cross-scale and scope:

CROSS-SCALE and SCOPE:The future in Space Plasma

PhysicsMatt Taylor

on behalf of Steve Schwartz, Masaki Fujimoto

and the Cross-Scale and SCOPE Teams

The Influence of Solar Variability on Geophysical and Heliospheric Phenomena 2009 ILWS Workshop, Itamambuca Eco Resort, Ubatuba beach, Brazil

http://sci.esa.int/crossscalehttp://www.cross-scale.org

http://sci.esa.int/crossscale

http://sci.esa.int/crossscale

AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

• Motivation• Science Questions• Science Overview

Shocks ReconnectionTurbulenceCoupling

• Cross-Scale• SCOPE• Next Steps

Outline

Plasma Universe

AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

Motivation

3 universal phenomena control plasmas

-Shocks-Reconnection-Turbulence

Responsible for-Particle Acceleration-Energy and momentum exchange-Transport

in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas

AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

Top-level Science Questions‣How do shocks accelerate and heat particles?

- Acceleration mechanisms?- Energy Partition?- Variability?

‣How does reconnection convert magnetic energy?

- Initiation? - Magnetic topology?- Particle acceleration?

‣How does turbulence control transport in plasmas?

- Energy cascade?- Anisotropies?- Coherent structures?

AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

‣How do shocks accelerate and heat particles?






Top-level Science Questions

‣How do shocks accelerate and heat particles?






Top-level Science Questions

AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks

Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks

Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection

Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence

Observational Challenges

‣Time-varying‣Fundamentally 3D‣3 spatial & temporal scales

- electron- ion- fluid

‣Nonlinearly coupled‣Collisionless ⇒ Kinetic‣Plasma ⇔EM fields‣Can’t sample distant astro-plasmas

‣Near Earth space provides an excellent laboratory

A collisionless Shock

Length and Time Scale in Geospace

Example of the various scale lengths and time scales present in the near-Earth environment.

The smallest lengths and shortest timescales correspond to electron dynamics, followed by ion scales to eventually the fluid scales that set the context and driving conditions for the phenomena of interest.

The coupling between the various scales requires measurements at least two scales simultaneously.

State of the ArtCluster

‣First 3D plasma measurements

‣One scale at a time

‣Results highlighted need for multi-scale

‣Success of mission extension also confirming need for multiple scales in 3D

MMS

‣Access to electron scales in 3D‣Only one scale at a time

THEMIS

‣Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere

‣Not universal cross-scale physics

Cluster

‣First 3D plasma measurements

‣One scale at a time

‣Results highlighted need for multi-scale

‣Success of mission extension also confirming need for multiple scales in 3D

MMS

‣Access to electron scales in 3D‣Only one scale at a time

THEMIS

‣Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere

‣Not universal cross-scale physics

State of the Art

RequirementsKey Concepts

• <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <>

• Simultaneous multi-scale

• Fields & particles

• Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratoryMission Design• Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload• Ion Scale: Targeted payload• Fluid Scale Context payload• Focus: coupling between scales

The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence

Requirements

10 km; 10 ms500 km; 1-5 s5000 km; 30 s

Key Concepts

• <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <>

• Simultaneous multi-scale

• Fields & particles

• Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratoryFull Cross-Scale Mission Concept• Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload• Ion Scale: Targeted payload• Fluid Scale Context payload• Focus: coupling between scales

The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence

Missions

Focus: coupling between scales

ESA - Cross-Scale JAXA/CSA - SCOPE

10 km; 10 ms500 km; 1-5 s5000 km; 30 s

Cross-Scale Mission Study•The Cross-Scale mission has been the subject of an assessment study as part of ESA’s Cosmic Vision Plan for the ESA Science Programme•Cross-Scale is an M-Class mission candidate, due for launch in 2017. •The assessment study consisted of two parallel, recently concluded, industrial studies from 2007-2009.•Science input was via a Science Study Team, comprising of a group of international scientists (Europe, Japan, US, Canada) led by Professor Steven J. Schwartz•In parallel to the industrial activities, a number of instrument teams or consortia have been working on the scientific payload elements of the mission

Cross-Scale Mission Study Baseline

• Roughly equatorial (14∘) 10 x 25 RE orbit will enable numerous opportunity to investigate:

• Shocks• Reconnection• Turbulence

• 7 ESA spacecraft, launched on Soyuz-Fregat• Spacecraft will form 2 nested tetrahedra with shared corner to sample 2 scale simultaneously:

• First year of mission•Ion-Electron scales• Second year of mission•Ion-Fluid scales

Cross-Scale Mission Study Baseline

Cross-Scale Mission Study

Two different designs


Option 1: the spacecraft are built around a 1666 mm cylinder. Spacecraft diameter is ~2.5 m, height 50 cm


Option 2: the spacecraft are octagonal prism structures,1.59 m in diameter and 0.98 in height

Electron-scale physics

with the M-ND pair

Larger scale context

Daughter(far) ： 5km 〜5000km

Daughter (far)

Daughter (far)

Daughter (far)

SCOPE

Ultra high-speed

electron measurement

s

Daughter(near) ： 5km 〜 100ｋｍ

Current Status

Passed Mission Design Review in January 2009

System Requirements Review at the end of Phase A will be joint with CSA (in less than 2 years time).

LoI between CSA and JAXA for the joint Phase A and SRR being drafted.

SCOPE

JAXA: Mother, NearDaughter + DispenserCSA: Far Daughter x 3

Dual launch partner?Over 1 tonne spare capacity2~3 s/c of 150kg classOther international partners?US, Russia, China,Taiwan

Launch configuration requires only half of by H-2A capacity

Mother Satelliteφ3.0m×h1.2m ， 6

00kg

SCOPE

Dispenser Module

Daughter Satellite

×4φ1.5m×h0.6m ， 150kg

AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

Cross-Scale – SCOPE

Next Steps-

AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

Location Cross-Scale + SCOPE

AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

Cross-Scale – SCOPE

Thank you for your attention

cross-scale and scope:

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