crown and cork mergercrown cork & seal/carnaudmetalbox merger

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Crown Cork & Seal/ CarnaudMetalbox Presented By- LN Rohit Shankar Satish Sahoo

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Crown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox:A U.S. packaging firm acquires a French packaging firm with the objective of creating the largest global packaging firm in the world.

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Page 1: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Crown Cork &Seal/ CarnaudMetalbox

Presented By-

LNRohit ShankarSatish Sahoo

Page 2: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

US Packaging Industry

US PACKAGING INDUSTRY GROWTH US packaging Industry is maturing and growing at a moderate rate of 2% and 3% annually and

generating overall sales of $66 billion.MARKET SEGMENTATION 39% of the US packaging industry market space is dominated by metal cans, glass containers,

plastic bottles and closure companies, like CCS. Another 39% of the market was dominated by giant integrated paper and forest product

companies. 22% of the packaging industry was dominated by Flexible packaging (where CCS is not a player)INDUSTRY CONSOLIDATION & TRENDS Industry is competitive with various players in the market which is driven by Inorganic growth and

growing by domestic and international consolidation. Cited reasons for consolidations were

1) overcapacity in packaging materials2) Customers reducing their number of suppliers to achieve efficiency.3) Emergence of new packaging material causing product substitution as mature products became

obsolete.

• New product like PET’s trend was increasing from 34% to 40% at the expense of glass but with aluminum price hikes this trend is taking serious inroads.

Page 3: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Europe and Emerging Markets

EUROPE Less mature packaging market growing at an annual growth rate of 5% to 6% .

Consolidation has reduced number of players hence overall market is dominated by only few market players ( CMB, PLM, Pechiney etc).

Consolidation is also adding diversity of the product lines to attract the new customers in the market.

EMERGING MARKETS Packaging companies are working under government protection and state ownership.

Integration of economies in West Europe and privatizations in East Europe and South America were driving Europe and US companied towards Emerging markets.

Per capita Consumption has increased in Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia hence multinationals like Pepsi and Coke are planning to expand their operations.

With smaller demand growth showed by Singapore , Thailand and Vietnam was strongly supported by huge consumption increases (10%-12%) in China and China hence attracting packaging firms towards Asia.

CMB is well positioned in this area and expected to become dominant player in Asian market.

Page 4: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Crown Cork and SealINCEPTION Crown Cork and Seal company was formulated in Aug 1891 and prospered during 1930’s by selling

bottle caps to almost half of the US.

OLD CORPORATE STRATEGY Crown Cork believed in spending less on research and development and discarded inefficient

divisional accounting practices by giving P/L responsibilities to plant managers.

In order to have a stable consumption market CCS strategy was to focus on international growth specially in developing markets and they achieved it by acquiring pioneer rights from various governments.

Crown’s 62 foreign plants generated 44% of sales and 54% of operating profit

Crown’s overseas investment strategy helped CCS to recycle substandard equipments to many other regions of the world.

Crown believed in keeping company less leveraged ,which is reflected in their efforts as they reduced D/V ratio in 1956 from 42% to 4% in 1988.

During Connelly CCS believed in keeping balance sheet clean and pursue acquisition with great caution .

Page 5: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Avery’s Reign in CCS

NEW CORPORATE STRATEGY With declining metal container growth, Avery assessed the opportunity in plastics and

emerging markets and became interested in changing the long existing CCS strategy of over cautious acquisitions.

Avery acquired Continental corporation for $800 mn which added $2 billion in new sales and doubled the size of CCS.

Continental acquisition also gave the momentum to CCS’s much awaited R&D section.

Constar’s acquisition gave CCS a strong foothold in PET plastic containers for food , beverage, household chemical etc.

Acquisition of Tri-Valley Grover’s brought Crown a leading,21%, market share in food can manufacturing .

Page 6: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Why CCS wants the Merger ?

Problems in US- US packaging Industry is considered to be mature and is growing at a moderate rate of

2% and 3% annually. So growth prospect in US is bleak . Tight margin and over capacity problem in US lead to a consolidation in the industry . To

overcome the problem of over capacity CCS was looking for new market to stimulate demand .

Europe and emerging market looked better - But Europe was growing at a faster pace at around 5 to 6 % . Growth prospect in emerging market was still better . CMB was well poised to grow in emerging market and was already the leading player in

Europe .If the merger goes through the combined entity would be the biggest player in the

industry and would be able to benefit from economy of scope and scale .

Crown’s Solid and successful M&A Background :- CCS has been successfully completed many strategic acquisitions in the past-which leads to the higher probability of this merger’s success.

Page 7: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

What is in it for CMB?

