, ,: r ltr ol hs vr$r'

rexis $.rsY onc Strc r rincd $e

ienc sh.lclhNolh('rtrtr'nhiq

-.i r! Gu 1!r. ofiand stucr d tlF pshr I \Y3lk'd

i . ,,.. "1"* ,r-".'l " '* t'' '-t ''u '' on I

,,:.. ".;., " .., ...

. _- ri.:Libsutun'c rid ii rr un6urllr "*dr' tdN

. . nr. trr$. Llr dLtrJ n f'!v'. . ,;*.,,- l ,o.' nc"

"'a no'l

: : .h mind I sloLrrd rlnou:h ' riTough

LT fAlr ii b Nil I nm Li\ir

mcrc'on!d.. "tr.' gut'1onJ b Nno" d' de'i n'Fa A ( Rnn n r':

if,L'"1.*.:""*i""-"**'r' \ voa'ronnodo ro' d h r''oL ro-sr''tr

--'l':.'; ;;";, o ie No' s' s' ' J') rh' r N r'r\ rd h tum

,".,..,.i' ".."i.,". ". .'n! d't. * -rsrm'r lm"d b' 1c'r'rr'' r--dcr

:''. .;" : ;';.;".'".. .,'ol'e,, r: \l'|ili - l.:e;:::',"r"*i. :::li:dho..rNd!.t lookngrrhe\orlLlrs///''l'V'il gu'd'nEnse

Ld rtrcm lu thousnd\ ot trbusc' r't ft .

I {,ll nor enrcdrin sn} gric!dnqc 'n

nv mrnu

If I a iruc dcvoiee olSlrnkrn bc

Ho* crn ashcs s'in rhc niror' rft$ all?

ts .e -J Dro - rmbSdo \ rAr'ru o (n$r'"3 ad ri

,.''"..;':' ;.; ;;;'":." "' do " do. o d :'o l: d': ;:,; il ::i.r rrn d ^n o- ! Bn r'' ro' nc' "d :r'r ' n"' N]!

u,cd rrtrh . ro tu'

'n (he !o \ ofYrihM Shr a (N'tr er

."i,, " ",,

; -..' ;;,:."", " , dn'o Jr o 'o i'r "\'n"'' n'r"'J ''

;:",.'";-.;;.,' .,"". ","'ovcur ft d $'h' grFtr' poql \!d nJ

,,,",,,;'i"" :"", ;: .",-, -." e I,n.. ro, . d.li. D:r ;jn:ci;::" 1T,, ".:,;

"' * ^.*. .""- LlcRm t u'l neDma fc rsocr

::' j":"'":';";" ;:.,,," ...,h" e

-.,L" ,.a .r ro'or". ..*".n"*

'i'-;;:"'' ",,; hdrcm rN n-'"odrr" '/

l::,';^:;.,;.;.;.;. ,', ";do o inrouu'ed"' '. r' i'|db o'chF Bh!

'!

i:::i;J,; ;";';'"', " "" ""--

. - * -.", "1"! ''ci"'^'o ' '' iole

-''"J"-"1i""'" 'i "'"ooe coro"n\resotu'o'ir r'r'a s'

MY aud I $kcd a (housand tines

whit i\ rltr isme o H'm shu I s no nMe

^."-""-'-r^r-' lbc ne$ '/ nd i d

o;i or this norhing somdhing nas cofrc our'

sli bui his namc is All Names to usc rhc vords

* .iii-tii il'.i.-"*i.'i r" ' -." "h" si"* \ " "*" b 'id

in his que$ ror

*righe"--r', by-t.""ri *ir" rhus, he is called

shi;!. Bnanala, Maheshv.n, Panmcshvara, shrmbhu and so on bv thE SEar shann!

s.gcs lite VasugDpia. Ulpala, Kxu.ra, So'[nmda Abhinrvagupra, Kshemamaja aid

dthc6. ShankaEbcinqihe nme noslv prcfcftd bv the prc'cpro6 olrhe SFnda S'hool

ri d Bhaimv.naarh r and P&anshvambv Abhi'a!.gupra' Lallcsltvariroo calls Shiva bi

_'^r r6cd lLre shtlmrq'lis rLhe

-':1:";,-,' *' "*-: ":':ri::- , I \ .hr hA drJ rh! rem !:n! 4 _

NNDBgR SIINTU^L IOURNIiY I37

;Iil*|[:r:'.*,,*'lilii

: :lrinr ihe utlimllc orc docs not nced

- ,:.:il"'ili"""l'l'-'" "' ""n $'o gh merc sishins

.. :ll.'J:,:ll"l', 1"fi ,"'

.= i =,-

ii:*rr,tl.,rt,,il:i' i "',,l;-i:;-;trtl;{;"1-

;:j :: : :':';;'-:ii;"t""-;'':':;:':i'

' l t"'tt

r,,i] :t++'*trtii:*::,

;i,r:ij*.i,':;. r :l' l".::;i.*

",f;. ;;';lt;ri i: s;;,;,,ilr' _ tse I r' \\ho lr qlr' JiJ coulh'rnLl ]r f5

t:'i ttit"'''l:- ,. ,.

**u**srffidbFd \. r - q o$ fd suntrFu ha' P'N" F '<:.T L.:l:.a.s

- s.rrnooo ,o d*-s F soiuo- onr) in rhc r;/"rc" d ms l:'{ crr'., ir'"]' l;,i*.i.c4*",i","., " r<"...ri'r"- o"'t".opn) m $h hle ""'ou'l'.. ,.* *. ".-".n "

r:::t'#il ix1 hiH:s,i1ttlij1 xPi; ;;t'::::;;;

We have been thcre in (hc Pasr

And in fic future we shdll be

FnElcr lhe sun ns! and esi.*rcr srlq '*n' m aivt'e' ard 'Fa{l aBtn

rr ts Lh. \P ! o, r' v i * d'T * :' : :'Y,:lIl." :."#:i:1,'"1,i:1;oorr !onr'uc oda./rc -< *i\ t' t"t- "t'ntn*'-'*.ou,*,u,",n.0 ",r""Ii..i",r,..o,....,,*a n v-u"t1orr") E a or_-'"_

.a ne con.d$..nar

"r. ".rr.'*r'^r'.n -a 't'"'u-': * '-" -":-':'1;;;.

x"+-. .. a "-deavcd fiotr rFd {Fnr.n lf Itl Dcd! d-'eLnun.r;..-.,,**..",.oo,r.s ,y

'cm" ra na n u"eo dc'ert Ac ea<ac: x::r;;

;. F borcw he "od' -'"r'.,' t:';ffr:""';llr:ir. :i:i:"::ni:*..,'1"";;l *;lla pocL r ."on orspfltatitv *O a eint \ !Fron or poorv

RIFERENCES

I l"x."l;'": ;I;:''1il::;"1111";;r ':;; : :{':;x '"11:::;; ;"

. l;::;:j.'l'."::'1",':"::i";t":""il: ;l; :. ;,","'" " "' "'' ""' " " -

. i,:,miH*,11};l?li;1ll'

I ^I,

DIJD AND HER SPIR U{ JOURNEY I39

a.K. tr@sqd, sFd4 o/srn& I od@, hguh

rj slani shdedudq ri. b34 o/r4,,/ slq'rd

CHA.PTER 1.I

Political Content in the Vaahls of

Lal Ded

'''1-)--]ri''-

" *" *..,"'- :'':i;:::, ; "'",""."',.'. ::l jj : :: ".. "t.-,], i_li" lli.";;,,_'"Il'".*l J,;' ";:.,.-t.=t",,' u,:iJtp;;':1i1gr;;;i:::i;i:;:r'; :

' : "". -:i;i"l;,".: I:*',:"Ilj,i-:".':";*,1':u'*ffi*-.ffi

'' l'J""il'" ul" r'"""' t''r't''o

' | \t" * rng 'n rie I ig'

s.tid AIi wiririg of lhn era spe*s otr cominuous afd casy influx as itno borderbarieB * hrcd. Thc king h imet I had bcao mc r zea tor Thc ,,ralisr,,_t,Sr,, i rccodsrhar on hi! rctun tom hn miiirary expediiiois, Shihab !,1-dh rook b ruv.lins Hi,turen p lcs .nd de{roycd anumbcrotlhem ar Bijbihan and rhat "hc haddsi!trs ro dejovallrhe.cnpks rndlu! in erd ro lhc e ne communiryofi,rfidck f4 Hx$, cotroborareslnis hdrJ Ihough hhodes spcak otrhe dc$rudion, dry rurcly speak orrhcn imnacron rhe pslcbe aDd lrudion ot rhc to.rt potutarion. Feonh likc Lrt Dcd Nould haleerpercnced it iinihand borh rhc physi.aLdcindion rnd ih.,rniat ronur innided.

lniead, r inrlc Eve^c rwisl has 6co sivcn b rhe titc off,at Dcd. k has beenconimded thar Lar !! r sevrc .riric of lhc otd salc,. This see,ns io nipty rhar lhcsholcsale dstru.rion rrki'rg phcc att aroud hcr wotrtd tror hi,e mrdc inv imoacr oir- , es ut ,(h..\c.ctLor-o. in

