correspondence table

ANLAYO & BUCKNELL: Correspondence Table for Parallels

215

Correspondence Table for Parallelsto the Discourses of Majjhima Nikya:

Toward a Revision ofAkanumas Comparative Catalogue

ANLAYO &Roderick S BUCKNELL

RationaleThe Comparative Catalogue of Chinese gamas & Pli Nikyas, compiled by Chizen Akanuma and published in 1929, has long been an indispensable tool for researchers wishing to identify the Chinese parallels or counter-parts to the discourses found in the four main Pli Nikyas. After three-quarters of a century, Akanumas pioneering reference work remains the only comprehensive guide available.

Despite its undeniable value, Akanumas Comparative Catalogue is in need of checking and revision.1 A signicant number of the Pli-Chinese and Chinese-Pli correspondences prove, on close inspection, to be inaccurate or incomplete, and the corpus of cited Sanskrit and Tibetan parallels is now long out of date. The present article takes a small step toward rectifying these shortcomings. In it we offer a revision of the Majjhima Nikya section of the Comparative Catalogue based on extensive checking and updating. The outcome is presented in the form of a revised correspondence table. This table is an interim report on our ongoing research in this area. The search for parallels will perhaps never come to a denite conclusion, but as far as the Majjhima Nikya is concerned, we believe that we have made sufcient new nds to warrant publication.2

Checking and Identication of Parallels In updating Akanumas information on correspondences to Maj-

jhima Nikya discourses, we have focussed on Chinese stra and Vinaya material, published Sanskrit3 stra fragments, and Tibetan translations.4 Quotations in Abhidharma and commentarial works are, for the time

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being, not taken into account,5 nor do we cover fragments that contain only a few words, or sections of text amounting to no more than a single verse.

As regards the Pli-Chinese correspondences, our revision of Akanumas table is based on examination of the discourses in question, together with consultation of available publications that present relevant comparative data.6 Checking of Akanumas entries for the 152 Majjhima Nikya discourses revealed that a considerable number of them needed revision. The problems identied and the means for resolving them can be illustrated with the example of MN 118, the Pli npnasati-sutta.

According to Akanuma (p. 169), MN 118 has a parallel in an in-dividual discourse numbered T 96 in the Taish edition.7 Examination reveals, however, that T 96 bears no resemblance to MN 118, apart from a single introductory sentence that links mindfulness of breathing to the attainment of knowledge and liberation.8 Akanuma was not the originator of this error. His entry for MN 118 reproduces the annotation attached to T 96 by the compilers of the Taish edition in 1924;9 and that, in turn, merely restates the correspondence for MN 118 proposed originally by Anesaki in 1908.10

Yin Shun instead relates MN 118 to S 810 and S 815.11 Check-ing this proposal reveals that S 815 is indeed a parallel to MN 118, hav-ing a very similar introductory narration. Part of the text of S 815 is elided with nai zhi (equivalent to Pli pe), and can be supplemented from the relevant sections of S 810 and S 803.12 The overall conclusion is summarised in our revised table by showing S 815 as the full parallel to MN 118, and S 803 and S 810 as partial parallels, these two dis-courses being proper parallels to other Pli discourses in the Sayutta Nikya.13

A simple distinction between two types of parallels was used by Akanuma and we have adopted it here, while recognising the desirability of rening it in the future.14 Full parallels may differ to a certain extent, yet they are similar enough to make it possible that they stem from a com-mon ancestor.15 Partial parallels differ from full parallels in displaying markedly incomplete agreement. Usually, a partial parallel has only a part of its content in common with the other discourse. Drawing the line be-tween full parallel and partial parallel involves some degree of subjectiv-


217


217

ity. The distinction, indicated in the table by labelling partial parallels with an asterisk, is therefore meant to provide helpful guidance rather than the nal word on the relationship between two discourses.

Referencing and Table LayoutOur correspondence table shows all the known parallels, both full

and partial, for each Majjhima Nikya discourse. Six discourses (MN 48, 53, 71, 103, 110, 111) do not appear in the table because they have no known parallels in Chinese, Sanskrit, or Tibetan, or elsewhere in the Pli canon.16

The information relating to each Majjhima Nikya discourse is set out in ve columns: columns 1 and 2 refer to the Pli discourse itself and to its location in the PTS edition; columns 3, 4, and 5 refer to its counterparts in Chinese, Pli, Sanskrit, Tibetan, and/or other languages.

