CST ReviewDay 4

World HistoryIndustrial Revolution

Imperialism

Agricultural Revolution

Population

Technology

URBANIZATION

Fewer Farms + Technology

=

Urbanization

• If less farms are needed, what happens to farmers?

• Where are they going to move?

Production

Need for more resources Need for new markets

Pollution1st large scale destruction of the environment

Components of Industrial Society

• Entrepreneurs- • Factors of Production• Land Labor Capital

Social Inequality•Capitalism creating very

wealth and very poor.•Poor living and working

Conditions

Response

• Romanticism– Nature!!!– Poetry!!!

•Unions—Wages and working conditions

•Communism and Socialism—The proletariat: working class —Karl Marx—Share and own the factors of production

Why England???

Why England?

• Natural Resources• Geographic Advantages• Stable Government and Economic Strengths• Population Growth• Inventions and Technology

Natural Resources

Industrial Revolution Now

Inventor Invention Significance

James Watt Steam engine Power, energy, and transportation

Eli Whitney Cotton gin Sped cotton production textile industry

Henry Bessemer Bessemer process STEEL quicker and cheaper

Louis Pasteur Pasteurization (sterilization) of liquids

Germ theory and cleanliness

Thomas Edison Light bulb Longer working hours

What is Imperialism?

• Dominating and controlling other countries• Building an empire

ImperialismEuropeans of the late 1800s and early 1900s use their wealth and advantages to conquer foreign lands and influence the economies,

politics, and social lives of the colonized.

• Pride and Power• Economic Advancement• Superiority

Power and Pride

• More colonies = more power• Nationalism= patriotism and pride in one’s

nation

Economic Competition

• The Industrial Revolution

• Need for new markets

• Need for more raw materials

Superiority

• Social Darwinism= Racismo Survival of the fittest

• Missionary Impulseo Christianity

Types and Locations

Types• Colony-direct control• Protectorate-country whose policies are

guided by a foreign country. Not ruled directly

• Sphere of Influence—when one country has trading rights in another place.

Types and Locationscontinued…

Countries involved:• Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,

The Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and the United States

Colonizing Nation

In Africa? In Asia? In South America?

Great Britain X X X

France X X X

Germany X X

Italy X

Japan X

Netherlands X X

Belgium X

Spain X X

Portugal X X

US X

Scramble for Africa

• Between 1875 and 1900 Europeans control of Africa went from 10% to 90%

• Tensions begin to mount between rival European nations

• Conference call to defuse disputes and set guidelines

Berlin Conference

• Divided up Africa• No African representatives present• Tribal territories and rivals were no considered• Created unnatural boundaries• Divided tribes and coupled enemies• Leading to modern problems in Africa

Ethiopia and Liberia were the only two countries to retain

EffectsPositive• Europeans kept peace• Europeans oversee creation of

modernized infrastructure, – including sanitation, railroads,

roads, postal system, telephone lines, and dams

• hospitals and school systems• Irrigation methods introduced

that improve farming• Customs considered immoral

by western standards eliminated

• New laws applied to all, breaking down some class systems

Negative • Africans and Asians lost control

of their land and independence• Resources controlled by

Europeans• European manufactured goods

replaced locally made goods• Europeans treated locals as

inferior• Many died of new European

diseases and warfare• Famines due to move from

subsistence agriculture to cash crops

• Breakdown of traditional cultures

• Unnatural boundaries that combined or unnaturally divided groups

Long Term

• Western ideals, culture, and goods spread throughout world

• Competition raises stakes between European nations and eventually leads to war

• Global economy dominated by industrialized nations

• Eventually leads to strong nationalism within the colonized nations