" .", ".." , ",,"-,""-..,,o! 1en'... ehr'rt, " tcr ?vc.r ..J,, or refl-\,ir.tr..o ,.d

riruals olrhe peoplc ofhcr rimes. Bu! so hNc noj rhinke6 in.I limes Evci * LalDed\yas ftiticisine rom olrhe cueotus, she *as itso uphotding.nd n.opagarin! the belictsupor trhich rhc socicly rn'l tiirb ot h( lnrc Ras foundcd. sharyakL6 crtls Llt Dcd'MaNuuFaL Hr.j\ siict. Four c.nrries trior ro f,rt Ded, Mansur had c icned hl.fraid M'slirns nrhn vchcmendy. BatI Ati, rhc finr ljagiogi.pher ro spcak otLat Dcd,cans hd lhe sc.orJ Rabia otBrsR.,.Rrb a roo. hrd niicnod nr ma inmrm hhm innrllervcry harhknns Amund rhs rime LalDcd lived. sufi srinr all ov( rhe u,rd?drld,, Rcrc crni.nhg sonre Mrrtin cuioms md rEocas ev$ hoR hanht! Lat

l' ' " ! u "f^-do/ 1e o " Dl .,.-.gph.crlarcundh hisrduatLy.h!rneadhcrunrsolaftith$hoarcvcxcdbvdev[rnE

hnd. belicl.rd nc.plc, LalDedcotrtd noiljivc bcetr indiflerentto rhcdcpftdariois, rhedcmolniorsolplacGot\oahrp,rhci,,ei8lcncnrsrodetud.rhesocjdyrh wftrakingpl..c rhroughoul htr lrrd. The pocr in her cortd nor iave rchaincd ur ou.hedlr x rhk'.1 , jrc e r',". ,.p.,. I rh-.{dk.I)osiblerhar atlrtur dr mayha\cu *ed in! gtrishovtrr h Dorrcadedus. yer. hcn:n( ra!(/is vdly lrk otrlr itupri orrhc linres upon ihcm Ho*sver, this is oD.rsrccl olhq poerry rh,1 has remain.J uncxftoRd

A 'nuchrold

incidcnr ot zaim,t ihdif\ Lile is rbar lhen hc dcvetoped . veryt)rflnlsoreor.rbunch rtrl ncked his body, hc coutd m. nnd a Dhrsicim in ihc whot.nix,\m r o.o.o , rd ti.. ( o ,.,b.4 ,d' ,s, t,.i i'.o. 4

rs xlso rll olhd compcrcn( profe$ionrk our ot K hntr ,^r loDg taj, riier nuchrarcli, his nEtr lo.ded r rzrl naned Shnyr Bhd tiviDg ti disguisc in Sri.aearand n.. j..-. t cd .,dt,. d+ - \" r u..l

o o1 .ni'rro- bt i T.o,.rmr.

soc ia I disposs$ iof olrhe local Kashnnis nor ready ro profe$ lhc new 6irh ai rhe hands

ofze.loscould cause lftm 1o losc cvcn lhen livelihood Spcaking in the cnchl csnrury

ral Lan.ih in one olher Malrs:r7

Gottlah akh rtchhrn bachhi sD hLrdnPa, za, horan pahi ni nuri li t"aNeshi bad akh .hhun vaaz"\ ,tudrTa Lalchhas p raan [hvn*"t ha P,zh

lA vise nan I srwdYingofhunlcrShrkire like r lef in the wintr wind(And) r fool I srs bcahg hn cook

Sin.c ihcn I hrve bsen waidng lor n, bonds !o brerk.

(\e.n1ng lor death to rclicv. mel)l

Did La1 Dcd *c {hat finalLy .ahe ro be extreN pcdcculion decades lder? The 1ae

line al rhe rodkh Tani t.al ehha\ pntu,\htdltan m prch" nx somehos lcd& the

iealii of rhc ptccdine li'H gedng blrned rnd rhc wholc rz,fli hnsDosed ro a

philosophical pl.i.. Btrt h ir really so? The pbilosopbical dintnsion is cl..rlv h.letchcd

in rhis v,al, (ldrcd io UadH m nd.tre situarion. ,\ll lhc lacedin! rhree li'ts spcak

ofm adurl, physi..l iomeni brought abour by rokl nux ola soci.tvt nores and

mooriigs. A prcp$ undcnbndinS olibe mal, sill clsly shov rhir rhe rcaerencc is 1o

rhezealob fa(cnins a ihc lermed$iflins lorrhc; fdnh bccause oflhc rcligio polirical

ciFclvsm havii! ovctuken thefr

ntli .thtri4us tai pdhi ehhukh na6tnYa ti hnli

'hdn kithi ?axon chhtt)

SoruJ \onhith t.ii chhlar nD^anvarti n)alia kithi rc^a .hhu!

'nrctc n a yaRning pir undcmc.rh vouArd votr are dmcine abovc ir

PEy. Sn, how can yon bdn! yolnclfro do so?

Look,$e nchs You ar rhr$iigh8rc'Noihins ollhis willsoNnh YouPmy. Sn, how can youtlish your lood dnd drink|N

Lal\ 'raths

have tadtionally b..n i'ilcQrcred r Jealing * nh spirilual intima(ions

and mccnr. AloDg rhe {.y, sb. is sho{n rclling the seeknthatalllnc worldlv plav is but

en ^d 'h,

hs rcirher. sound bsis mdio.anv lx{ins inlort Reccndv. rhct has been

in aremDr to civc a eilntnc in lt stelches fdm anticipation in

POLITICAL CONTE{ IN TNE /11X'5OT LAL DED I95

-t*[*+*t*ss*ffir;; il,f :ii:iir,'"+ :i,,":i*'.*:} -i":u:r ;,";;

-ffi1gg$*;ffirnlt th!r']::rr nPtnhi'l Lh r'nt\o )

lntu t)aali tnkith Pa^iot'tru!

rA d{D Dtr I cs beno'h d)ouLl 'e'bo\cir.",'^-"1-'*''.'' :l:::-,"..". ..".,",

; :,i i, ;.riii 'fq;:;i .i*i'*'+"

",'ir' "t';

t''1tr 'onb'ith l& 'ltl r nta^'r

'i^u '"' ".,t"' " L'n ott ino t" l

ffiffi,ffi

Muslim incuaions lrom the Arab-Sp.in a well as Mudim-Turkcy. Thcrc rhc parhs weEycll dclineared It was rlmosi mlunl rha! a Joan of arc should lcad a ctus c rlainrrh3 foreigneE iilrudi,r8 upon rhe hoty soitofher tmd Aid shc hid a i.rivc prince rogoad her in the Cood woik

ln Lal D.dt Klshmtr, lhe kingship h.d alreadybecn usu{,cd. All shc.ould do wasro Iry to drun somc scnsc inro her compadot who, as ihc lricr cvcnrs show, scrc slow,mudr too slow, ro co8nize the dangeB. Tbe Indian ethos, roo, dos not show any obviodspE$icdcc of sinilar o.curences and ircunions Two ccnluri.s lalcr. n {as a minorprincc in Rdashan who su.coun a hansed, harangucd rnd hunr.d Hrmayun, paling rhe

way lor rhe snnd Muehal en,Dne in lndia.?.1i .r"}' rys - r pit lies berearh' could wcll hlvc bcc addrcscd by Lil ro

hc .onlenporaies who mighr hrre been Cloarir8 ovq bcing appoinrcd rd scdc rhc ncwnl.E. ,^s Shahmnt sons Ali Sher and lrnshcd wcrc lighring n o ovcr succcsion.people nry have thought rhat tl,irgs were no dillcrcnt fiom rhc chaos followingRmacl,andrasderrh.Theysereclearlyuna{arcol$cbulldozingolihccnlncKashmnimtiquiq thar wm to coDe at rhc limds olihc Srudson io co6c sikandai .id rhczealous Sayids in thidyyerm riDe. Mearlhilc, thcydrr.cd ar rhc risc and fall, c.ughr

the *.ay favouN. and probrbly shnrk ar Ihc gcncrsl chos bu! look no iorc of rhcdevelop,rns ihar lrre iaking thcc rll anund rhcn

1he se, rl chaos, rhe bslcs,*s and thc Frirical vacuun lhor rhc advcnlurousRirchana ard Shah Mir lourd on crrcring thc valc ot Kashnn nrds alno$ a gmphicdepicrion in tl,e Lal\ wdkl's:

Hathiri han ji te^ttur kon go ..

Valour aM niilihry migliri noi to stcrk olrhe royal arcnrl,IrovcolnoNail as Rinchci!confcd.rrG ncd into RaDrchandrat lon d Lrhr.r rrd rhen lety knivcs drink the

honey like blood of Ran,rchrndrr'rr A $rrw arol ro rhe wooden bo{. it all proyed ro

be Hd.h|i ham ji pett^w kan And the Valley. ihe natuE1 lon ,rt ir *rs 'eFted

ro

be, tumed out to be r shop sithout 1o.k in rhe open markd (4d,u ras 6d:rtds krtt'

Dream s o r no dreams, nor e cou ld h.ve foreseen ihat la litadayat Ks hmn, Hanhr'sKashmn, from shich Chaznavi chose lojun p*s by, sorld be go(sn by the aliens on

a plater. Yd here sd rhe kingship l.id on rhe l.p ofShah Mn vilh jNt r rokm nghrin {hich Kota Rani corld jus ma'rse ro kill he*elfinne.d ol being bodil} .busd byrhe licror Sh$ Mir, if one Eoes by rhe symparheric vcGionilhc orhcr vrsion b.ing thdKola s* ravished by Shrh Mn lor one nighr .nd inprnoned the lollosing day.r: ,{ll rhhhrDpened becru$ Kishnt had an unskilled ciDertr' lor r kins in Udyandeul

could not see son'':4 elc.

finhi t.s Pan san knt n)ali

,s oF L^L Dnr l9?

