css3: are you experienced?

Denise R. Denise R. JacobsJacobsRich Web

ExperienceFort

LauderdaleDecember 2010

Are You {css3;} Are You {css3;}

Experienced?Experienced?

The Twitter Experience

I am:@denisejacobs

We’re at: @rwx #rwx

And I’m talkin’ jive about: #css3ux

2008: the start of the Summer of CSS3 Love

http://www.flickr.com/photos/victoriapeckham/2091704802/

CSS3 is super groovy, man

• Easier implementation of visual effects

• Effects that enhance the user experience

“Do websites need to look exactly the same in every browser?”

http://dowebsitesneedtolookexactlythesameineverybrowser.com/

“Do websites need to be experiencedexactly the

same in every browser?”

http://dowebsitesneedtobeexperiencedexactlythesameineverybrowser.com/

We haven’t kicked the habit

Design and Development Approach

Many folks still design their sites as if users are still…

On one device

In one environment

Whereas, nowadays…

The Age of Emotional

& Experience Design

Emotional Design

“Aesthetically pleasing objects appear to users to be more effective by virtue of their sensual appeal and an affinity the user feels for the object based on a formation of an emotional connectionto it. “

‐Wikipedia (with liberal edits)

Experience Design

“…Designing products, processes, services, events, and environments with a focus placed on the quality of the user experience….Experience design is driven by consideration of the moments of engagement between people and [objects], and the ideas, emotions, and memories that these moments create.”

‐Wikipedia (with liberal edits)

Dimensions of Experience Design• Duration

– Initiation, Immersion, Conclusion, and Continuation

• Intensity– Reflex, Habit, Engagement

• Interaction – Passive < > Active < > Interactive)

• Triggers– All Senses, Concepts, and Symbols

• Significance– Meaning, Emotion, Function

Good looks +

http://www.flickr.com/photos/spierzchala/66232046/

Delight +

http://www.flickr.com/photos/cristeenq/2360466038/

Compatibility =

http://www.flickr.com/photos/trektrack/134157546/

A strong positive user experience

http://www.flickr.com/photos/meggers/2378288736/

Sites need be usable and look good to as many people as

possible.

That’s the true goal.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/shirinwiniger/3680885289/

So the question is…

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exquisitur/2549355743/

Are You {css3;} Are You {css3;}

Experienced?Experienced?

The website “trifle”

Markup

Style

Experience

Levels of importance for design and features

Critical Important Nice to Have

BrandingUsability

AccessibilityLayout

InteractionsFeedback

Visual RewardsMotion

You get out what you put in

• Design the user experience to leverage the best technology of the time

• Let the capabilities of the device determine the experience

Give some user experience love

• Adding an experience layer can take a good design and make it a great one.

• CSS3 facilitates this with very little effort.

Progressive Enhancement is the way

Css3 b

What’s the difference betweenGraceful Degradation or Progressive Enhancement?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/tom1231/273579455/

There is a difference“Progressive enhancement uses web technologies in a layered fashion that allows everyone to access the basic content and functionality of a web page, using any browser or Internet connection, while also providing those with better bandwidth or more advanced browser software an enhanced version of the page.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement

But we are really talking aboutProgressive enhancement = behavior

Progressive enrichment = style

CSS3 UX layer

• Is all about progressive enhancement + progressive enrichment of the experience for the user based on what their browser can render.

One set of users gets this

• Modernizr article example

While another gets this


And another gets this


But they all feel this

Unique convergence point

However, there are issues…

http://www.flickr.com/photos/cybervin/266632074/

Relationship Status:

It’s Complicated

Still a working draft

Validation (or lack thereof)

Uneven browser support

http://www.evotech.net/blog/2009/02/css-browser-support/

And code bloat…Ideally:

a.polaroid:active{

z-index: 999;border-color: #6A6A6A;

box-shadow: 15px 15px 20px rgba(0,0, 0, 0.4);

transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.05);

}

Reality:

a.polaroid:active {z-index: 999;border-color: #6A6A6A;-webkit-box-shadow: 15px

15px 20px rgba(0,0, 0, 0.4);

-moz-box-shadow: 15px 15px 20px rgba(0,0, 0, 0.4);

box-shadow: 15px 15px20px rgba(0,0, 0, 0.4);

-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.05);

-moz-transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.05);

transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.05);

}

Oh my!