Column 3 shows the languages in which known parallels exist, listed in alphabetical order. For each language full parallels are listed be-fore partial parallels (marked with an asterisk), and in each of these cate-gories the entries are listed in numerical order of their location (given in column 5). Parallels printed in italics are new additions, not recognised in Akanumas Comparative Catalogue.

For Chinese discourses the notation follows either of two formats: (a) If the discourse exists outside of the gama collections, it is identi-ed by T followed by its serial number within the entire Taish Tripiaka. (b) If the discourse is contained within one of the gama collections, it is identied by the two-letter code for that gama followed by its serial number within the gama.

For Sanskrit fragments, signalled in column 4 by frgm, the loca-tions are listed in column 5 in alphabetical-numerical order, with the full publication details provided in the Bibliography. More substantial pieces of Sanskrit material found in works such as the Mahvastu are signalled as such (e.g., Mvu in column 4).

Tibetan materials are referenced to the Derge and Peking editions, or to critical editions if available.

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Abbreviations

AN Aguttara NikyaAp ApadnaAv AvadnaatakaChin ChineseD Drgha gama: T 1, vol. I 1-149D Derge editionDivy DivyvadnaDN Dgha NikyaE Ekottarika gama: T 125, vol. II 549-830frgm fragmentJ JtakaKhot KhotaneseLal LalitavistaraM Madhyama gama: T 26, vol. I 421-809MN Majjhima NikyaMvu MahvastuPcit PcittiyaQ Peking editionS Sayukta gama: T 99, vol. II 1-373S 2nd (partial) Sayukta gama: T 100, vol. II 374-492Sanghabh SaghabhedavastuSHT Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden17 Skt Sanskrit SN Sayutta NikyaSn Sutta NiptaT Taish Shinsh Daizky [Chinese Tripiaka, 1924-]Uigh UighurVin Vinaya


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219

Correspondence Table

Pli Majjhima Nikya

Parallels in Chinese, Pli, Sanskrit, Tibetan, etc.

Sutta

number

Volume

and page

Lang-

uage

Discourse

number

Volume

and page

MN 1 MN I 1

Chin

Chin*

Chin*

E 44.6

M 106 18

T 56

T II 766a

T I 596b

T I 851a

MN 2 MN I 6

Chin

Chin

Chin

Pli*

Tib

M 10

T 31

E 40.6

AN 6.58

D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 431c

T I 813a

T II 740a

AN III 387

mon: ju 91b / tu 104b

MN 3 MN I 12Chin

Chin

M 88

E 18.3

T I 569c

T II 587c

MN 4 MN I 16

ChinSkt*Skt*Skt*Skt*

E 31.1frgmfrgmfrgmfrgm

T II 665bSHT I 164c+g SHT IV 32.33-41 SHT IV 165.15-16, 500.4SHT IX 2401

MN 5 MN I 24ChinChinChin

M 87T 49E 25.6

T I 566aT I 839aT II 632a

MN 6 MN I 33ChinPli

M 105AN 10.71

T I 595cAN V 131

MN 7 MN I 36

Chin

Chin

Chin

Chin*

Chin*

M 93

T 51

E 13.5

S 1185

S 98

T I 575a

T I 843c

T II 573c

T II 321a

T II 408b

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MN 8 MN I 40 Chin M 91 T I 573b

MN 9 MN I 46ChinChinSkt

M 29 19 S 344frgm

T I 461bT II 94bTriph 1962: 187

MN 10 MN I 55

ChinChinPliPli*Skt* Skt* Skt* Skt*

M 98E 12.1DN 22MN 119frgm 20frgmfrgmfrgm

T I 582bT II 568aDN II 290MN III 89SHT I 614, SHT III 862,SHT V 1180 A1,SHT IV 3039

MN 11 MN I 63 ChinChinM 103E 27.2

T I 590bT II 643c

MN 12 MN I 68

ChinChin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Pli*Pli*Pli*Pli*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*

T 757S 612 21

S 684S 701E 27.6E 31.8E 46.4E 50.6T 13 T 780T 781T 802SN 52.15-24AN 4.8AN 6.64AN 10.21frgm frgmfrgmfrgmfrgm frgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgm

T XVII 591cT II 171cT II 186bT II 189aT II 583bT II 670cT II 776bT II 811aT I 241bT XVII 717c T XVII 718cT XVII 747aSN V 304AN II 8AN III 417AN V 32Hartmann 1991: 236Lvi 1910: 443Poussin 1911: 1063Sander 1987: (181), 185SHT IV 32.41-57, 500.5SHT V 1102SHT VI 1543, 1564SHT IV 2018, 2066, 2162Waldschmidt 1932: 209Waldschmidt 1958: 384


221


221

MN 13 MN I 83

Chin

Chin

Chin

M 99 22

T 53

E 21.9

T I 584c

T I 846c

T II 604c

MN 14 MN I 91

Chin

Chin

Chin

Chin*

M 100

T 54

T 55

E 41.1 23

T I 586b

T I 848b

T I 849b

T II 744a

MN 15 MN I 95Chin

Chin

M 89

T 50

T I 571c

T I 842b

MN 16 MN I 101

Chin

Chin

Pli

Pli*

Pli*

M 206

E 51.4

AN 10.14

AN 5.205-206

AN 9.71-72

T I 780b

T II 817a

AN V 17

AN III 248

AN IV 460

MN 17 MN I 104

Chin

Chin*

Skt*

M 107-108

E 45.3

frgm

T I 596c

T II 771c

SHT VI 1304

MN 18 MN I 108ChinChin

M 115E 40.10

T I 603bT II 743a

MN 19 MN I 114 Chin M 102 T I 589a

MN 20 MN I 118 Chin M 101 T I 588a

MN 21 MN I 122ChinChin*

M 193E 50.8 24

T I 744aT II 812c

MN 22 MN I 130

Chin

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Pli*

Tib*

M 200

E 43.5

E 50.8 25

T 1421

T 1425

T 1428

T 1435

T 1442

Pcit 68

D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 763b

T II 759c

T II 812c

T XXII 56c

T XXII 367a

T XXII 682a

T XXIII 106a

T XXIII 840b

Vin IV 133

mon: u 74b / thu 119b

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MN 23 MN I 142

Chin ChinChinChin

T 95S 1079S 18E 39.9

T I 918bT II 282aT II 379cT II 733b

MN 24 MN I 145

Chin

Chin

Skt*

Skt*

M 9

E 39.10

frgm

frgm

T I 429c

T II 733c

SHT II 163b-d

SHT VI 1329

MN 25 MN I 151 Chin M 178 T I 718b

MN 26 MN I 160

Chin

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Chin*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