:,tre (lrnl c:n\cd m\ bodv h\ sun! Bur ol" \\h'

lbak Jhan ba t vth tu doe lAn Dtrskillcd c'rpenk t h'd lor buildinF rhn

'" ;;.-"' . ,h'<d\'-'.n 'crp" "- 'dh-F\

dh"ru'i{ o'

""r' ""::, " ," ,'"".'""' -nr r luc rts"ooe'-u''bu u"n"ituri,'li. *.-'".- i." ' t"".n!da ra'de "q- n'e'\\o'{' ":;,:; ;:;-";;: o heef .\b ir, 'l d no oc ue

' ' . ro'ri

l';;;,:--; ;.'l r'cr' -1 r r''- r'r' ' F \'1!3"'

''_'".."*."i*mu,r,l, -.rl no! have beln snrll rhough t ddcs nol dp0car ro hrvc

*- ."*'.iJ". i "".,r rhe,. .omc iNad* one aier rh' olh'r' inrrc{ed onlv in

;:;' ;.-'d;;;"-.i,,'iE 1ti- i'r'''n)bo- r^r" 1Hnvi r J

;:;',i"":.;;:..r -a.1.,u, .. J,-. .d,.-edo.'.dr' I'h

_' .tl n-*.rr^n.l,r'"a ""hnnv sons ut{km*d Thse $as no one ro help' io

*.*"",,i."'*.'" *"* *" .*.1r"'" o*e'o lr gooo Durchr ind achala took 1a4!

"";,.,,;.';, "qh ) 'r'

I F i rhcr 'r'1'rrni;;:.;; ;'",,:, l .: ..pp"'r."r., '' e,ts r 'r '. ' <F - "'",.ii" ","i'

.io"'sr,"ri r,ri who b.k poscssior or i( xs rr ri wd m'roredcd

ttadtiti hatinji Pets)tr kat Eanr

Il is nobodv\ cdsc rl !lalDld sd hading I soclo poliri'aLrcsis[ncc rgainsr rhr

rrl,i-i,,. .r ai"i-r *.vs ru rds hrpp'nins b'rore her cv's vnllv huque {as I..,,,.i"L. v",,"."".., Fr- Lnro f Nde,..l:",;;"; . rso ?'pe

;,-;; :.;,; ,'.,"",;..nseLp e'or" k'B"un''- r

; ;" "l;i.," " ' "0 ,h .' )*'*' c ori o or' o" "ru"1'" ,,.. -" r,"r',, dnohd\r'' "'n o d"o ortc' \' b\ri'.;^,;;;..;..;.i ".', e'r"evo^r'r'

;aLDed livcd ar I rimc whcn rlt rotrnddions orKxsbmni nLLNre rcrc being tuucd

" -.;;-;:i """". eJo ' '"'"*i;-,;'. ,:.. ..',,-.-'"" a. "

r. o o n!-. h

",-', -,i- r."l", h s ro 'r '! no

':;"; . ,'"-.,.cofrnon sighl lor hs ro sc Th' tonures aid tibrlarioN orher rirrt rvcr! p'e'pnarr

an'l were concrete facs rvi.ncscd by her own sycs. Thcsc rvods ofh.rs rsll hos mguishedshe $asby rhesrnDll and l$isirion hq land wls undceoing and hoN shc w.s $idngpeople a8ain$ dE h.ppcnings. |!en rvhilc rclaring hcr spdoal crpdicnccs, rhc imag.sol what she sarv silendy ci.pt in, poviding apr ln1lcs and nclaphos:

dMkai thu! los "n

pantasKu gq ap:is pan* btuntN.shi be tulh konakh ptrddnna:fini Ea6hr1ds .ldri t"at'6 kont

Iwhy rrc you lurcd b) rhcrlicn wey?

why hrvc yor mrrrkcn hh.hood ro. ihc irud,?

lgnonDcc hs brcu8hlyou undd rl'c cllorthcalicnwry(AiJ) naJc you rcsrncd!o GoisiJ$driof sol)coDirg aMBoog, liJc anddcarh.l

lf nor broadcanin! a pirhy nlssagc ro prcvc thc .itirtrlelion 10 en rlictr say(p,,lr.r,,at. LilDcd nccdrlnly usii! rhcrirudioi orhcrdryro rxl.utrd hc. cxpcric'ccI( ir posibic rhd shc i: usligrhis r$hinology whi.h coDrs ro h.r csily:itcould f,s wellbc rhal shc is tyiis 10.d.y lo s rg,i's! ir ir hcr o$D *ry somchow rhh crusad*\drcnpb Ind tlbtrkrlons, havc rct b.ctr Delyscd Mry hc pan olthe ENon lies in Ihe

dccp spnirualisfr olhcr \cFcs. As l-al Dcd grcw, slI saw rhc rctugecs becomi'gmane6,md {hc manc^ bcins lubjugarcd. flrc tavalls olK.h Rani Lom being the'luminousnam. ol Ramr.hdn Jn s hotrsc-hold row,rchood ro advcntorcr Rinchen. and rhe cowrrdUdyand lvr su. !.ss ivcly: hu pNaec rrom blirg r nicnror ro shah Mi., ro becomins hhrssocialc and finrlly s$inshi s rh n$rd"llocan hcro'l ane'use: sllpresent very

'hiT. .r"i \o'. ' td / tr" fn ovo 1e.

Du nti lrhi 'r sd j .tu.i '[ltiDujtitJyr hunrdi hnu ti nalDa iti dnhi in Pta' at',aliD. jtii dtliitthi tr knajii r1z\

lone nonEnr I saw rhehedh bl3zing virh firc, rdrhe fet monenr I sa* ncirh rhc$okcnorfic.otre Diomeit I sa\y themorhuolthc I'mdvas.,^nd rhe next mo'nem l srN htras rh. po((dnnrl

Allrhisisabour rtansienccollimo,olcouac Buiatonelevelorly.lheconhnsrromlhe im'nedirt physi.rlsorld, NhichLil spic*trri',eh e, rre n, uch sisni ficanr !o

bedismGsedca ally lideed, rhc compulsions ollhc !i'n.. rhc swin bm oflotunes, rhe

lllurenErb rl,ar sueeD Deoplc ofi lhcn lccl. rhc ovcrluniiD: olvalues ard ideak - .ie

N THE irrr,\ ol L\L nlD l9q

alr Rncdcd in rhe mages M frid in thc 'rat Similarlv the linc t-rdh badulh rd)i,,vt'Ja.r,J (Look how you arc irnmdscd in fic sc. o'deLL*ioij orrndlid [/lisa prely common .nd an oftm trscd mer4ho., 6ur dc ncxt lin' makes onc almon sit

Srth ttlb it^ PEn hnti Pa nkt)

lIlavi.s dcsroyed thc enbrnkmctriiolide.ls, valucs, dhrrma).

yod hNe mi\_d Yotrccllin /rrd l

Conringaner"baviDs dcntufcd rhe.nbr rcnl'(rd l//"tl rh' c\prsi'1 ?d'ri',,rr, .a5erDlc i r oi no b

"n., r, ."ot r^, .. _r' b'tr - g .roLicr b;oneed, and srle lor haic'ia L .onao ds and gaLns th'r con\enion biines alL

thn polit ; the hlid realiri.s ol ihe concmponrv siturtion One docsnl rms if Lrl

$cniaruundirying rosiem thisdcluge fnnklv, no onctodr] kno\6 vlhnig ahou( L'lDcd, orc $ay or rbe orlu Buulic delog. \us all dionnd h* nd rhc d(iMrions bo

*uc raking plac. ereDshk Utrkno*n ro Lal Dcd Udjui a dozen nrilcs al'a] lrom

hu h.nc iin hN\ hoNc). ^-utrl

Rishi\ lncenos Lv c seting convedcd, at this leD

Ya i balt koritai kn l! thati datc

Kari zaD*rsi"tati i 4r dtenkh

lYrm\ mes.ngeawill dns you aN.v bleedinsoi rhc a0poinledtime

Wh (change, nea'l' will ftlc lou lron dcarh s shados?l

Pcopk wcru Scring .onvcned rhro(gh rlirears $d allurcmcns, r'F inl rhcre To rh'

.o;mon man rlrm l,rnll! appeared rnt |utu.e in linrlv adhcring ro rhc tadriotrs tr?ll

,la ,il/i Xrt s ?,,,t drr, (What lse ( bcng ti.m hnc?). U{.r chaos frcvrik' lhosc Nho

have swilch.d o\cr 1o rhc n.v iairh dc hrvirg I lala riD3.