CSS3 Support

• X% Now • 2 • X% in 6 months • 4 • X % in 2 years • 9 • X % in 4 years • 100% Who knows?

CSS3 Specifications

Browser Compatibility Charts

http://www.findmebyip.com/litmus

Cross- Browser Testers

Some Useful Tips

http://www.flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/3216359107/

Progressive techniques

• A proper stack• Multiple stylesheets• Targeted styles (advanced selectors)

• Place default properties first• Place browser‐specific properties ahead of standard properties

• The standard properties will override the vendor’s when the standard is established.

Leverage source order

A Proper Stack.gradient {color: #fff;

A Proper Stack.gradient {color: #fff;background: #aaaaaa url(gradient_slice.jpg) 0 0 x-repeat;

/*fallback background color & image*/


/*fallback background color & image*/background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #07407c,

#aaaaaa); /* gradient for Mozilla */



#aaaaaa); /* gradient for Mozilla */background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left

bottom,color-stop(0, #07407c),color-stop(1, #aaaaaa)); /* gradient for the Webkits */





-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#07407c', EndColorStr='#aaaaaa')"; /* filter for IE8 (& IE9) */





-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#07407c', EndColorStr='#aaaaaa')"; /* filter for IE8 (& IE9) */

filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#07407c', EndColorStr='#aaaaaa');

} /* filter for IE7 and lower */

Have more than one…stylesheet

Use multiple stylesheets to add layers of style complexity for multiple platforms

See:http://www.alistapart.com/articles/progressiveenhancementwithcss

Styling in multiples@import 'reset.css'; @import 'structure.css'; @import 'typography.css'; @import 'widgets.css';

Employ Useful Tools

Ie7.js: A javascript library that make IE act like a standards‐compliant browserhttp://code.google.com/p/ie7‐js/

Modernizr: detects support of CSS3 properties in browsershttp://www.modernizr.com/

Be advanced

Advanced selectors are a good way to specifically target styles for modern browsers.

Advanced CSS selectors

Remember these from CSS2.1?• E + F: Sibling• E > F: Child• Attribute• pseudo‐element: : before, : after

Advanced selectors

New kids in town: CSS3, contd.• E ~ F ‐ selects an F element that comes after an E element

• E:nth‐child(n) ‐ selects an element which is the nth child of its parent element – E:nth‐last‐child(n) ‐ same as the previous selector, but counting from the last one

– E:nth‐of‐type(n) ‐ selects an element which is the nth sibling of its type

Advanced selectors

New kids in town: CSS3• E:only‐of‐type ‐ refers to an element which is the only sibling of its type

• E:not(s) ‐ selects any element that doesn't match the simple selector s

Some tools

Modernizr.com

What does Modernizr do?

Modernizr detects which CSS3 (and HTML5) properties are supported by the browser, and then allows you to create styles that will work in targeted browsers.

How to use Modernizrhttp://www.alistapart.com/articles/taking‐advantage‐of‐html5‐and‐css3‐with‐modernizr/

http://webdesignernotebook.com/css/how‐to‐use‐modernizr

http://www.ericlightbody.com/2010/modernizr‐your‐tool‐for‐html5‐and‐css3‐functionality/

CSS3 Properties: Visual and User Experience Layers

http://www.flickr.com/photos/southpaw2305/3705409282/

NOTE: None of the IEs support CSS3.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnsnape/4258191545/

…as in “not any”. Right. ‘Nuff said.

6 7 8

CSS3 for Visual Presentation

1. @font‐face2. gradient3. border‐image

http://sickdesigner.com/

@font-face

@font-face• Note:

– Actually part of the CSS2.1 specification.

– Therefore, the IEs do support it!