M 204

E 19.1

E 24.5

T 765 26

T 1421

T 1428

T 1450

Sanghabh

Lal 27

Mvu

frgm

frgm

frgm

T I 775c

T II 593a

T II 618a

T XVII 679b

T XXII 101

T XXII 779

T XXIV 126

Gnoli 1977: 128

Lefmann 1902: 238

Senart 1890: 118

SHT V 1332, 1714

SHT VI 1493

Waldschmidt 1957: 108

MN 27 MN I 175 Chin M 146 T I 656a

MN 28 MN I 184 Chin M 30 T I 464b

MN 29 MN I 192 Chin E 43.4 T II 759a

MN 30 MN I 198 Chin* E 43.4 28 T II 759a

MN 31 MN I 205Chin

Chin*

M 185 29

E 24.8

T I 729b

T II 626b

MN 32 MN I 212

Chin

Chin

Chin

Skt*

M 184 30

E 37.3

T 154.16

frgm

T I 726c

T II 710c

T III 80c

SHT V 1346


223


223

MN 33 MN I 220

Chin

Chin

Chin

Chin

Pli

S 1249

T 123

E 49.1

T 1509

AN 11.18

T II 342c

T II 546a

T II 794a

T XXV 74a

AN V 347

MN 34 MN I 225

Chin

Chin

Skt*

S 1248

E 43.6

frgm

T II 342a

T II 761b

SHT VI 1381

MN 35 MN I 227

Chin

Chin

Skt*

S 110

E 37.10

frgm

T II 35a

T II 715a

SHT III 997A

MN 36 MN I 237

Chin*

Chin*

Pli*

Pli*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

Skt*

E 31.8

T 757

MN 85

MN 100

frgm 31

frgm

Sanghabh

Lal 32

Mvu

frgm

frgm

T II 670c

T XVII 598a-599c

MN II 93

MN II 212

Bongard-Levin 1989: 509

Hartmann 1991: 262

Gnoli 1977: 100

Lefmann 1902: 246

Senart 1890: 121

SHT III 931, 997A

Wille 2006: 72


S 505E 19.3

T II 133bT II 593c

MN 38 MN I 256

Chin

Chin*

Skt*

M 201

E 21.3

frgm

T I 766b

T II 602c

SHT V 1114, 1166

MN 39 MN I 271

ChinChinSkt*Skt*

M 182E 49.8frgmfrgm

T I 724cT II 801cSHT I 562SHT VI 1392

MN 40 MN I 281 Chin M 183 T I 725c

MN 41 MN I 285ChinPli

S 1042MN 42

T II 272cMN I 290

MN 42 MN I 290Chin

Pli

S 1043

MN 41

T II 273a

MN I 285

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MN 43 MN I 292ChinTib*

M 211 33

D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 790bmon: u 81a / thu 127a 34


M 210D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 788amon: ju 6b / tu 7a

MN 45 MN I 305 Chin M 174 T I 711b


M 175T 83

T I 712cT I 902b

MN 47 MN I 317 Chin M 186 T I 731a


M 78D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 547amon: ju 188b / tu 215b

MN 50 MN I 332

ChinChinChinSkt*Skt*

M 131T 66T 67frgmfrgm

T I 620bT I 864bT I 867aSHT IV 412.8-11 35

SHT V 1070, 1424

MN 51 MN I 339

Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*

frgmfrgmfrgmfrgm

SHT I 422SHT III 879, 996SHT IV 165.27SHT V 1153, 1359

MN 52 MN I 349ChinChinPli

M 217T 92AN 11.17

T I 802aT I 916aAN V 342

MN 54 MN I 359ChinSkt*Skt*

M 203frgmfrgm

T I 773aSHT V 1332SHT VI 1493

MN 55 MN I 368 Skt* frgm 36 SHT VI 1525V1-R1

MN 56 MN I 371

ChinSkt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Tib*

M 133frgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgmD 4094 / Q 5595

T I 628aHoernle 1916: 28Lvi 1925: 27Nakatani 1986: 313SHT III 804, 872, 1007SHT IV 412.17-21 37

SHT VI 1291,1302,1522SHT VIII 1802, 1913SHT IX 2047, 2932Wille 2006: 71mon: ju 246a / tu 281a

MN 57 MN I 387 Chin* T 1536 38 T XXVI 396a


225


225

MN 58 MN I 392Chin*Chin*

T 1509 39

T 1521T XXV 321b T XXVI 79b

MN 59 MN I 396

ChinPliSkt*Skt*

S 485SN 36.19frgmfrgm

T II 123cSN IV 223SHT II 51aSHT VIII 1863

MN 60 MN I 400

Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*

frgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgm

Hartmann 1991: 63SHT III 966 SHT IV 165.32, 165.37SHT VI 1261, 1579Wille 2006: 79

MN 61 MN I 414

ChinChinChinChinChin*Chin*Skt*Tib

M 14T 211T 212T 1442T 1509T 1813frgmD 3 / Q 1032

T I 436aT IV 600aT IV 688aT XXIII 760bT XXV 158a T XXXX 623bSHT V 1117dul ba: cha215a / je199b

MN 62 MN I 420 Chin E 17.1 T II 581c

MN 63 MN I 426ChinChinChin

M 221T 94T 1509

T I 804aT I 917bT XXV 170a

MN 64 MN I 432

ChinSkt*Skt*Tib*

M 205frgmfrgmD 4094 / Q 5595

T I 778cSHT V 1279 SHT IX 2155mon: ju 259b / thu 1a

MN 65 MN I 437

ChinChin*Chin*Skt*

M 194E 49.7 T 1425frgm

T I 746bT II 800bT XXII 359bSHT II 559

MN 66 MN I 447

ChinChin*Chin*Chin*

M 192E 49.7 40

T 1421T 1428

T I 740cT II 800cT XXII 54aT XXII 662b

MN 67 MN I 456ChinChinPli*

E 45.2T 137AN 4.122

T II 770cT II 860aAN II 123

MN 68 MN I 462 Chin M 77 T I 544b

MN 69 MN I 469 Chin M 26 T I 454c

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MN 70 MN I 473 Chin M 195 T I 749c

