Cowboys and cattle.

L.O: To know what the cattle industry was and why it developed.

To know what the cattle drive was and what equipment a cowboy needed.

Why did the cattle industry start in the first place?

Why did the cattle

industry start?

Civil warTexas

Spanish imports

The beginnings in Texas

O The Texas Long Horn

By 1865 it was thought there were 5 million cattle in Texas.

But…

Cattle are worthlessUnless they are sold.

So there was a need for a cattle drive..

O These took place in the summer.O Cattle would be driven from Texas at

an average of 24km a day to cow towns were they would be put on sale.

Fill in the GapsO Cattle was ……………. Unless it could be sold.

The only way this could happen was if the cattle were……… to …………in the East. They would then feed the population in the overcrowded………..

O There were a number of problems with the long……….. Cattle could catch Texas………… which was carried on a …….. Also because the drive was so long the cattle lost…………. And condition, meaning they would sell for less.

O Homesteaders would also turn them back because…….

The cowboy. Can you spot the difference?

Cowboys

Can you name allOf the equipment highlighted?Can you explain its use?

Was the life of a cowboy really glamorous?

The life of a cowboys followed the seasons.In winter they hung around the ranch, but there were strict rules (which were usually

broken)Or they took it in turn to work in “line camps”

stopping the cattle drifting onto the open range.

In spring they went “bog riding” to haul out mired cows and went on the “round up”In summer they went on the long drive.

In lots of ways their lives were simliar to NAI’s always on the move and self sufficient.

They were entirely dependant upon the great plains.

They developed their own way of communicating in long range signals.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mRiHXcCZP4

Cowboys’ lives Myth or reality?true False

All cowboys were whiteCowboys worked equally hard all year roundCowboys did not lead glamourous livesCowboys needed to be well educatedSome clothing was worn entirely for showAll cowboys were equalBeing a cowboys meant employment all year roundCowboys faced many dangersCowboys were not afraid of Indians

Cowboys spent much of their time gun fightingCowboys were very similar to Native American IndiansCowboys usually worked together rather than alone.Cowboys worked really long hours on dutyAll cowboys dressed in the same wayThere were very few black cowboys

Real cowboys had to endure lots of hardships:• Freezing winter cold in the line camps

• Danger of being trampled• Danger of drowning

• Extreme weathers, rain, burning sun, hail.• Having to stay awake all night on duty.

• Having to ride “drag” on the ride (all of the dust)

• Attacks from Native American Indians.• Attacks from rustlers.

The Development of Cow towns.Wordwatch: cow town:

The first one of these was developed by Joseph McCoy in Abiliene in 1867. Cowboys would bring

their cattle here for sale to the East.

Abilene:Joseph McCoy brought land.Built stocks to house cattle waiting to be railed to Chicago.He shipped cattle East to be sold and slaughtered.A head of cattle worth $5 in Texas could be sold for 10 x that in Abilene.As the railroad spread west mre cowtowns grew, Dodge City, Newton for example.

Charles GoodnightWhen he came back from the CIVIL war he Knew that his cattle would not be worth much byThe time he had driven then East. So he soldThem to the ARMY! That were in a nearbyFORT.

Who else could he sell cattle to, because theyCould not get out and HUNT? Who else neededFood?

He ended up making lots ofMoney with his business partnerOLIVER LOVING!

Explain the impact that Joseph McCoy had on the cattle industry. (9)

Key words to get into your answer:AbileneChicagoCattle dealerStock pensprofit

Past Paper question.

Remember the secret formula to get 9 out of 9 on this type of question!

How did the Cattle Industry develop?

Factor or individual

Contribution to the cattle industry

Importance 1-10

The railroadsNative American IndiansUS ArmyDemand for beef in the EastCharles GoodnightJohn IlliffJoseph McCoyThe cowboys

In the 1860’s conflict began to develop over the Plains themselves.

He was a failed miner and he had decided that selling cattle was a

better way to make a living.It was him who found out that

cattle could survive on the Plains over winter.