Jui as NltricrLkmings caD hadly bc iiee lroh religious bclicrs:sochlhlc is ne\ cr

all roo ditrt Imn spiitual qusi lr ftd, nr.nv nvsi.al urgcs rre rorrcd tr so'irl

conrcxG Thc iluid l incs, lhe biealiis ofbonds, shLttiDg olLov.llcs aDd rhc bod olt'nhca|Iizinsdll.v.r ndncofrherco ldrrilrohrvctheirimpft$trlorLaLLlcd\li'drlAi1 rbis, in r $ay, h.d brughl lonh lo h rhs inpenN.ncc ol Lilc and licklems ollodunc in i mod al.ming Drmr' Aid io shdl exretrr wilh hs finn b'lielid

'/srndsrn?, {hc lrccipird. ideariois olrlrc Dcw fairh.ould rot brvc lailcd (o relL upotr h

mnrd ilrccrins hd rhoughi. cognnotr and nidcsraDding. This cotricquenrl)_ shokd in

rlt hcr rcscs. eRn ,Dugh sh. *ds hui a nv$ic lid not I {usd'r

Ndhi Aj: baras oti gan'l l'ol son)

Deh kt h't Eanr hldki kahta

Gran end tunu ntd' tral b'ant

Pahati : kntnl s''n hlnki kah'o

rTh!sltuldnknoroln]lo olsugd crndv has bccont loosc

'Nrv dtr drLbodt I'r double u dd ho$ oi I \i]re

l;' ;1".,;"; ,..". "' ! b'o-en i'dr\'- n ' -urn

M!_no.[s]!n$1hutrtashcpl'cd hu\ crn I one

^lDea r.t r) pcar'nE' d u 1"'' ed\'n^\ 'm 'Kul 6dmd

"..1," .".-, ^ "'i' ' -'"r''r''rr-" ne \h n\s(soned\1 '

:i:::,:"1,,,".:";:""" r edrrbsi; '!*- ,na s d -'rr d

'::::: ",,1"'j ;': ";.",., ,0i \c, ,'e ro rrpo--" i,r or ne r' se r

."-r. -oi.d le q' oL d r''tr3bmN_D:!!.'-' rbJ_h"

:::1,":,:i;:,": niarorKmss !n' itu n s -\ I'o rh( 'JIddtcmd irnd'd

;::' " l'";,,.".,

-

".; ".' " - .. " :, : 1 ::,f t;i J.,lll.Tl.l "'l"j'6io i cs-o-E!u'"i;:;;;;" -*'',"ii 'r*"t". "." "aa' '"

r'rol ra nu\r \rrfud i snL

1'.inr lLJ^!lict'In'l^ "r !d {nNlr mrqc olrhe !

,"",1 ;;.: ;" .,':;::'.;;:.,,".,1-,"" o - " -.'.' *'''"'k]oh \a lt r^rn Ju

'oa L kolan

iakt''1"4)ntt' kr \nr ka 'rt)sa \

I rt 'ort hul)rthtiil'tt han

''ldi ktda:i rarihc kahan gdt

rThc lirc. r$ xnd elcv'n rvha!lillldosith(hen?;hev hdvc snrPed rhis lot lh$ughl

rr rlLh.dun 'd:nd nulLcd \nncropc

wollJ theel'! rhenh c u{Lherlis'l

"- '' -' : ":':'f'"il:.::l-:":: i::

i ;::j' ;"t;

;ll; ll,: i ii :,,1;:i1'r1;l r;;f151.-,-".dsJ,,,,,"""",","""_, :i;,.."."..."p,,s,,+nc,,..r..{m!0.r....., ,"u * .*,,,,,. ,,ll

"1,n, \!"\,.r rooi.i.h" rr\ r/a or SLrnlral ar Tlc l'v'"' btrlrr or r"

'J OT LAL DED ?OI

.i,e d,ne, nal I 'd 'oi Inr 'n{o^]'"' -"..,.";; :"-, "u unor^','ourhor i''-'"\ '' Ier d

.""," "r,n"*"*t -O ""*,. Omhnni, whil' in Sh'ilisD de $r'ss h on tan$cnding

u,"'", *-*.1*1" k,'re,,, as il calls rhc proccss b hiShcr srg* bv rhc

'.k'- i.r 1^,ico oh'n- " I'o"i.'" " ,",:

"'"..0 o - .n-inr' 1 '

i-^,-u'tn"".m.n"" ' n! drJ hc 4 'r't'otrJobdrn"-"";.. ,.. .; - bc d' r" " +"",",-^

'"t. "."' ""'ad onl qndr 'uL d d' "/p,ni"ulu

" i,t t"" no r.*, *" ttequendvu$dbv KashDnis i'r rheconre\tofdisurilv

dnong pcople anJ its consequcnccs.

iu*"*t '1. --*"1.* r'"* {ch in rhe suc'ccding rimes rhc new od* a'd

s\ nch ovcr io ncN Drdics, sv like eali 3 beel(g"a'Lz) lould hxvc b'cn a$fullv

rriunsiiuinr ror r p.ople $ho couLd nlver cvctr rh nk ol such a thin! Cos sl'ughter 0r

,,."..,,.- " 01 o ed4u\"r ''o l\' e aa tr

g' t Ic e!\" o n"

rr," "o*'.,rju*t" I ljo*ic ndrphor' bul

'onsidring rhe choi'e dlwords$ fal

Dcd inn'ably frrkes ircatr rot bcjun ' ome*ion ro rhYN or nekr'

Fd hcr !* lure a Doplc Rho re'usc (o admir ' rcig'i'rg king nlo rhcn ftirh

ol hca..-hr -ocolid Jqu'l d o I t' ohi b"d\i o' 'r o''a., 1,.,.,.-'". r'"'d -o o. r' o( r" cdde o"-'-h u

liis fiirh nay hare b.cn iDl]oliri. It mu n have b'cn hu-{c lv d nrdv'ntageo G toliti'allv, n"nrill ndn.'o^! 'lcpr lr' - o r'o"o-"'o n'i \' aled

," ",,i., ""," " ",""",. d.

"oi' on d o '

lrs adhcftnG \ho rlusld io su.c!inb to rhc Nishcs ordt high'i d!rhorilv ol thc ltrd

ldimr b. prnLnrc,l b hrlc ersily loraken rheir Navs, drn noonnls rheir '/'al"rh,'.ouli snainLl dor lIrc ben v.ry hrnpv

'bour rc dra{ic

'hsngs li rh'ntuode

. r.- *t,t r, *el ". 'q" r'j. "tr..0.rd ' +'hpiq' ncP. 'l

ldlod' o\r did

-"1-" tr," ,'".",a.," 1"",r-, th.] had suiierd Lil Ded, as x scnsilirc ihinkff $ho

hll.d ahori lhe pcoPlc in rz. afur rdlar, lalked ro thci\ adrned drcm ard $idcd

rhcn.onnaDrly cotrld no! hrve ttu.rD.d rm'uched bv rhc s!'cping 'hans$

rl'xr Neto

nking plie. is {6es livc N anrl. c\ idc"c orli{ tw en*ssor}hr sasgoinlon

lr o;b. di"(,*d d flu"h i" hc d.ar anicultlio"lthings rs in hcr choi'c of{ord(

trhch.an & inlcryded at sevsillcvcLs EreD \rhc ! v*c appctr 10 cari nrvsicr!

iDhn ions. trs links b ihe ulirv arouid rernri" appardt:

Raa hahtsa\ith sap.lrvt k ttryKtrr, x.hlr b ah tah hrattlcr.r'Eot l,add tur snhn h)at Ealt)at? \ar r\atu phalrtnthtottt

lErcn rhoueh you aic a ssm you have be.onc dunbfoundcd,somcbodyha! decahped rnh sofrcrhins of you6The ij t joppedrid nschinDct Sorchoked,Tbe nriIc,has fied wirh a| your gtuin l

,. lL,".,,.o, !m".-di,str.c.fle..or,t"rel

u, \-- Ju,t.r I. r 1do.o,.o \. rh. dund...roni.,i o,Ka.hmn: , ^. * .,tr) \,t. ..t.t5nath4t.).! .a1.(. rr -c F.ur e ot !fK..hal\r\,T.rn., Ldi,!_!: a ctear

: orL.he ,e tt,u. o.o o.:.1, .fl..i. \rJ,,n.,3r Let,,.,rd,nL.c

: I , r. ed , !po..pni- .\DF. 'o s.r -j ,. i .). 11. onr)

, .,r , \.t ot ... suopo.e ! c "". rt"dr,".o orhe 1 n!. .i{e. ,y

s rc oa,r.I dt, ",0 - | he-. ., e e| c. c-r. i ub\.Feo. $e.! re o-rr8 ! or.d. . - p ot t! e I 1r oo.,n". ,F. uDrose J,c pc, ft\Fo

lli .1"" : . -io j1,. trDed.L.!t o.h,1c i I ph,.o. p_.ij,de"\h.s",",,, \'.r ..,in,h,.

.1,e " ..ec..heo..01.)o.,,oBhi-rh,.h.a.Jo,rfr,-

.o, -er pn.. ...,n,o.nor,cc,nd .t p ..o. a Lu,o., he,_s",{ doblr jJ..br-,tro..c. -,nqhcn t,", ..,.ut,,..s.p,tu,1r r i., rjo.,,ht"t, oc..,/,, fl-, .ou"n rh".\1nc. i-po. , st r por_, ,l . *' . ir. /.o.. m .h. co. 'd

-. 11, ,., , c.J 5-.. "no ,,.,"..,", ..,,".1,,"";:;;:,.. ;";_.u ^1

.n - b c', c.,,e- ou, rt e',"pDel,n_.,.0u J.T..,h tr(,u e .h.dre.6. Ih. oa..tjceo rn I-r.t caJo-!r.-t)\u.

^, ""! ir | _ I o.,- n",o

"e. d i. tr "o b\ 1,c.o.,!-,"o. (nr d,d rt " ron.or_rt

' oqe- :r. 'otr^fL.\.,ue "cro c rrb o..t,n!-cou.c. r,,1r',gt'irs bU by Jomnjr \nh L.thdNan try Baba Ali rwo centuics aieiher dc.lh ma)-"'"i.