MN 72 MN I 483ChinChinTib

S 962S 196D 4094 / Q 5595

T II 245bT II 444cmon: ju 156b / tu 181a


S 964S 198

T II 246bT II 446a

MN 74 MN I 497

ChinChinChinChinSktSkt*Tib

S 969S 203T 1509T 1545Av 99 41

frgmedition 42

T II 249aT II 449aT XXV 61b + 254bT XXVII 509bSpeyer 1909: 186 Pischel 1904: 814 Eimer 1983: 96

MN 75 MN I 501 Chin M 153 T I 670a

MN 76 MN I 513Skt*Skt*

frgm 43

frgmSHT III 886, 942 Wille 2006: 83

MN 77 MN II 1 Chin M 207 T I 781b

MN 78 MN II 22 Chin M 179 T I 720a

MN 79 MN II 29 Chin M 208 T I 783c

MN 80 MN II 40ChinChin

M 209T 90

T I 786bT I 913c

MN 81 MN II 45

ChinChinSktSktTib

M 63T 197.10SanghabhMvuD 1 / Q 1030

T I 499aT IV 172cGnoli 1978: 22Senart 1882: 317dul ba: ga 4a / e 3b

MN 82 MN II 54

ChinChinChinChin*Chin*Chin*Pli*SktSkt Skt*Skt*Skt*Tib

M 132T 68T 69T 199T 200T 1507Ap 18frgmAv 90 44

frgmfrgmfrgmD 1 / Q 1030

T I 623aT I 868cT I 872aT IV 196bT IV 249bT XXV 42bAp I 63SHT IV 412.12-16 45

Speyer 1909: 118SHT III 804SHT V 1896SHT VI 1423dul ba: kha 101a / ge 93b


227


227

MN 83 MN II 74

ChinChinChinChinChinChin*PliPliTibTib*

M 67E 50.4T 152.87T 211.38E 1T 744 J 9J 541D 1 / Q 1030 46

D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 511cT II 806cT III 48bT IV 606bT II 549b T XXVII 553b J I 137J VI 95dul ba: kha 53a / ge 49amon: ju 76b / tu 86a

MN 84 MN II 83 Chin S 548 T II 142a

MN 85 MN II 91

ChinPli*Pli*Pli*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*

T 1421MN 36MN 100Cavaggafrgmfrgmfrgm frgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgm

T XXII 74bMN I 237 MN II 212Vin II 127Bongard-Levin 1989: 509Hartmann 1991: 77Hartmann 2004: 129SHT III 997 B SHT IV 33.17-28+35SHT IV 165.20-24SHT IV 180.1-2SHT VI 1361, 1373aSHT IX 2063d

MN 86 MN II 97

ChinChinChinChinChinChin*ChinSkt*Skt*Skt*Tib*

S 1077 47

S 16T 118T 119E 38.6T 202T 212frgmfrgmfrgmedition

T II 280cT II 378bT II 508bT II 510bT II 719bT IV 423bT IV 703aHartmann 1998: 358SHT I 160c 48

SHT VI 1561Schmidt 1843: 239

MN 87 MN II 106

ChinChinChinChin

M 216T 91E 13.3T 154.15

T I 800cT I 915aT II 571bT III 80c


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MN 89 MN II 118

ChinChinChinPliTib

M 213 49

E 38.10T 1451AN 10.30D 6 / Q 1035

T I 795bT II 724bT XXIV 237aAN V 65dul ba: tha 82a / de 79a

MN 90 MN II 125ChinTib

M 212D 1 / Q 1030

T I 792cdul ba: kha 86a / ge 79b

MN 91 MN II 133ChinChinSkt*

M 161T 76frgm

T I 685aT I 883bSHT V 1148

MN 92 MN II 146

ChinChinPliSkt*

E 49.6T 1428Sn 3.7frgm

T II 798aT XXII 873a25Sn p. 102Dutt 1984a: 262


M 151T 71E 40.9

T I 663bT I 876bT II 742b

MN 94 MN II 157 Skt* frgm 50 SHT V 1476

MN 95 MN II 164

Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*

frgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgmfrgm

Brekke 2000: 55Hartmann 1991: 91Hartmann 2002: 3SHT III 883SHT IV 165.29-31SHT V 1025 A