• Browser Support– However, the older IEs require fonts to be in EOT format

– IE9 now supports WOFF!

@font-face bug: IE

@font-face super bullet‐proofing

The problem:@font‐face doesn’t work, even with the proper normal syntax. What gives?

The solution:Separate out the .eot call with a new @font‐face declaration.

@font-face bullet-proofing@font-face { font-family: 'Graublau Web'; src: url('GraublauWeb.eot');}

@font-face { font-family: 'Graublau Web'; src: local('☺'), url('GraublauWeb.woff') format('woff'), url('GraublauWeb.ttf') format('truetype');

}

@font-face bug: Webkit

@font-face bold and italics “bug”

The problem:Applying font-weight:bold or font-style: italic to @font‐face'd text doesn’t work.

The solution:Add the value normal to font weight, style, and variant in the @font‐face declaration to set a baseline.

Get your @font-face + faux variations

Example:@font-face { font-family: 'Graublau Web'; src: url('GraublauWeb.eot'); src: local('☺'), url('GraublauWeb.woff') format('woff'), url('GraublauWeb.ttf') format('truetype');

font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;}

Full solution: @font-face@font-face { font-family: 'Colaborate Light'; src: url('ColabLig.eot');}

@font-face { font-family: 'Colaborate Light'; src: local('☺'), url('ColabLig.woff') format('woff'), url('ColabLig.ttf') format('truetype');

font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;f t i t l

FontSquirrel.com

http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fontface/generator

gradient

http://raymondjay.com/

gradient• Tips & issues

– Different syntax for mozilla and webkit browsers

– Establish fallback background image first in code

• Browser Support– IE and Opera do not support, so will still need a fallback image*

*which may make you think “then why use it at all?”

#mainnav li a {background-color: #f7f6f4; background-image: url(bg_navitems.gif); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(100% 100% 90deg, #ccc9ba, #ffffff);

background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(#ffffff), to(#ccc9ba));

}

gradient

Gradient: Syntax breakdown

gradient: Full solution.gradient {color: #fff;background: #aaaaaa url(gradient_slice.jpg) 0

0 x-repeat; /*background color matches one of the stop colors. The gradient_slice.jpgis 1px wide */

background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #07407c, #aaaaaa);

background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear,lefttop,left bottom,color-stop(0, #07407c),color-stop(1, #aaaaaa));

-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#07407c', EndColorStr='#aaaaaa')";/* IE8+ */

filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#07407c', EndColorStr='#aaaaaa'); /* IE7- */

Colorzilla gradient tool

http://www.colorzilla.com/gradient-editor/

border-image

http://www.zurb.com/playground/awesome-overlays

border-image

div.note div.border {-moz-border-image: url(/playground/awesome-overlays/border-image.png) 5 5 5 5 stretch; -webkit-border-image: url(/playground/awesome-overlays/border-image.png) 5 5 5 5 stretch; border-image: url(/playground/awesome-overlays/border-image.png) 5 5 5 5 stretch; }

Border-image.com

CSS3 for Presentation + UX: Core

1. border‐radius2. box‐shadow3. text‐shadow4. opacity5. rgba color6. multiple background images

border-radius

http://www.denisejacobs.com/cdgexamples/chapter10/

border-radius

• Tips & issues– Different syntax for mozilla, webkit, and opera browsers

• Browser Support– Older IEs do not support, Opera: 10.5 only

border-radius syntax

Syntax comparison breakdown:• ‐moz allows multiple values for each position• ‐webkit individual values• Standard is like mozilla

border-radius

#contentcolumn {-moz-border-radius: 20px 20px 0 0;-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 20px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 20px;border-radius: 20px 20px 0 0;}

Full solution: border-radius#contentcolumn {margin: -40px 3% 0 3%;width: 42%;-moz-border-radius: 20px 20px 0 0;-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 20px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 20px;-moz-box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);-webkit-box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.6); box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);}

