cosmetic

Cosmetics are substances used to enhance or protect the appearance of the body. Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup, etc..

Cosmetic is the adjective of cosmetics

Cosmetics

Surgery

The practice of performing medical operation.

The cutting of the body in order to set right or remove the diseased part.

Cosmetic Surgery

Cosmetic surgery is a specialty that uses surgical techniques to change the appearance and function of a person's body.

Cosmetic surgery is also known as plastic surgery. The word "plastic" derives from the Greek plastikos meaning to mold or to shape; its use here is not connected with the synthetic polymer material.

rhinoplasty

liposuction

Facelift

Permanent makeup

Permanent makeup is a cosmetic technique which use tattooing as a means of producing designs that resemble makeup, such as eyelining and other permanent enhancing colors to the skin of the face, lips and eyelids.

Words to Learn

1. cosmetic surgery

2. plastic surgery

3. dressmaker

4. corset

5. slim/ slimmer

6. makeup

7. arsenic

8. permanent

9. show business

10. application

11. rhinoplasty

12. liposuction

13. facelift

14. clue

15. kimono

Vocabulary for Comprehension

1. Permanent

2. Popular

3. Modern

4. Traditional

5. Slim

6. Height

7. Weight

Vocabulary for Comprehension

8. Admire

9. Desire

10. Attractive

11. Appearance

12. Ideal

The clues changing / permanent popular / out of style modern / traditional/ kimonos tall/ slim height/ weight admire/ wish to look more like them desire/ want look their best/ attractive appearance/ look like

Useful expression on Page 137

Fashion is never permanent. Fashion is not permanent at all. Fashion is only temporary.

There are no people live there for permanent. （ ×）

There are no people living there permanently.

Adjective and Noun Clauses

A style that is popular one year is out of style the next.

These models show that height and weight are an important part of fashion.

More Examples

There will always be people who follow the latest styles because they want to look their best and be more attractive.

‘That’ can substitute for ‘who’.

More Examples

These people think that their appearance is very important.

The Search for Beauty

Cosmetic surgery, also known as “plastic” surgery, is the science of changing the way a person looks by reshaping a part of the body.

Cosmetic surgery, which is also known as “plastic” surgery, is the science of changing the way that a person looks by reshaping a part of the body.

Reading for Main Ideas, p. 140

a) 2

b) 8

c) 3, 6

d) 7

e) 5

f) 8

Reading for Details, p. 140

1. T

2. F: During the time of the French Revolution, women wanted to have smaller waists.

3. T

4. T

5. T

6. F: Liposuction is often used to remove body fat.

Con’t

7. F: Cosmetic surgery has been used for centuries in China and India.

8. T

9. F: Some women tried to reshape their mouths by repeating words that started with the letters ‘p’.

10. T

11. F: Cosmetic surgery is expensive for the average person

Reacting to the Reading, p 141

1. 1800s: American women admired French fashions because they made women look attractive.

2. 1890s: People who rode bicycles wanted to look and feel better.

3. 1990s: Men who lose their hair can have it replaced.

4. 2025: Cosmetic surgery will be safer, faster, and less expensive.

Used to

American women in New York used to admire the fashions of Paris.

American dressmakers used to change their names to French ones.

Men used to admire women with small waists.

Adjective Clause and appositive

Many women used to wear corsets, belts that made their waists appear much slimmer.

Adjective Clause and Transitional word

Men or women who want to change their body shapes doesn’t need to wear uncomfortable clothing. Instead, they can choose cosmetic surgery to reshape their body or to remove body fat.

Transitional word “thus”

In England in the 1500s, makeup became an important part of beauty. Thus, some women used to paint their faces white.

The use of “Make”

By the 1860s, American women started using makeup to make themselves more attractive.

People would like to receive plastic surgery to make themselves look more attractive.

The relative pronoun is omitted

When bicycle riding became popular, they began to wear shorter skirts instead of the traditional long, full ones (which/ that) they used to wear.

When the relative pronoun is used as an object in a sentence, it can be omitted.

The complex and compound sentence

In the past, American women used to spend weeks repeating words that started with letter “p” because they wanted to change the shape of their mouths.

Find the definition through appositive

Rhinoplasty, the reshaping of the nose, can greatly improve a person’s appearance.

People who cannot lose weight in certain areas of their bodies through diet and exercise can use liposuction, the surgical removal of body fat, to make their bodies slimmer.