MN 97 MN II 184 Chin M 27 T I 456a

MN 98 MN II 196 Pli Sn 3.9 Sn p. 115

MN 99 MN II 196 Chin M 152 51 T I 666c

MN 100 MN II 209

Pli*Pli*Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*

MN 36MN 85frgm 52

frgmfrgmfrgm

MN I 237MN II 93Hartmann 1991: 259SHT IV 33.28-29+33, 165.24-26+42, 180.3-4+6SHT IX 2063e

MN 101 MN II 214 Chin M 19 T I 442b


229


229

MN 102 MN II 228

Skt*Skt*Skt*Tib

frgm 53

frgmfrgmedition

Hartmann 1991: 221, 233 SHT III 882B (?)SHT IV 32.1-6, 33.1-7Skilling 1994: 310


M 196T 85

T I 752cT I 904c

MN 105 MN II 252

Skt*Skt*Skt*Skt*

frgm frgmfrgmfrgm

SHT I 32SHT IV 32.25-33SHT IV 165.6-14, 500.3-4SHT IX 2578

MN 106 MN II 261ChinTib*

M 75D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 542bmon: ju 227b / tu 260a

MN 107 MN III 1 ChinChin

M 144T 70

T I 652aT I 875a

MN 108 MN III 7 Chin M 145 T I 653c

MN 109 MN III 15ChinPliTib

S 58 SN 22.82D 4094 / Q 5595

T II 14bSN III 100mon: u 54a / thu 95a

MN 112 MN III 29 Chin M 187 T I 732a

MN 113 MN III 37ChinChinChin

M 85T 48E 17.9

T I 561aT I 837cT II 585a

MN 114 MN III 45Chin*Pli*Pli*

M 109AN 9.6AN 10.54

T I 598cAN IV 365AN V 100

MN 115 MN III 61

ChinChinChinChin*PliTibTib

M 181T 776T 1537T 1509AN 1.15D 297 / Q 963D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 723aT XVII 712bT XXVI 501bT XXV 237aAN I 26mdo: a 297a / lu 325bmon: ju 28b / tu 31b

MN 116 MN III 68 Chin E 38.7 54 T II 723a

MN 117 MN III 71ChinSkt*Tib

M 189frgmD 4094 / Q 5595

T I 735bSHT V 1125mon: u 43b / thu 83a

MN 118 MN III 78

ChinChin*Chin*Pli*Skt*

S 815 55 S 810S 803SN 54.13-16frgm

T II 209bT II 208aT II 206aSN V 328SHT IX 3091

MN 119 MN III 88ChinPli*

M 81DN 22

T I 554cDN II 291

JCBSSL VOL. IV

230

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230

Pli* MN 10 MN I 56

MN 120 MN III 99 Chin* M 168 56 T I 700b

MN 121 MN III 104ChinTib

M 190edition

T I 736cSkilling 1994: 146

MN 122MN III 109

ChinTib

M 191edition

T I 738aSkilling 1994: 188

MN 123 MN III 118 Chin M 32 57 T I 469c



MN 126 MN III 138ChinSkt*

M 173frgm

T I 709cSHT VIII 1919

MN 127 MN III 144 Chin M 79 T I 549b

MN 128 MN III 152

ChinChin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Pli*Pli*Pli*Skt*Skt*

M 72 E 24.8T 212T 1421T 1425T 1428MahvaggaJ 371J 428frgmfrgm

T I 532cT II 626bT IV 693bT XXII 159aT XXII 335aT XXII 880bVin I 342J III 211 J III 486Dutt 1984b: 182SHT VI 1384

MN 129 MN III 163

ChinChin*Skt*Tib*

M 199T 86DivyD 4094 / Q 5595

T I 759aT I 907aCowell 1886: 375 mon: ju 66b / tu 74a

MN 130 MN III 178

ChinChinChinChinChinChinChin*Chin*Chin*Chin*Pli

D 30.4M 64T 42T 43T 86E 32.4T 24T 25T 212T 741AN 3.35

T I 126bT I 503aT I 826cT I 828bT I 907aT II 674bT I 330cT I 386aT IV 668cT XVII 543cAN I 138