I ,!:, , "".: tu. rJ : b.. oo.,dc!J_r!c..dere.,r,.e.rpoes rl Ialking dcepty otrctjgio., yd rr,"i, ron ,"rrgtous me*"s* uE hcard sans bi$

nEre are yer oiheN $ho, lor reasons unknoM, m rryins to paint rhis !real Yoeini as

a larer day co'n'nmisi crusrdn up in rhe aIN again$ tadilions. This is an drcmp! ro

disron hisiory by p sonal Dcrcations. Onc mry dircrinourpuccprioisolLallcshvai\podry and penonality, bul $cr isno mon lor diffcr.nccs abour rhc.crual hnrory olhcr

ll nay also be notd rh{ she could iot blt sneak in the rem,inolosy and conccptual

parad igms of her age Her langu4e and her conc.ns wcrc no doubl spiriosl bur ev.rycrcarive soulionh his salthas been krown torirc expresion to the ft.litiEs olrhe !ineshc bdoigs ro. Thcrc is iorhidg \qoig ifvc inlcrprcr sudr pocty ai dillcrnt lcveh, lornobody kno*s the acrual mind ol r1r. poel. fic^he could bc rrlkin! olmundarc rhirtsor cosnunicltinc lranscendeiral trurhs. TlkliS rhe example ofsufi poek. rh.ir pocbrn relnhed boih for the tuund.nc as scll I sublinc fcclings. lndccd, any poetry lerdsi6clrroDrnlrold intcryrei ions andliil, rhc poetror beirs amund to reved thE inbnd.dmcarin! somc cirics would io!clcn Srinr. tocr lh trivilec rhcrc is enough space

s \vel1 u rhe neeJ to siruare a pocl in $e pcbpcclivc pmvidld by his timc. Anyiisisteice otr lorally d$oci4inE Lal Ded lron rhe poliiical milieu ofhd tinB nay no1

bc tuc t rhc poctcs hcsclt lr t.kcs rhc spnn rwiy B6nting in$cad an exilied spnituality.Yd iha( spnitualiq could o'ly 6e the produd ofthe rse in which she lived, aod ils.oflnolions !M runnoil. NoLiody cm dcfy lhot t-rll6hvari\ pociry cu halc poliiical.onnotulions as *cll.lorsh! diJ liyc in amon rulbul.ntrimc Tbn! is.duallynccd lorlooknrgal h podry as a source ol ihe history ol $at rine, of which *e hrve no anualncord. But rh my norbc r.kcn to impl' rhat politics s ths piinary con.cn olherpodry. ll, phce beloneed to h* fritl,, belief and insiql,h rherein. Yd, rs RrhiidRashd wrlcs ir (hc joumal ol lhc K.shmni Dcpmhqr ol Unilcuiy of Kashfrir,''L.aving thc philo$phi.al aspccrs ollal.s po.fy aside. ir is inponanl 1o explore the

poliricalbac4rcuDd aid dE resulratrt dimcnsiotrs it grve io L.l\ poctry":r This paper

;qcnpt rh in ! nod*r $ry.nd hopes io prve *ay lor more in depth exploration of:hL imponaDr rsped ofLal\ llfe rnd podry

t{ErER[NCIS

(vd r6{6).rrn{! h*nnAqd@y6rAd,cdbrrr Ld$g6 (&$cL), softer

prr E 6 14 ed ?r4 d r rti.i se.dr, / 444i. vo.13 sc! r$ R K P,nu. /^/oD /,v4,i4 xd! r (or4

alFn{ddi Ahmd. $!od d I o re3

6 rr$r(/i/p!gcr23)3$edMtr n$lRej'b @ votnr,h.rc.D

' Fse 1n eF hr ane h sc rar a r3 aD oI n6)

7 rh$n (Drl) $y5 {u sMh \{t caoc itun sw,l8{ ry i Pilnui) !

rriidi rcch'6^ d irBlar

i h!rc r ;r i Ns! a (ni6cd ftd (r4r,

h diitr r r eer) d L, Dd ( r erl) 6y hyih I

^odorv d an. cdi'rc ed L gss6.oK^^cL),

a PiF F$4rcd hy A D Mijbrsp

2t ra ui)c D n.Rohk@sr\q ctrr

^aqdlgbi! {iqsMhniBi t rdsv r. Dd',oact)

! btrinrc Dd1,,, !/,pP 114f!n!Nd66!rtub 4hq hrhc

, fro. oMi,n! /,/4 d' ty ($mij

CHAPTER i5

The MYstic and the Romantic

Two Kashmiri Women Poets -Rupa Bhavani and Amimal

Rtrpr Bhavani

The lack of Rup. Bhivani\ lile Ie wdl docunetrted and (hough nyrhs niShr have

gown around her, rs shc w6 r ver*ated nysic saiDr [her lathcls lanily wc to rhc

cxrnt ofbelieving her Io bc ar ircmation of thc Soddc$ Shaika (Bhavmi) and dtiburcdscvmlniEcies 1o herl, lhcy arc boadly rrue, as hd falh$ and her band oldcvotccs, scr

thcm down mericulously. To lrq clan she h Lioa .s ,{lakbeswari, pcdrps bc.ausc of hslong locks of han whhh shc wore like Sadhus, or as Alakh Sahiba (rhc Invisiblc Onc)

or sinply Sahcb (rhc Lord) She *as bod in 1625 AD in ihc lamily olM.dhavr Dhar

al Safa*adal Srin.lar Fon her rery childhood lo lhe end o I hr long ll fc shcdicdin1721. she is said ro havc shown an incLinaiion lor the orher *ondly Thou8h mrried al

ihe age ofsevm, ehich lvs rhe prevalenr pra.tice ii nt cuhunl p.lrcm shc bclonged

ro. shc renounced {hc housdoldcrs My of lifc, and Gft homc Wandoir8 fton o'e$cluded place ro orhcr, shc pmcriced grc.! psance, and *enl inro long pcriods olmedilaiion,like Buddha, in scarch of spniN.l asakenlfg anll srlvdion Having ar hsfound, rbrough polound yo8ic rrdrdn, r'd an ins.rd lookir g ev., rhc sed o r .'luipoke.

she cdnhunicaied h* cxpdicn.c ol r cosnic consciousnes ro hu dcvorcd ba'd ofdevolc* and iollowen. in podlc uttranc* Thse were carslullv rlcordcd aDd ihus are

preseded for posie'iry. 11 is rcharkrble rha! a farher, *ho hnl r.ll.wcd cuiom in

pcrloming r'thild mariass", sholld wclcofre hndaughrerbrck inl. hn h.m aner she

calmly rn'ouncs rhal nis norpdssiblc for her td conrinue lo livc with hqlrusbrndand

his llmily bsauserhey sliow no scnsnlviiy to her_dill*cnine$ lnthcbcgitrriigof(he$vcntenrh centory, here is a *onan who asks lor.nd, \rhar k mo..8cs r room olherown'. Nor only does shc rclusc lo rolloN I sonantcommo. farc ar lhat iime.lhar

ol quiet submission b rtu noms st dovn by socicq'' but darcs ro brcak fi.c and ch.n

a couue of h.r own No doubr hci rarher's couFgc in supDonin! hn dccisior and makin8

ii posible lor hs io punuc an olicnarive s.y ol life had a l.r ro do wirh hh osn

spnitul oiimoiion and thc .dai'ny of his bclicf in her divinnv Hc wrs the fiB! torknoqledgc hq Sain$ood aid csiablihed rhc praclice olhubciig vcncrared as a s.in..

A rcn,ph and shrines *erc builr in lhe pla.es shc spenl time in Frci wc em edu.dcd

nembeB of ihc Dhar dm shc bclorged io. n*c .n otlerins ot sugtr crndv rt h* shrinc

r*ice a ye.r md l6t on hq dc.rh-mniYe*.ry' whichev* fimilv a Dhar C gdes into

anc' her dirl.ge, aho cmics on snh lne pndi.c Th. tsult is rbd todav mo KAbninPandit lafrilics have como undd Rulia Bh$.ni\ sphere olinnu.ncc hclisins rhd sh.

w$ r sai endowed wirh s(d spiihal Posd ft^ eid rhd in rhc bceinning,lhe orhcr

rncmbe$ ol her falhels fanily rould ridi.ule hin, atrd ddibdtlv cook a new olshccpt hooves in the kirchen, so rh ihe $rong, codse snell rnd nav.ur olrhe non_

vcgchiar dish, {hich bok a lone rinc ro cook, rould pennedr lhc sn ofDtdihrion

r € IYSTC AND TIE ROMANTC 207

a(d /rrl in rhe house. Bul Madhavr Dhar.nd bis daughter relused ro be poroked bysuch iccdlins md Rupa Bhavdni s prlicnco bccame as teAendary $ Lat Dc,l\. Likc LatDcd, shc too sriles my$ic poerry, dAoibing hu qmsr tor rhe divine and rhc ourcomeorhq yogic pmcrices. Bur lhe languagc sh. uscs does lol have rhe simpticity otLalDcdt Kahmin. li is intercsing ro norc tha! rho laftts ta.guage, rhough so nuch otder.is nu.h horc acce$ible b rhe preseni day icad.r rhd rhe fomcas. perhaF rhc reMnmay bc rhd dunns fie inlcf,ening thrcc cc urics Kashmi had wirn*sed swecpinghisto rical in d .u kuEi chai ges md consequcn rty be6me a I ineuisnc nehing por, trbsoAingRords foh rhc nonh, itrcluding lran and C$at Asia as $clt as tbn rhe souih. Rup,BhNui\ Br$nin ance$.E de believed ro hivc reiuoed lo K.shmn froD lhc Dcch.shclc lhcy had laken retuge fmm rctigtous pcs{urion, ontt . couple oi8ciaarionsbcforc shc was bon. In her poeiryi rhcrctorc, rhe influencc of sanskrn, rhc tanSuagc otrcliCion and i.relle@al discoune, isrtr.h moB visible. It s€ns rhai Lat Dcd dctibealelybrokc ficc lom rhe a€hna.ical srnrj.ckek ot accepied nomi linguisric as lclt associal sd rclisious, and chose ro idcnlity h!^clf with lhc n.s of peoptc. Evc, rhmhlking ol rhc subrlesr nyslic exp*icrcc, shc spcrls to rhm in rheir voicc. Blr RupaBhNari, oi 6c oiher hand, h qnirc oncn obscure. rt schs rhd she addrc$cs rheiDiri4cd, ro whoD her relerences rrd cttipses voul,l havE been comprchsNible. But aliillccffod in unEveling her udl,ris c.n be hi8hly resarding. givin8 oncplcasuE in rhciods as \ycl1 as wisdoft in rheir inpon.