If the merger goes through the combined entity would be the biggest player in the industry and would be able to benefit from economy of scope and scale . Also as the

CMB had a higher SG&A as a percentage of sales as compared to CCS . So combined entity have fair chances of benefitting from the merger by reducing operational expenses .

Page 8: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Opportunities in Merger

STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES Minimal Cannibalization:- There was very minimal overlap in the business

regions where both of them are competing, hence less chances of cannibalization. Ex-Vietnam

Complementing each other’s Business:- Most of the regions where both of them are present are actually complementing markets with their products, for Ex- China Crown is in beverage cans and CMB is in food and aerosol cans, in Saudi Crown have cans and CMB has ends etc.

Location Advantage:- Crown has strong presence in US whereas in CMB has greater exposure in European region.

ECONOMICAL OPPORTUNITIES Higher Bargaining Power:- Combined entity will become the largest steel buyer

hence will have higher bargaining power from their raw material supplier. Less Purchasing Benefits:- Due to less overlap of similar products the overall

significant savings produced by merger would be less(approx 1%-2%) Common Suppliers in the same region:- Due to CMB’s low procurement

volumes from Alcan -will preclude combined entity’s overall cost savings.

Page 9: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Challenges in Merger

Political Issue:- France’ labor protectionism policies and strong legal system might inhibit CCS ,after merger, from laying them off as a measure of cost cutting- thus reduces restructuring flexibility

Change in Capital Structure:- Merger might lead CCS’s capital structure(D/V) to very high levels (up to 61%).

Goodwill Accounting Issues:- Amount cannot be deducted for Tax Benefit purposes . Overcapacity in Europe:- Albeit at slower rate but Europe was also gripping with future

overcapacity concerns in Packaging industry.- This would demand CCS to justify the value and need of the merger.

Cultural Heterogeneity:- On contrary to US region, diversified customer base in European region demands different packaging preferences and standards which will lead to higher operating cost.

High Operating costs in Europe:- Doing business was costly which could trim down the desired expected returns.

Concentration Issues:- Smaller markets such as tinplate aerosol cans in Europe can create problems which can create lengthy delays in completion of transaction

Dividend Issue:- Against the CCS’s usual practice French Law favor companies to distribute wealth to shareholders in the form of dividends.

Page 10: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

What should be the price of the Deal(Synergy)?

Valuation Methodologies used for Cross Border AcquisitionsApproach 1

1. Forecast foreign currency cash flows using host country tax rate 2. Estimate foreign currency discount rate using project (target firm)—

specific capital structure and beta. 3. Calculate PV of the free cash flows in foreign currency. 4. Convert to home currency using spot exchange rate.

Approach 2 1. Forecast foreign currency cash flows using host country tax rate 2. Forecast future exchange rates using parity relationships and

convert cash flows to home currency. 3. Estimate home currency discount rate using project-specific capital

structure and beta. 4. Calculate PV in home currency.

Page 11: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Intrinsic Value – Cost of Capital CMB

Cost of Capital CMBFrance

Risk Free rate 5.4%Interest Coverage 3.5Rating A-Spread 1.5%Kd 6.9%Tax rate 33.2%Kd(1-Tax rate) 4.6%Ke 11.9%D/V 27.0%E/V 73.0%WACC 8.7%

Market Risk premium 6.40%

Unlevered Beta 0.8

Levered Beta 1.02

Rf 5.35%

Tax rate 33.30%

D/E 0.428571

Ke 11.9%

Page 12: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Intrinsic Value- CMB

Sales growth rate 5%Terminal Growth rate 3%Cost of Capital 8.70%PV of Future CMB cash flows in Francs 20107.06Cash in Francs 2293.00Enterprise value in Francs 22400.06Book Value of Debt in Francs 5884.00Market Value of Equity in Francs 16516.06No of Shares Outstanding 82.3Intrinsic Share price in Francs 200.68Market Share price in Francs 186.58Spot Exchange rate FF/$ 4.891Intrinsic Share price in USD 41.03

Page 13: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Intrinsic Value – by allocating whole synergy to CMB

Sales growth rate 5%

Terminal Growth rate 3%

Cost of Capital 9.15%

PV of Future CMB cash flows in Francs 25050.90

Cash in Francs 2293.00

Enterprise value in Francs 27343.90

Book Value of Debt in Francs 5884.00

Value of Equity in Francs 21459.90

No of Shares Outstanding 82.30Share price in Francs by allocating complete synergy to CMB in Francs 260.75

Page 14: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Verdict on Price

The deal offered is at 225 francs per share which is overthe intrinsic value(200.6 francs ) and market value(186.58 francs) but is below the 260 francs pershare(maximum) that CCS can afford to pay.