231


231

MN 131 MN III 187 Skt* frgm SHT III 816


M 167frgm

T I 699cMinayeff 1983: 242 58

MN 133 MN III 192ChinChin*Tib*

M 165T 1362D 313 / Q 979 59

T I 696bT XXI 881cmdo: sa 161b / u 171a

MN 134 MN III 199ChinChin

M 166T 77

T I 698cT I 886a

MN 135 MN III 202

ChinChinChinChinChinChinKhot*Skt*Skt*Skt*TibTib

M 170 60

T 78T 79T 80T 81T 755frgmfrgmfrgm 61

frgmedition 62

D 339 / Q 1006

T I 703cT I 887bT I 888bT I 891aT I 895bT XVII 588cMaggi 1995: 33Hoernle 1916: 48Lvi 1932: 21SHT VI 1210Lvi 1932: 183mdo: sa 298b / u 310b

MN 136 MN III 207ChinChin*Tib

M 171T 1509D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 706bT XXV 238bmon: ju 262b / thu 4b

MN 137 MN III 215ChinSkt*Skt*

M 163frgmfrgm

T I 692bSHT VI 1252aSHT VII 1717


M 164frgm

T I 694bSHT V 1141


M 169frgm

T I 701bSHT II 163a

MN 140 MN III 237ChinChinTib

M 162T 511D 4094 / Q 5595

T I 690aT XIV 779amon: ju 34b / tu 38a

MN 141 MN III 248

ChinChinChinPli*

M 31T 32E 27.1DN 22

T I 467aT I 814bT II 643aDN II 305

MN 142 MN III 253

ChinChinChin*Chin*Chin*

M 180T 84T 202T 203T 1421

T I 721cT I 903bT IV 434aT IV 470aT XXII 185b21

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Skt*TibUigh*

frgmD 4094 / Q 5595frgm

SHT III 979mon: ju 253b / tu 289aTekin 1980: 69

MN 143 MN III 258

ChinChin*Chin*Chin*Pli*Pli*

E 51.8 63

S 593S 1032S2 187SN 1.48SN 2.20

T II 819bT II 158bT II 269T II 441aSN I 33SN I 55

MN 144 MN III 263ChinPli

S 1266SN 35.87

T II 347bSN IV 55

MN 145 MN III 267

ChinChinChinPliSktTib

S 311 64

T 108T 1448SN 35.88DivyD 1 / Q 1030

T II 89bT II 502cT XXIV 11c29SN IV 61Cowell 1886: 37dul ba: ka304b / khe284b

MN 146 MN III 270ChinChinSkt*

S 276T 1442frgm

T II 73cT XXIII 792aSHT VI 1226.5R-11

MN 147 MN III 277ChinPliPli*

S 200SN 35.121SN 18.1-5

T II 51aSN IV 105SN II 244

MN 148 MN III 280

ChinChin*Chin*Skt*Skt*Tib

S 304 65

S 323-327 S 330 66 frgmfrgmD 4094 / Q 5595

T II 86cT II 91cT II 92aEnomoto 1989: 9SHT VI 1226.24R-25mon: ju 159a / tu 183b

MN 149 MN III 287 Chin S 305 T II 87a


S 280frgm

T II 76cSHT VI 1226.15-18

MN 151 MN III 293ChinChin*

S 236E 45.6 67

T II 57bT II 773b


S 282frgm

T II 78aSHT VI 1226.22V-24V


233


233

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Notes

1 Harrison 2002: 30 note 19 reports, as an incidental outcome of his research into T 101 and its Pli parallels, the nding that Akanumas valuable Comparative Catalogue ... is not always completely reliable.2 Similar revisions of the sections relating to the other three Nikyas are planned. We intend to eventually present our ndings on a website that will not only offer the latest information on parallels but also allow direct access to the texts themselves. This site is under preparation at http://www.suttacentral.net/. 3 Here we use Sanskrit as an umbrella term to also cover material in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit.4 A helpful overview of relevant publications is provided by Oberlies 2003.5 The table does include a few Chinese parallels outside the scope of stra and Vinaya material that we happened to come across, a more comprehensive coverage of such parallels being beyond our present resources. A particularly rich source of stra quotations is amathadevas commentary on the Abhidharmakoa. We have been able to identify several parallels during a preliminary survey based on indications kindly provided by Peter Skilling and on the correlations given in Honj 1984 and Psdika 1989; but here too an exhaustive listing of all quotations found in this and other Tibetan works is beyond our present resources. For a listing of stra quotations in Vykhyyukti texts see