Cultivation of CymbidiumCultivation of Cymbidium

Presented by : Darjeeling Gardens Private

Limited

Deflusking SeedlingsDeflusking Seedlings

Seedlings inside the bottle

Grab the larger plants and pull to separate the agar from the bottle of the jar tenderly and gently with minimum mortality rate.

Rinse the agar from the root mass

Soak the plants in a solution of subdue (systematic fungicides) for about 5 minutes

Ready to plant seedlings in the given manner

IDEAL CONDITION FOR THE GROWTH IDEAL CONDITION FOR THE GROWTH OF CYMBIDIUMOF CYMBIDIUM

LIGHT INTENSITYLight Intensity can be control by Shade net (50% to 70%) andartificial Light using halogens. Maximum day length should be 16 hours.  RELATIVE HUMIDITY RH should be between 50% to 80% and it can be control by roofspraying, floor spraying or exhaust fans. TEMPERATURE During the hardening stage the temperature should me maintainat 18°C at night and 20-25°C during the day i.e. 18°C-25°C After hardening the plant the temperature can be around 14°C to 20°Cin winter period.

SUBSTRATESUBSTRATE

Substrate should be light , aerated ,good water holding capacity and highporosity so there are two kind of media we can use for the growingcymbidium:

Leaf Mull : this are locally prepared and Low cost media with naturalfeeding to the plants generally used by the local people, but it had its own disadvantages like this substrate are to change every year, it isnot safe from pest and diseases, feeding the plant before rootdevelopment and others

Cocopit : This substrate is a bi product of coconut and are used as aMedia globally because this media are safe from pest and diseases andis also a soilless cultivation. This media can be reused after steralization.So if we see the cost effectiveness it is cheap. But here one has to maintainproper fertigation schedule.

PRODUCTION PROCEDUREPRODUCTION PROCEDURE

We deliver Cymbidium in flasks (tissue

culture flasks) or as plantlets, when their

leaves are 10-15 cm long, sow it in plugs

(plug trays) or accordingly given in the

picture and keep it uniformly. Put a label

of their varieties on it. Do not used any

fertilizers until the roots starts developing.

Maintain the temperature between 18-25°C

and humidity between 60% to 80% .

when plants are large enough (after 6 to 8

Months ), they can be transplanted into

14/15 - cm pots (2-litre volume) and the

nature of media should be little more

Aerated by mixing coco – chip or pine

Barks with the substrate or dry cow dung

as practice locally.

IRRIGATIONIRRIGATION

Water is one of the most important factors in production. Only

rainwater or reverse osmosis water is suitable. Ultimately, any

other kind of water will always result in cultivation problems.

Provide enough water storage capacity. On hot days an average

Cymbidium crop needs 2-3 litres water per m2 per days for

transpiration. If water being provided by drip irrigation is not

maintained at a minimum temperature of 12°C, various growth

problems can develop. Warmer temperatures result in no problems

as long as the water is kept below 25°C. A counter-flow system or

small heated indoor intermediate tank is required.

MICRO AND MACRO NUTRIENTSMICRO AND MACRO NUTRIENTSGenerally orchids require less fertilizer than most other plants. But feeding them the right amount of orchid fertilizer at the right time can lead to more brilliant flowers and stronger growth. In the winter, or when the plants are not actively growing, don’t fertilize the orchids at all. Thin-leaf orchids such as Cymbidium  will have leaves with burned tips. To remedy this situation, flush the pots with plain water to get the fertilizer out. Orchids need 16 nutrients—nine macronutrients and seven micronutrients. Macronutrients are so called because they are needed in larger quantity. On the other hand, micronutrients, though equally critical to the health of orchid, are need in very small amount. These nutrients are:

MacronutrientsHydrogen (H) – food productionCarbon (C) – food productionOxygen (O) – food productionNitrogen (N) – leave and stem growthPhosphorus (P) – flower productionPotassium (K) – general good healthCalcium (Ca) – cell wall formationSulfur (S) – combined with N and P to produce proteinsMagnesium (Mg) –producing food

Micronutrients Iron (Fe)Manganese (Mn)Zinc (Zn)Copper (Cu)Boron (B)Molybdenum (Mo)Chlorine (Cl)

FUNGICIDES AND INSECTISIDES (MEDICATION)FUNGICIDES AND INSECTISIDES (MEDICATION)

Alternative use of systematic and unsystematic fungicites like

Bavistin and Indophill M45 respectively used. In the rainy season

or when the humidity is very high we can use Moximate or

Companion.

We can use O-Mites Or Atom for mites and Insects. Jump can be

also used if trips are visible.

GREEENHOUSE SYSTEMGREEENHOUSE SYSTEM

• Hi-Tech Greenhouses : Made of GI pipes or alluminium fitting underlatest UV sheet with good irrigation system (Drip Irrigation facility).

• Low Cost Greenhouses : Made of bamboo and low cost UV sheet and water tank for irrigation.

For cultivating cymbidium should have several sections for producingCymbidium to accommodate the various flowering periods :

• vegetative phase for young plants

• early-season flowering (until Christmas)

• mid-season flowering (January-Februaray)

• late-season flowering (March – April)

Bed Should be prepare in such a design so that the will be properdrenching of water ( at least 20% ) and aeration.

Shade net of 30 to 50% is provided to control light intensity

Age Environment Irrigation Fertigation Medication Pot size (inches)

3 month to 8 month

18 degree C to 28 degree C to be maintain the night the temperature can go down to 14 degree C not below than that

Whenever the media is dry( media wash is necessary every month)

NPK (19:19:19) 1.5g/ltr in a week in summers and need less fertilizers in winters and rainy season.

Bavistin 1g/ltr and Indophill M45 1g/ltr alternatively sprayed alternativelyConfidor or Atom is spread in a fortnight 1ml/ltr.

4*3” pot

9 months to 20 months

Same as above but the night temperature can go down to 8 degree C. Needs more aeration

Same as above Media wash is necessary and is done monthly.

NPK(19:19:19) 2 g/ltr in a week and 1.5g/ltr in rainy season and winters.

Whenever is required or is visible. Localise spary is helpul.

6*4” pots

21 month to 30 month

Same as above Same as above NPK CaNO3 and KNO3 in the ration of 3:1:1 twice in a week in summers and one in a week in winters and rainy season

Same as above 8*10” pots

31 months till flowering

Same as above. Needs a little cooler climate for flowering (8 degree C to 15 degree C is ideal) noght temperature can go below 6 degree C and need more areation

Same as Above Same as above Same as above and jump can be also used.

12*14” pots

SCHEDULE SHEET FOR CYMBIDIUM CULTIVATIONSCHEDULE SHEET FOR CYMBIDIUM CULTIVATION

Thank youThank you

Darjeeling Gardens Private LimitedDarjeeling Gardens Private Limited33rdrd Floor Janpath House Floor Janpath HouseSeth Srilal Market, Sevoke RoadSeth Srilal Market, Sevoke RoadSiliguri- 734001Siliguri- 734001Mob no. +919733312397, +9133312385Mob no. +919733312397, +9133312385