COUPLED GROUND COUPLED GROUND WATER WATER -- SURFACE SURFACE WATER MODELINGWATER MODELING

George Leavesley1, Steve Markstrom1, Rich Niswonger2, Dave Prudic2,

Steve Regan1, and Roland Viger1

1USGS, Denver, CO 2USGS, Carson City, NV

Ground Water - Surface Water Coupling

MODFLOW

PRMS

DAFLOW

{

{

Unsaturated Zone Model

PRMS

GSFLOW

MODFLOW

Unsaturated Zone {

GroundGround--Water / SurfaceWater / Surface--Water Water Flow (GSFLOW) ModelFlow (GSFLOW) Model

Streamflow

Unsaturated Zone Model

DEM/BranchDEM/Branch

HRU/Stream SegmentsHRU/Stream Segments

HRU/GW CellsHRU/GW Cells

HRU/GW CellsHRU/GW Cells

Evapotranspiration(Recharge zone)

Transpiration(Lower zone)

Excess Zone(Old PRMS SSR)

Unsaturated Zone(UZF vertical flow)

Saturated Zone(Horizontal and vertical flow)

PRMSSoilZone

(HRU)

MODFLOW(cell)

Wilting Point

Field Capacity

Saturation of Root Zone

Water Table

Exfiltration

ET Replenishment

Soil to EZ

Recharge Interflow

Excess

Stream Segments/GW CellsStream Segments/GW Cells

Branch/GW CellsBranch/GW Cells

Nodes to GW CellsNodes to GW Cells

HRU/Stream SegmentsHRU/Stream Segments

Sagehen CreekSagehen Creek

Area = 27 km2

Elevation = 1930 to 2540 m

GSFLOW ResultsGSFLOW Results

1

2

4

3

GSFLOW ResultsGSFLOW Results

Site 2GW HeadStream Stage

Site 1GW HeadStream Stage

GSFLOW ResultsGSFLOW Results

GW Head Site 4Stream Stage

Stream Stage GW Head Site 3

GSFLOW ResultsGSFLOW Results

Observed & Predicted Streamflow

Site 1

GSFLOW is distributed in

The Modular Modeling System (MMS): A Toolbox for Water- and

Environmental Resources Management

MODEL BUILDING TOOL - XMBUILD

GSFLOWGSFLOW

GIS WEASELDelineation:•Only requires elevation Grid as input

•Interactively delineate •Area of Interest•Many kinds of features

•Streams•Elevation bands•Landuse•Contributing areas•Topographic index•……

DIGITAL DATABASESDIGITAL DATABASESSTATSGO Soils (USDA)

Satellite SW Radiation (U Md)

Monthly PET

Vegetation Type (USFS)

Vegetation Density (USFS)

Land Use-Land Cover (USGS)

AUTOMATED PARAMETER ESTIMATION USING THE GIS WEASEL

GIS WEASELParameterization:•200+ methods available•Easily add custom methods

•Configure recipes•Apply to feature maps

•Exploit many types of data•Produce maps and ASCII

files of parameters

Forecast MethodologiesForecast Methodologies- Historic data as analog for the future

Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP)

-Synthetic time-series Weather Generator

- Atmospheric model outputDynamical Downscaling

Statistical Downscaling

SocioSocio--Economic FactorsEconomic Factors(University of New Mexico, Desert Research (University of New Mexico, Desert Research

Institute, University of Arizona)Institute, University of Arizona)

Population and Demand ForecastsWater Markets– (change in ownership in perpetuity)

Water Banking– (lease options over some period of time)

Issue: The better the prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of water, the better the markets can perform.

OBJECT USER INTEFACE (OUI)

Database-Centered Decision Support System

ResourceDatabase

Resource Management Alternatives

SIMPPLLEVegetation Dynamics Models

Object User InterfaceInterface for data visualization

and modeling

Modular Modeling System

Physical Process Models

DMI

DMI

DMI

DMI

DMI

GSFLOW Test SitesGSFLOW Test Sites

• Sagehen Creek, California• Spring Creek, Pennsylvania• Trout Creek, Wisconsin• Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico• Esperstedter Ried, Thueringen,

Germany

Spring Creek Basin, PA Spring Creek Basin, PA GSFLOW ModelGSFLOW Model

GSFLOWGSFLOWCapabilitiesCapabilities

1. Any PRMS climate distribution modules2. Any PRMS ET modules3. MODFLOW lake package4. MODFLOW well package5. MODFLOW boundary conditions6. MODFLOW transport

GSFLOWGSFLOWFuture EnhancementsFuture Enhancements

•Unsaturated zone vertical and lateral flow•Calibration and uncertainty tools•2D (or 3D) hydraulic routing •MODFLOW / SWAT integration in MMS•Temperature / Chemistry / Transport•Economics: water banking and water trading•Add ecosystems modules•Expanded user interface and scenario generation GUI

Integrated Modeling and Decision-Support Systems

•Facilitates multi-disciplinary integration of models and tools to address the issues of water and environmental-resource management.

•Allows rapid evaluation of the effects of decision and management scenarios.

•Allows incorporation of continuing advances in physical, social, and economic sciences.

•Provides an effective means for sharing scientific understanding with stakeholders and decision makers.

SUMMARYSUMMARYToolbox approach to model and system developmentSupports multi-disciplinary model integration for decision support systemsOpen source software design allows many to share resources, expertise, knowledge, and costsFlexible framework approach enables the incorporation of continuing advances in science, databases, and computer technology

MORE INFORMATIONMORE INFORMATION

http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/mms

http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/weasel

Model Parameter Estimation Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX)Experiment (MOPEX)

Location of MOPEX Basins Location of MOPEX Basins –– Workshop IWorkshop I

-1 0 0 -9 5 -9 0 -8 5 -8 0 -7 52 8

3 0

3 2

3 4

3 6

3 8

4 0

4 2L o c a tio n o f 1 2 B a s in s fo r 2 n d M O P E X w o rk s h o p in T u c s o n

438 U.S. Basins 438 U.S. Basins Meet Criteria for MOPEX Basin Meet Criteria for MOPEX Basin

SelectionSelectionCriteria: Number of Precipitation Gages > 0.6 * Area**0.3

100

101

102

103

104

105

10-1

100

101

102

Basin Area (km2)

Gage Density(km2/gage)

Gage Density vs Basin Size Location of basins with Adequate gage density