Hq main wo* n lhe n,/',rlo?dlesl2. a colGction otone hurdrcd and torty fixnarus in rhc fom or !ra&rs, r lurety Kashmin veNe fom in vhich lhc ny$i.at anddiddcric focrry ollal Ded was wiren ir thc touncenih century.Ir conshrs ot four li.escach a hclEic rcrram{er, and does nol .dhcrc ro a slicr rhFe shcmq In tacr moreoner thar for, rhcre is no rhyne, bnt a sotcm ylhm, a cenain di8rjiy otmovendtsbich suirs rhc geneElly Brave ronc ofrctieious poelry. Otcoumc such poerry is oncnesolic roo and se nnd Rupr Bhavani varyire rhyrbns ro suir mysic ouibuhrs ofan

Shc bclins ihe main ldd ol ,tar,qdpd?€Jr!, wnh lhe rknoslcdgmenl rhar herfarher is .ndng her nst Gurus

o4 $ar . tdr t,e1h nimatanShuddha dqant iAJarihata,Ltl naa l lal patna s\torahShtra Madhav nahon ponhrn Bnhon tahart(I bcgin *ith rhesa cdsound and sthbol .Om... Halinginsblted rhEpure aodSrca{ly leaned Gun in rhc tom of Lat Ded and Madb.va. in a hed and nindpuificd.I rcrlizcrhar I rm rcdu.ed ro notbing in mysctf, bur becomeasupremescli a pan orBFbna Hinsll.)

Here k a nfirphysicd conccir in rh.nmnerofthe Enslish pod Jobn Donne - onetu norhing and everyrhinc ar rhc sanc rimc, {hich nishr sound absurd al tis! si8hr. bura clder look reveals that thar is cxactly whd happens in a mysric expencn.e otheletr

Veneration of rhe Cuo n a vcry impondr corcen olheN fte cud is idesarynot only to iritbte lu inro rhc {o d of knowledse, bui his hand isnceded ro guide ar

every dep of the slduous spnitual jouncy, ro discipline rn o$eeisc sr.ying mind andkeep ir on rhe hck ofrhc my$i.ilqucs.

Generally mysri. or ccdaric song h been one oflhe ioms uscd by wonen 1o

proten thc srricrws ard conycnrions ol parriarchy. Mim, chisrina Ro$d!, R.bid - allprovide such i'Ntmccs, bur bec Rupa Bhavani not only acceprs paliiarcht bur evenextoh it qhich 6 o comfrcnr upon $c righrly knn K$hniriPandit socicrt of the rime,where loudspDtcsr w.s nor imasimblc Pcnrps rhis is whar hrd sonclhing rddowirhthe hlhc! in rum doin8 all hc colld to suppon her Rhen sh.,lid brcak lree

A closc look ar rhc wa*rs ftvcat thar her nEb preoccuparion is silh primatphilosophical quc$ions: rhc puaosc ol Life and hoi to biie abolr a hamoniousrlarionshiD amoig ihc consirucnt ol.n individual pcnonality body, nind, enorionand soul. Shc talksabou!hor onc cm brcak flcc fton the limibtions olrhe body whitcwo*inglowards spniiual cvolurion andhowa trinquility olmind, whileeneaged in rhcqlcst for lhc Ercn.l Tru{h, cdn bc brdughr abour. The ddailed desriFion ol her oMyogic pncticcs .nd rhc crpcdcncc ol r rarc eciatic srare brought about by an .w.kened47'l,ll' i, in which rhc budm ol rhe marerial ro'ld seenE lo fall off d bc.oning purespni! thc xoal olncl]:d wirh rhc Absolute Realiry h achieve'1. are somc of rhc naincoiccns ol hcr {ork. Thc con.ept of rr r,}d, (he * eofNothitrgnessorrheidcaofrhegrcat Void) h ncnrioncd as.in rnd dgaitr in rh spn of rhe S,l sho asks lor norhingbu! thc bEl annihilalion ofsclf. Thc lollo{ins rc6s, richly melaphoncal irllsiraEs:

Gwnth Sunn h shunln khanrnr

Pantn asno kl .hadawnlG*alh prazuhut) krai suti

(Dccp scarch and rholgir r.hicvcd 6k ialclhc ncrcurial nind, Fivc kinJs ofsnificid

of nolhinsncss, lhai is hos I $illedftcs scrc 1ir, Thar is shrr brouqhi

Thc motil of tadFnr li8ha , h . reuning onc in all mynic pocqy. wherher in the

Es! or rhc Wcs. As rhc opposirc of tlmknc$, ir is thc finxl dhpelb ofdotrbr and a

rtvelation ol Trth, *hich is said ro be dzling ir nature. In Rupa Bhavani\ work too

*c find a simil[ rdcnr wish ro iI rhe rsles, doubri,g mind, rip up lhe veil olienomnco.nd scc rhl Liglf'. Shelmb io shed the burden ofthe gros ralit behindwhich rhc innr spin( is hidJcn, ard thus find self realizarior

Blingaruo of rhc hishty:dvanced nysric pEclices and expdiencs olatr exlremelycvolvcd spirit, her yd,[,l have renained inscce$ible to lhe ordiMry rc.der. Due !o thesotcric. subrle narure ofh experiences, her poetic soik is often enignaric. Thcrc isnorhing like m innanbneons nppon Drofoutr,l rhoqh, combincd wirh inlhsc t@tin8,mak$ hcr vmc obscure to rhe getreElly Ie$ soph isticlred I eads, who, not bcing on lhesanc mynical p lanc, finds n difficult o un mlel dr den sely packe,l meanin g. This is thc6ain rcason \yht hcr po.rry hm neve. been poptrhr,'Uflike mosr K6hmiripocrry, hciraairr havc dcvd bccn sung, nor si to music 1o become plr of a proie$ionil sin8efsrcp.nol$ which \as mainly responslble lor r pEsenatiotr oi Kashnni pocms in anomlhdirion.Thcyarcrhcprovinceolihe"iniiared,lhevesesbeinggcns.llyreciredonly ar gdftcnnss ofhr lollowcB ar special occaioDs like a ,ryd at hcr dcalh-mnivsary.Evcn rhosc who hrvc blen up a seious so,ly ii the pa$, havc added ro rhe obscuriryby inrcQdins thc mcmins rccodins io rhen osn p3nicular phllo$phy. Tl)at lhe la4ra8eusd t a mixnrc of old Kashmin, Smskii rd re^iar. mikes tbe Esk cvcn noredifucul!. To hn lollo{cn and dcvoiees, howeler, her words are pEcioN gcru, chenshedtill rhis day duc ro rhc au olsainthood that sunounds her. A lay peson is shck by$e shcd ro4c and rvcighr olhcralgumeDt onen preseited thDwh use olihe dcvi.c olrhc ncralhysicr|conccir" An malysisofherpoerrycan, rhscforc, bc boihachalknge

Thc rz.irs rcvcar a pdloialiry rery Nell-vescd in rhe Vedas, the Upa ishdas,vc{iaira aid lhc moi advanced IIin,lu philosophical rhough. She rrlks of rhe concepr olnor dualiry 6 oic who has lcli rlie pre*nce olrhe Unirc6al Spiril r*idins wirhin heroRn sllldispldyii! a Brc.onfidence in pEscribitrgthc righr plrh ro her lilrneE. Here

Kti?r to *aban y6 panq^ zttMdtqe nane .lnr ta, nntSudotuap dh)ana ,16 panrcMane rlari tu non)as nnt

(The onc *ho knows rirhin onesef nr Caus. and rh. Cn.s, Krows rhar Dryand Niehr cxhi ir lhc mind ir*li To one *ho knoss rhe Mutri trcered oncthrough nrditrliotr, T]tr mcarins is clcl Mlrd irsetf knows rhc

'dure ofrh.

lhe $ord:rd ir rhc ldi linc denands ateir on ror x itrnh.r drrxon. Foroi.