Border-radius.com

box-shadow

http://badassideas.com/work/

box-shadow

• Tips & issues– Different syntax for mozilla, webkit, and opera browsers

• Browser Support– IE does not support, Opera only 10.5– However, there is a filter for IE: shadow (actually there are 2: dropshadow as well, but shadow is said to be better)

box-shadow.portfolio {-moz-box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);

-webkit-box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);

box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);}

Full solution: box-shadow.boxshadow {-moz-box-shadow: 3px 3px 10px #333;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 10px #333;box-shadow: 3px 3px 10px #333; /*standard*/

-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=4, Direction=135, Color='#333333')"; /* For IE 8 */

filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=4, Direction=135, Color='#333333'); /* For IE 5.5 - 7 */

}

text-shadow

http://www.bountybev.com/home.html

text-shadow

• Tips & issues– Can help accentuate text and improve readability and visual importance

• Browser Support– IE does not support– However, there is an IE filter: shadow

Full solution: text-shadow.textshadow h2 {text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(48,80,82,0.8);

-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=2, Direction=135, Color='#305052')";

/* For IE 5.5 - 7 */filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=2, Direction=135, Color='#305052');

}

opacity

http://rustinjessen.com/weblog/833

opacity

• Tips & issues– Do not use on elements that would cover important content

• Browser Support– IE does not support– IE filter exists

opacity

#feature-meta {background:none repeat scroll 0 0 #3C4C55;

opacity:0.85;}

Full solution: opacity.opacity {background-color: #3C4C55;color: #fff;opacity: 0.5;-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(opacity=20)";

/* IE8 only */filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(opacity=20);

/* IE6, IE7, and IE8 */filter: alpha(opacity=20);}

Opacity Resources

http://www.delicious.com/denisejacobs/opacity

Lab Time

• Let’s add opacity to our example page.

rgba

http://aarronwalter.com/designer/

rgba• Tips & issues

– More granular control of particular elements than opacity

– Place after regular rgb color property to override in modern browsers; older browsers will ignore it;

• Browser Support– IE does not support– There is an IE filter that will give transparency with a color.

– IE bug: use the property backgroundinstead of background-color for the regular color

Full solution: rgba.rgba {background-color: #ff0000; /* fallback

color in hexidecimal. */background-color: transparent; /*

transparent is key for the filter to work in IE8. best done through conditional comments */

background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.3);-ms-filter:

"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr=#4CFF0000, endColorstr=#4CFF0000)";

/* filter for IE8 */filter:

progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr=#4CFF0000, endColorstr=#4CFF0000);

/* filter for older IEs */}

multiple backgrounds

http://www.stunningcss3.com

multiple backgroundsbody {background-color: #5ABBCF;background: #5ABBCF url(../images/bokeh1.png)

no-repeat; /* fallback image */background: url(../images/bokeh4.png) no-

repeat, url(../images/bokeh3.png) no-repeat 10% 0, url(../images/bokeh2.png) no-repeat 20% 0, url(../images/bokeh1.png) no-repeat, url(../images/glow.png) no-repeat 90% 0, -moz-linear-gradient(0% 90% 90deg,#5ABBCF, #95E0EF);

background: url(../images/bokeh4.png) no-repeat, url(../images/bokeh3.png) no-repeat 10% 0, url(../images/bokeh2.png) no-repeat 20% 0, url(../images/bokeh1.png) no-repeat, url(../images/glow.png) no-repeat 90% 0, -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 90%, from(#95E0EF), to(#5ABBCF));

}

CSS3 for Presentation + UX: Extras

1. transform2. transitions3. animation (the webkits only)

Another Tip

Be subtle – it’s more effective

transform (2d)

http://www.zurb.com/playground/css3-polaroids/

2D Transformations

1. transform• rotate• scale• skew• translate• matrix

transform

• Tips & issues– Mozilla, webkit, and opera vendor prefixes; no standard yet.