He started buying up sick and footsore cattle and soon had a

herd of 35,000 cattle.This was the start of the RANCH! At this point this was STILL THE

OPEN RANGE

John Illiff: The first rancher!

Iliff comes into conflict with INDIANS!

why?

What happened?

Why had unfenced ranching been so successful?

Write your ideas on a post it note and come and stick it on the board.

Did you come up with?....

The Plains Indians were now confined to reservations.

The buffalo that had previously grazed the grass had been slaughtered.

It was discovered the cold winter killed the Texas Fever tick.

The new railroads were able to take the cattle to the markets in the more populated East

quickly. There were huge slaughter houses in cities like Chicago.

The cattle trade was at its peak between 1867-1885

I asked (sort of) 100 Cattlemen and 100

Cowboys what the main reason for the clashes between them were?

Plains Family Fortunes!

Plains Family Fortunes!

Land

Water

Cattle Rustling (stealing)

Bringing Disease

Damage to crops

the importance of the Johnson County War

O Johnson County – settled by ranchers in 1870s

O Ranchers here very powerful – Cattle Barons

O Homesteaders moving into county caused predictable problems.

O Cattle Barons lost cattle to rustling and blamed Homesteaders.

O 1889 – Land owned by James Averill and Ella Watson wanted by ranchers – arguments ensue.

O 1892 – Barons decide to solve problems for good – Texas gunfighters recruited led by Maj. Frank Walcott and 70 names put on a ‘death list’.

Jim Averill and Ella Watson read pg 69

Well suh, I really hate these Homesteaders because………….

Gee, I hate these dog-gone Cattlemen. Here’s why…………

Divide your page into 2, as shown below. Insert the reasons that the Cattlemen and the Homesteaders hated each other. Use page 68 and 69 and remember to include examples.

• Understand the importance of the Johnson County War p.69-70

Plan – The Wyoming Stock Growers Association hired about 50 gunmen, called the Regulators, to shoot down the troublemakers. In response, the small ranch owners established the rival Northern Wyoming Farmers and Stock Growers Association.

The ‘Regulators’ Cut telegraph wires to stop messages.

Stopped on the way to attack the KC Ranch – here they took all day to defeat Nate Champion and Nick Ray (the only two people to die)

While fighting at KC they were spotted – when they arrived in Buffalo the residents were ready and the ‘Regulators’ retreated and were rescued by the cavalry.

Cattle Barons were never convicted but lost power and Homesteaders and Ranchers live much more peacefully.

TasksThe Johnson County War

O 1.  What happened to Ella Watson and James Averill and why?

 O 2.  In your exam you will need to provide as much

information as you can in as little time as possible. To prepare for this you must tell the story of the events of 1892 in as much detail as possible but you must use exactly 50 words.

O 3. Why was the Johnson County War a turning point in the relations between Cattlemen and Homesteaders?

12

3456

789

10

Tension

Year

Tensions and Turning PointsCan you put the correct events in the correct stars to chart the

relationship between Cattlemen and Homesteaders?

1866 1870 18861874 1892 19001862

Can anyone add any more events?

the reasons for tension between Cattlemen and Homesteaders

O From 1866 when cattlemen began to ranch on the plains tension between the cattlemen and Homesteaders grew. In Johnson County the cattlemen had been there first and were richer than the homesteaders.

O Cattle ranchers wanted the plains to be ‘open’ to allow cattle to graze and access water freely.

O The Homesteaders were worried about the ‘Texas fever’ of the cattle infecting their animals and the cattle trampling their crops so they wanted to fence off their land. This annoyed the ranchers, especially if the fence was around a waterhole.

Tensions RiseO 1874 – Barbed wire meant land could be closed off

far easier. O Small ranches fought back against this by fence

cutting.

O As years progressed more and more people moving onto the plains – arguments over land increasing and tensions rise.

O Problems in ranching didn’t help tension –1883/1886-7