Thus in the current scenario the synergy is beingallocated to both the shareholders of CMB as well as CCSwhich may help in getting the approval of shareholderson both sides for the proposed merger.

The allocation of synergy in this case results in additionof 6.73$ of intrinsic value per share for existing CCSshareholders and CMB shareholders get a premium of12.5% over intrinsic value, 20% over the market price.

Page 15: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Structuring the deal

Assuming a 50% cash, 50% stock deal with CGIP getting only equity considerati

Market price of CCS share in USD 42.75Spot FF/$ 4.891Offerred price in francs for CMB 225Offered price in USD for CMB 46.00Exchange ratio 1.08No of shares outstanding of CMB 82.3No of shares outstanding for CCS 89.36No of shares of CGIP 26.92Newco outstanding shares 133.64%tage ownership of CGIP in CCS after merger 20.15%Cash required for transaction in Francs 9258.75Cash required for transaction in USD 1893.02

Earnings per share will be diluted from 1.47 to 1.42

Page 16: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

How should the Deal be structured ?

The rating must be maintained at BBB and as we are at threshold of interest coverage ratio for a synthetic rating downgrade at 50% cash , hence we cannot borrow a lot more.

Similarly we cannot also afford to give a lot of shares in exchange because it results in excessive dilution for the existing shareholders.

The 50% cash 50% stock deal hence looks viable in this case.

Cash required for 50-50% cash stock deal(USD) 1893Extra cash requirement by increasing cash component without a Credit downgrade USD 485.32Total Cash Component (USD) 2378.32Total Cash Component (Francs) 11632.34No of outstanding shares of CMB 82.3Offered purchase price (Francs) 225Total price paid 18517.5%tage of cash offer(max) 62.82%

Page 17: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

How should the Deal be structured ?

Sales 9980EBITDA 921Amortization of goodwill 153

Interest expense 340.00EBIT 428Income taxes 204EAT 225Minority interests -32NI 193Interest coverage 2.70

Sales 9980.00

EBITDA 921.00Amortization of goodwill 153.00

Interest expense 368.27

EBIT 399.73

Income taxes 204.00

EAT 195.73

Minority interests -32.00

NI 163.73

Interest coverage 2.50

Page 18: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

How to convince your own Shareholder of the Strategic advantage of the Deal?

Dilution of ownership

EPS Dilution

At the current exchange ratio we are still getting the benefit of synergy .

It is a strategic move given the limited growth potential of the US packaging industry .

Page 19: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

How to convince shareholders of CMB(especially CGIP) ?

Pay them a premium over the market value and intrinsic value .

As CGIP would be the single largest share holder of the combined firm it can benefit from the upside of the combined firm .

Page 20: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

How to Deal with the Antitrust Problem?

ANTITRUST EFFECT : In a horizontal merger like this , the acquisition of a competitor (CMB) could increase

market concentration and increase the likelihood of collusion. The elimination of head-to-head competition between two leading firms may result in unilateral anticompetitive effects(price hikes , quality degradation etc)

PROBLEM Concentration issues can arise in smaller markets for Tinplate aerosol cans which can

produce lengthy delays in transactions.

SOLUTION Aerosol not being a key product area ,CCS can afford to divest it to save itself from any

antitrust litigations.

Page 21: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

How to Deal with the Goodwill Problem?

NewCo will not be able to use the Goodwill generated from the merger for any tax deduction purposes.

Goodwill can only be impaired under GAAP standards In future if synergy is not realized then the goodwill might be impaired, which would

destroy value for the organization.

Page 22: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Exchange and Interest rate Risk.

Francs are appreciating with respect to USD from the data in Exhibit 14, also the inflation in France has been lower compared to that of the US , so assuming the trend continues the French operations would be worth more to CCS than currently.

If they try and load debt for the merger, it would result in a possible downgrade of their Credit rating increasing their cost of borrowing.

Page 23: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

What should be the Dividend Policy of the New Company?

Given the minimum growth potential and mature nature of the industry, packaging industry in US should payout the benefits to shareholders in the forms of Dividends .

Also as the new investment opportunities remain less thus it again becomes an incentive for CCS to payout dividends.

By convention in Europe CMB has been paying out dividends so maintain that flow and to keep the largest shareholder, CGIP, of new company happy NewCo should start giving dividends.

Page 24: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Recommendations

Price range should be less than 260 Francs per share

The deal structure should be at max 62% cash

The consequences of concentration risks in the Tinplate aerosol cans division must be properly tackled.

CCS might have to succumb to demand of dividends from the CMB shareholders.

Page 25: Crown And Cork MergerCrown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox Merger

Thank you