.(rrmi' d'pccc'oeed:_t lJ lelcc

-*-., tr'. ,.. =.'. "r .." t€ lreamJ o nuun - oIr ({o'd'Lg"(rs"er'i

ol m.eing ro .hc lisrenr ar oncc . r.ference b the hic*rchicrl rncture ol rhc KNhniri

Pmdit socicly where evsry pe6on bas a ccnain placc' in which he or shc has 1o be

located ll is aho inrer.$ing ro nole rhxr shc pEsdcs her faths\ nanc cvcn ^ she

lo.ales henclt in lhe line.8e of Lal Ded as rhouelr ro su$st hei:a!' in so manv seiss

of rhc rvord. Thc word p.cks inro i6c1f so much that makcs sene in ihe nchcsi manntr

b . nind bon $d bred in the Krshmiri socio_4lrunl 'Edition

lrcnicallv cnoqh n is

trhibalely $c l.nguage ol cst dcnved lron rhe socidl prcsure of rhe vcry BBhminkm

,hn Ruod Bhd 'ni orco ' )

| d e vc' o

-..-i -t .uu'. .'"c r'o"rl, I'osnrl mv i c! qnei fl roa ' c BL(r or su'i

schdol exlion ftc liltenertorhe rbove man-nade didncrionsevcn i I onlv bccmse lhev

were nad. by man with linited knowkdge qho could noi se rhc ore spnn ihat resi'led

in rll. md $etfo.e suspcct, vet rhc lo'g!.gc olmm is indhtcisablc

Obviously, Rupa Bhavani nud lnve becn bon ii a culturc ${pcd in relieion'

where Sansknr, d. lansuase of $c Hindu scnpturs and P sian the ofiicirl Languase'

weE idn o o,J'o.^ dn.ouFe -hc.N /rh "1,h a _d fo_borhlrnEu'se'bsonc, " '; ", "., "'.,"

;., "" ' *,',5r" 'c\ne

o Lr r-grr rc o^kbluno Bon"1",;.!,,r' B;-'" ,mi , ft' h"'l oo v, rew se ad on' B't coF ro {n e in Ka' I i

iro- Surh r'aia, -a ""nsiae'i"g ns nch socio relisious culluFl baclgrcund n Nould

."". rr* tu"r, , u-di.. .nO -"r, schola^hip Nould come e'sv, but ir has ro be nodccd

;st she alone or hcr brorbe^ anJ sisieE rceived t spffk rhal sct b$ on d 6v icrl

onme. uDrll hr oq .n l".r ! 1a'!* ol n.'' ' 'uPoo'co ro ha c b'" i 1 c

i.'- ';.'"h,-;.- h. r'' *, ''lh^c'e'enrrr\''rt snhe lrlo:ms $ sooJ s,mD , o h" I'nbu r'c norD \F-" "r''r'v i

''crmn rhc sa kilGed KashDin ro fie PestanGcd:

Yot diri t. buh turale w'aBhr i ptd Cd'tu /6a r6tKhasat ta d'abdd shu tu ohaql

Sota s rdC wena ta .lrya'g

(lfhc should SFnl a boo!,I {ould ved frvslfro nv c$cnce Mv feet slo*lv

tcadinsrhe e;h, t wouldrisc in a Esonance orthe ekddsound snd Ihc nuric

of rhc rdron& rhe w.d and rhe c""a )

Thc wod rrr,).g neans to wcd and oltqs a p lec! cx mplc o' how cven a pcNon

.' J..."."" """"r nroug bro r"'ronuar'fg

..i. ' ,;.g" '- t "" o "-'. c.* ' 1or r' fic. ror nr porfl or c\:"inc

!d.xh hru l, h rhe mid i rflerro *r 5T h o Jeoend uDon

,/'r," hceanlr.nd3'a" s'\'ng'dDu(\anrr'"hie'runqsndt"43de

"-;i.;;" ;;. ;'.i'. t'c'F rh( ri'n- or rr 'dr*e *nF .d n r

;lil';,;*'.'*." "'", d K'"h-' de trm

11 -,1,i;',,,"o ;-i --i",. ", ! A " rd "

c Mod I teq'Fe'r"koriod $c

;"::ll;'.;;,: j,";,,. -^."-"e po'i o r n b''{ tt :n m-s'!a i) lnoub\'he

,;l ;.;.;; ;, ;;i i, 'nr po; n *hi'n rakA 'r

I . be o ! rine \ run"d

,.;:il;,. ;.',;; . "" "','r e orp" h'| tu"idn orLhoub' r ano'o m rce s s d

:;:':-i:l;; ;";;,"" -.^-" ','e ."m^ or m 'pi' r *'ma )s '|hrc

3h \a' oc

1."'l.i o"t-. '". t * "' "T or #sms' d

'he s D"m" - rr'evedrc he

;i::,:,;";;:'";;'";..' ", ''".nb M'r-E",,f r'.'bur, o

hrrotuouslv re!erL!'' -'"' rt*'", 'pn'r""pt eer'tu's\ 'r?'rdo roa r'oncedorro

., ., Ili ;"";";.l ; ;.'", 0' cv'n'no e'um-q br-se Fe sdvo is $e

:,1. i .";.'. ;' .' '" " ," "" D$' irr ' E-rr o rm o"de dtsrnd'ons rhd

'd

-.., ii"i.".*. a*tfind e ilvdon d'o_eh iFd'v'a-rl eno' do ncri''

:*,,;;;i ;:;" ", "", . *. *""' "^

n'". * "noni.hmd

1' r $'d m're(

ili'"I i"1, " ,i^:, "1 . ;

"y .o er(d lumd oe'rg. $'o ic F oonib* ro' rhe

,:ili],;;;:";'J '.; <on i 'Pa4d

$'hq I cFcd'dr'-irsmct

Nar tatu tor sovo'a

Na tunE ,a wt' to no guthtBroth an xYe a! Pdto t! vturtaahd'da! aui @ I'r! dar''

rF.fl rhc ivcr wiih lhe {ind as ltlrymM Colo ess' canete$' clan le$ Wced

l,iiil'""ii ".i,r,"" a"

'r" *", who thn dc debtor and Nho crcdiror?)

Nlelnho. rc n t'T'ic "nrrnc n n'noa samo Yg tr m <!nr'r' e rd o

^t"'*_o'*"n "r '" t** ofsuP"ao voro'tcaitr"f\rh wfi"n neD! c

;T:',;:-:::.;.i;;,,;:,; '. "',.''.- ""',,.". ro""'u' omo eoa' c'Idi

;#J. ':'""i. ;:,; -0"

, .'n o" ' '* - "'- "-" one m"' ca d

.;-:; rh; ':. . . c ". d p + n n rlcn "elr' rn' ' Kahm brdwom" sho

:::;j;:'j';; il'.;;;.' or 'onv io romsre"hd

ndicrl shtefrctr asains dscrininrrion

Y$ a"i h4t dhran to Pt6 tal'Knh no seti to kuhti n0 EekZagi llata: to lagas bele

PanaY ,ana: stli ale

rhe onc "ho mco_dc 'nd con'cur ( $erh o1'er' rdge ro ' sd n

, :,;". '"'. ;;'.";,';';' "' """

F' ;o'r'' rc' s/r' s om' I ar "'r'

I-fle s dl qmsr Jc trc ro u"ed' L\'1r!T" sd 'T''^ ' o {p' m

..,,:-:","1;;;;i:, ;."',"- \tro,om.o\ne ims iono, m*e r A{oun'brir

.:'.i;':'; ;;;","-. h"ri -o orhc h"c '-i'tr "dre rcrerid$"

'"'' 1,"'l;.;."*-' derne d'n'u'a ode'@ror oo-r'roIe

h ph dc!rcc ofP!ei( skill" i"',.".*1''*'' "'" v" ! I l. i +F c\n qup' Br s'n ro nc'\e \ ro e

. "Jli"'iiiii",i: "i

il" .,in ;cr;h, Nirs ,he mdapho, or $e raa' and her cups

D?eh amrd tda tno:l

Lo^a Piala 'tututsaqaY Pilao h 'hu ha

tu baho hlJn hatuala

'lheood\ '1bl "':e-or"'ne Tl''up o'n r!c s_onn

o s!' mmc mJ li lrhem b rhe brr dd

;.;;o. ", r q - e.rt r n, |de' r) !e3-'

b.ttr'bsrt cJudon i_ n ' I'r( ''cc ed $ 'h

....,::i.,;.;;;'"1."-.1;"- ".a.m poc ^. H{.e n( r"mrrinr^ horr Kha)) 'a*' l; ;l'.:;i;^"; rrr0 Bo, -\o u c rhc m"E"hor''o n rr'c' \cr { bn

" \'n r"i'

; '. 'll""'lil'1";"""-'" o b b(orbr"\n'' !i'brc l'n-eis'r{

,,;:;-: -,i'. ;;;,'..'he \d, no$'e tr Lo hc r:rc o s"h'u'' "'n t r'rba

;i;: ;;;; i .j; ,.." *"".. --.*-i"':l-il::;.* l;lll,'1,1":n^n normndrt

'o dtv a\n\ ns in trder ruo ev rnNgr!-i

':". .;,";; ";""-''"r" " '"' "nr'{or(d ou rc\'* d I r lo"rrc ' me he

lt.,, r t''; ,t.t,"". ' r - 'o- trod ry 'ir' pe 01 le ' 'I?t.dr' - Lh-

Chhdra* |n)adh nad bintu both

Da okhd'd nilaJ' okhth

Tov tuoP taslo hoon6 klnh

Jpt paEane karan clvone

rchum rhe milk olnt n1id, vour Sclflhc chumr, l'calc rhe lriral Poinr rid

lourd. B@k ir down rvi$ thepovsofncdiradon, Hcrtrhcbu(qolkro*kdee

r"./'mpolr.Jou il'hegn'_qr '-r's li d " 'l;'om.on, a n'obro_!rn ot lD l-t n' ri"i' !\nu'.-.',-".. "'" r_ _cedFJl:d n r' ' \

f i 'oe'.. oe r' '1i' o'in" _ e('o

",..",,,,,,.. nrn ro 'Fdbo\' ,b. ieh'iinrs'r rl-cn\'r'rl em

,"",r""", '. . !|eydo c re-oho Tlc 'md-"

to-nrrir 'i rle

;".",, " "-'"^"' "*orc. " ur n urlrrr'{u " orr'o 'l' r' ir

in. .i.",t* "rr,io.,"-. ,n. arithood ot Lord khhia Alirhis idds horc lav*s o'

mcin is Lo tl,! No L,Jrt,r"i'-":,p' 'un' omc " lc lon? "

-..,--.d .t l 'b$ f_!' ''nul' - mo erde i'

'Pen"'rb"'" . """..", 1. . no ,1 '.p_r'c 'o Jc omoe n'1 ''onrool, rl ,.!r' bl Trhueoro" ^ '"0 d r! uh"d !ro ph F

has ro be found to cxplair ths unexplain.ble . nor an sasv hsk bv aD v nrcoE A hvsrLc

sould be qdite cont;! \'ilh rh.expuiln.c i6clland bipPv to $v in $t!blnsftrl$ e

in siknce, but as r nocr shc Dud spc.k and loc:buhrv crn xr bei bc he(odca!

amroximarion ola naic ofnrDd Fo. *aDrplc, lhe ph sc a"d"/[,l 'ia'ri oc'os as

"','"r,"i..,r,. *A or" r".g" n,-tuollicrvdses Brsi'llv Ssnskrit lhc litcral dcinin_q

or ,"prto*i", "og rht r,*" in{ards The ad olicd"'a is supposcd ro actuailv

bcoi,, sirbmedih(ioi. i' \Lhich sirh cv$ cLoscd, onc lor3ch evcryrhing that crn bc seen

*iin,r'. "r".

s" *r* ao". o* "cc?