• Browser Support– IE does not support, Opera 10.5 only

transform/rotate: Syntax breakdown

The generic syntax for transform is<-prefix->transform: type(<value>) type(<value>) type(<value>) type(<value>);

For rotate specifically, here is the syntax:<-prefix->transform: rotate(<value>)

Positive values will rotate the object clockwise to the right, and negative values will rotate the element counter‐clockwise to the left.

#photos img {-webkit-transform: rotate(-2deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-2deg);-o-transform: rotate(-2deg);}

transform: rotate

Transform: graceful degradation

• Leave images/elements in standard orientation or shape

• There is an IE filter: matrix.

• Extra credit: serve images or image sprites with conditional comments

transform/rotate: full solution.rotate {-moz-transform: rotate(-5deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-5deg);-o-transform: rotate(-5deg); transform: rotate(-5deg); filter:

progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Matrix(sizingMethod='auto expand', M11=0.9961946980917455, M12=0.08715574274765817, M21=-0.08715574274765817, M22=0.9961946980917455);

-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Matrix(M11=0.9961946980917455, M12=0.08715574274765817, M21=-0.08715574274765817, M22=0.9961946980917455, sizingMethod='auto expand')";

zoom: 1;

transform/scale: Syntax breakdownThe generic syntax for transform is<-prefix->transform: type(<value>) type(<value>) type(<value>) type(<value>);

For scale specifically, here is the syntax:<-prefix->transform: scale(<width,height>)

Negative numbers will flip the element.

Example:#scale {transform:scale(1,0.5);}

transform/skew: Syntax breakdown


For skew specifically, here is the syntax:<-prefix->transform: skew(<x-axis,y-axis>)

Example:#skew {transform: skew(35deg);}

transform/translate: Syntax breakdown


For translate specifically, here is the syntax:<-prefix->transform: translate(<x-value, y-value>)

Example:#translate {transform:translate(10px, 20px);}

Transform: multipleYou can apply multiple transform properties to

one element.

Example:.enlargen:hover {-webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(2) rotate(0);

-moz-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(2) rotate(0);

-o-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(2) rotate(0);

transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(2) rotate(0);}

Tools: transform

• http://westciv.com/tools/transforms/index.html

• http://css3generator.com/

• http://css3please.com/

transition

http://designlovr.com/examples/dynamic_stack_of_index_cards/

* 3.6: no, 4.02 yes

transitions

You can create subtle transitions between hover states on elements. The transitions smooth out visual jumps.

transitionExample:#id_of_element {-webkit-transition: all 1s ease-in-out;-moz-transition: all 1s ease-in-out;-o-transition: all 1s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition: all 1s ease-in-out;transition: all 1s ease-in-out;}

animation

http://www.css3exp.com/moon/

animationdiv { animation-name: diagonal-slide; animation-duration: 5s; animation-iteration-count: 10; }

@keyframes diagonal-slide { from { left: 0; top: 0; } to { left: 100px; top: 100px; } }

Closing

Remember

• The CSS3 UX layers are about adding visual and interactive features that do not affect layout or access to content. Don’t exclude users from either.

• CSS3 makes the process a TON easier.

Instead of something like this…

makephotoshopfaster.com

In IE6In modern browsers

You give something like this

gowalla.com

Also remember

• Pay attention to your user demographics. Features for feature’s sake is a waste of energy, time (and money).

Today >> Tomorrow

>>

http://www.flickr.com/photos/trektrack/134157546/http://www.flickr.com/photos/meggers/2378288736/

Not everyone will be able to access your added experience layer from CSS3

http://www.flickr.com/photos/icanchangethisright/3687782204/

And those who do…

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jamiecampbell/446301597/

Will love you for ithttp://www.flickr.com/photos/erikogan/3481255/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/soerenheuer/17879000/

Resources

delicious.com/denisejacobs/css3resources

CSSDetectiveGuide.comtwitter.com/cssdetective

Book Love 1

InterActWithWebStandards.comtwitter.com/waspinteract

Book Love 2

denisejacobs.com

twitter.com/denisejacobs

slideshare.net/denisejacobs

http://www.flickr.com/photos/27620885@N02/2609974180/

css3: are you experienced?

Technology