Thc im.ses orlhc cxredrl \Yond $ 'ise

to rlie

hird, No, cveryrhids rcg ne objcdivc rcaLnvhas to bc suspended h ns pl!'e thcF

n cortemphrio; or;rcs srn slabv oncs own selrvirhoui rnv cxrenal rLds r kind

orselfco;nmioi in }hhh nomal tshri (.ye sighl) hs no role ro phv whd oie

mav see now. ifonc is a mvst c ofndtrrc, qould be somcllrng ihar lies insidt ones o*i{li Tb.t is rhc \'ay in rvhich serins sondhing rhd $inoibe scctr makcs tNe RuPl

Bhrvmi does oor u:c $e clichi, thc cvcs oldt soul Bc$g a pod shc trscs rhe nudi

mor. eEDhi., lorcctul rh$se inical ror su.h p ccptiotr

Dtaat *th. roav 0i s tG\dr r:t" t alv tvn)ashiPadn a^he td dtta to:hrS\r,nr Fmrdom d Yart! tt)ot nalli

Oh! anhonc new @1Yards, unrc$min.d, TLLI the C!ru, 1ik' cod HrFllImmubble..ppe ed, My bodv lorgonen, in ncdirtion Nas conttrr'lrluilncLY I

rea,hcd ihal blNful idc dNtined lor mcl)

This is, ofcousc, a loose nanslation, be.ause manv tldnks i4d io be filled *hile

unde6rmdins md criticalty.pprccitling rhis v!,t' WhilcrheimaeeofIhcnindasan

unb.idl.d h;c my nor bc r tmlrkrble onc in ny$ic Foetry, phcing lhc Self in a

n"nkrlar r, L c .is1 ol rlr 'ol'a J b enluR d br'$ru

."nln't " -cr .*e" rolrr s mpN i. - .\oe ea $ 'r's '{c 'l'i' Li't otre

ol her vaat s to thc lcvel olgreat pociry' Hsc is morhcr:

Kvah taa dazok veh heri baEe

RD\, hari ho ha. a6lct sraknKtuh taaYe vwaes s abhare

Shch h ba nthk'doare krda)

/The onc lho berF rhe hcar rhxi bums, Ieek rhc 'ao 'a_Dl"i'l

aid boih insards'

ihed-s bu^ "w.v,

rhc s$rc' spnngs ronb rhe naning cauldron is cookd

,ndc!a!\o*-of r'd'l')

obviously lne v,,1, explairo rhc vogic pnctice olbrcath conlol kno{n as l'a'l"'Thc i;tse d;sciDliic or Mh pEcticc is supposed io lcad ro nor onlv sclr_ptrrificalion'

i"i"r". rrr" *"1i.r." .rr.rl, "vcry

mviic\ soal Thc ve6c G a graphic descripiion

or nts Drc.e ,, Ls. e aeupho' 10 - me aJ -e\ :nd u' \'rhen 'ogc

he'

rh;tr,. " b'J-s n; Fd!tsv rhn ch'?.(r /' Flpa Bna ir' ' Doeq dr'\c

mNi mvsric oods who ;u$,$ an 1nllirive .onprthcNion or$e Unlnom she can onlv

."*.m-ai"',r' ""r. *.r^"-tl)Tedrhe- ohp'os o rlrc\cn e eoinbo\cr

"ii'i",-.-.t on",po dea go\c-{hdtr"'o,cn'r e\odnJ*n! retrdn' r'd

'..t' * -"" "*- - t "rt, b s e_ or'onsl onc Ih'' \

- -.i^"-"*^ "' **".'. , .i.-.! s... . s, Lo \ard.e\e Lo",d ootin"(vc

-',i-.*",-",,'a. a "vcrobe

I tuo /Ld - oaer 'oundeaE d$crull

" i" '" ',1",* .1"4 | ".r s'D ro d?* T' out o h'i con

'ne' or ''inthond

rn

o,J o *"rizc rr.t srrc ** not onl] a mv$ic, bui a blenrcd pod an ext'ordinarv

*..m or "ouraS".

*nose *ar place in lhe hhrory of Klshdni lilenMe md lhoush!'

needs Io bc bcts resetrched and dercmined'

Arnin'l

AnimalNxs bon in Palhalan, a villag. near Pdkn, in 1737 AD and prsed a{av in 1773

oO. *r'ir" uir' "

.nrd tn. ** -"ded to Bhavrni Da$ Kachn of Rainawdi Srind8ar'

"i., "** -". *, - -, "r ' ,c' rno "on,P'R.Drron tom i I Ardlid cdemo

'"*in.'.l. "..0 "" "" rl" aurho_F'p or 3''rr'bllinrarr ldcr\eercn

*.' i" r"t"l * - i.p.n*t n nciidnary dd becam' pan 'r rhe coun clnc and its

Thar wait €me ro m fld shcn UdJhndeva died Kola Rai licd ro koep Udymdevd\dearh a 6erct but rh3t didil hetp, wirhin days shab Mn grabbcd powfi and the tosenngPrnd tulc (ire ro sn eno. whcn Shsh Vi' finsfiy u!.rp"o tower a. d.?me ro bL r\et -g by ftc a dec"de of rhe j4d \cntu.y, Lu. Ds tro_U hd!- occn aige lhe wora sve.ccn mo{ of hc nrrcr-dED\n (.. ir. Src woutdJ.o h"'\c besquito natuE as a poer and, ol couse, acquired a teen senso ot obseration andu trdcBrbding shah Mn died $nh in ! acw yem of his ascens ion !o rhe rhEr e md lhesubscqudt bloo,ly duel beNeh his sons Jsmshcd and Ati Shcr cndcd wnh rhe tafl,dcrhrcni.g his brother md as$mi.g ktigship under fte ritte A !-ud-din. That happcnsdin ll47 AD *hen Lal would havc bccn advancinC iow&ds he!middte age.l is said.!dal rimo shc had becone ftmou.t TBdirions say rhat she ravellcd much and oamedfiom placc ro place. Hisrory also rclk us rh gEat uph.avats wcrc rakinE ptee at rhatlins. Thc chmge a be hetm wls torcin8 chatrEes on rhe sociery N.bles and ctieiainswho had e eEd into hariblrcldionship *irhlhs Shahnjns werc discovoine rhar ilrv6nor that sirpb an r all an,l tha! lhh relarionship ms provjng io bo lhen udoing. D Thclo.ll chieiains who brd supponcd Sh.h Mn itr his usurpatio! otlower wcr nor reapingils tuirs bur paying dre costs otrhcn naiveryr as rhere w6 rumoil. kitlings ard rhcshuming ofpositions ofposcr Thctu mu ako h.ve been tunhe! influx otpeoptc ird6e nonhem .r.as of kinsmcn .nd synpaihiseb ot rhe Shah Mir dynary ard oi orhd

It was aboni this rimc qhon, d JonaBjar, fttdes, KjnE Alta-ud-din s son Shihab-ud din nust hdve had hisrcdinE wilh rhe ,thicf

o ry,glrh.. Lalcr, nu.h larer. tislorimsolKashmn nainbin rhrl !his chicfYogini coutd haec been Lal Dcd.Lr Sincc Jonamja isror specific, a cloud of doubl has alftys hovered ovo rhis No ccnrury hrc idcnrification.HosNe!, it rcus a couplc olthin8s abour talshi.h sohehow havc ioi bccn reckonedin rhe deEih tha! se hNc of Lat Dedt tife, nost of thn being lillcd *irh prdfusemythical elcncnts. This shows rhar evcn at ihal linc, rhe l/ogiri\ idendncadon wasasumed ro bc !h.r of Lal, porllar ncmory abour h0 *as rhar ol a s.int of muchhinence who lived in a cloistq with a bdnd ol Stira )ostn. Thar hcr conceb *irh 6e*jngrl,i! had not atogclhcr ccascd And, shal is vgry significat as tor hd igc is rbshe ws clderly enougi ro bc lhe .hiot of $e yo8ink.

'Illcn Shihab-ud din crmc ro dlc. His risr exrendcd 102l yeaN $d betorc ns c,dLal Dcd died. Shihab ud-din was a warior litrg who l.d foreign qpcdjtions. Hc h6 beencompared to rhe Ereat gcncral L.lir.dnya sho had ted similar bur morc crknsiveexpedilions deep into tic sub.onrindi as se as cenlrat Asia jn 9s com!ry AD. Burcommun.l nrile appeam lo havc inrmsified as lhc Mustim nte eot consolidaled and mortoreigncn are prsnocd lo hivc pduftd inio Kashhn Valey. Cohpdcd ro rhe bodcr

'lelen.c describedbyAlberuni r*o cerruries edtid,lhen*r Muslim hi$onmotKashnn