Skilling 2000.6 For tracing Chinese parallels, we have consulted the critical apparatus to Taish vols I and II, the tables provided in the corresponding Index volume (introductory pp. 1-30), the indexes accompanying the Foguang edition of the four Chinese gamas, and the research ndings of Yin Shun 1971, as well as carrying out our own independent research. We would like to thank Mark Allon, Lance Cousins, Fumio Enomoto, Jens-Uwe Hartmann, Noriyuki Kudo, Peter Skilling, and Ken Su for drawing our attention to additional parallels. We wel-come any further suggestions or corrections from readers.7 Thich Minh Chau 1964: 347 adopts this correspondence in his comparative study of the Pli Majjhima Nikya and the Chinese Madhyama gama.8 The lack of any evident correspondence between T 96 and MN 118 is pointed out by Zrcher 1995: 166.9 T I 919a21. The annotation itself contains an error. It reads: ~M. 115. npnasati sutta. 10 Anesaki 1908: 66. The discourse is identied by its Nanjio reference number, N. 1335. 11 Yin Shun 1971:711. 12 This correspondence is recognised by Thich Nhat Hanh 1996: 14. 13 S 803 parallels SN 54.1 at SN V 311; S 810 parallels SN 54.13-14 at SN V 328. 14 We label partial parallels with *, which broadly corresponds to Akanumas , signifying cf..15 By using the rather neutral word parallel we intend to avoid implying that the discourses in question are necessarily derivatives of a common ancestor. In identifying a Pli discourse and a Chinese discourse as parallels, we only intend to propose that they are sufciently close for such derivation to be possible.16 Akanuma 1929 differs in listing Chinese parallels for MN 48, MN 53, and MN 110. For MN 48, Akanuma 1929: 166 lists E 24.7 at T II 626b as a parallel. This must be a typing error, since E 24.7 begins at T II 626a and in any case bears no resemblance to MN 48. The next discourse is E 24.8 at T II 626b, which resembles MN 48 in having the Kosamb incident as its occasion. However, its content makes E 24.8 rather a parallel to MN 128, which is also the better placing for the other texts that Akanuma lists as parallels

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for MN 48. For MN 53, Akanuma 1929: 166 lists S 1176 at T II 316a as a partial parallel. However, MN 53 and S 1176 differ not only in the topic of instruction but also in the speaker: nanda in MN 53, Mahmoggallna in S 1176. S 1176 more closely resembles SN 35.202 at SN IV 182-188, as both of these discourses have Mahmoggallna contrast a monk under the sway of perceptual experience to a monk able to stay aloof from it. For MN 110, Akanuma 1929: 169 lists S 58 as a parallel. While S 58 is closely similar to MN 109, it bears no resemblance to MN 110. Thus, closer inspection shows that the parallels listed by Akanuma for MN 48, MN 53, and MN 110 should be discarded.17 See Sander, Waldschmidt, Wille in the Bibliography.18 M 106 and T 56, listed by Akanuma 1929: 163 as parallels for MN 1, differ from it in several respects. Whereas MN 1 discusses worldling, disciple in higher training, arahant, and tathgata, M 106 and T 56 discuss two types of recluses and Brahmins and the Buddha. They name a different location for the discourse and differ from MN 1 in not discussing Nibbna, and in not concluding with the monks failing to delight in the exposi-tion. In contrast, E 44.6 agrees with MN 1 on the above points. We therefore consider M 106 and T 56 as only partial parallels to MN 1.19 Akanuma 1929: 163 lists E 49.5 at T II 797b as a partial parallel. E 49.5 reports the Buddha giving a detailed explanation of the twelve links of paicca-samuppda and cor-recting nandas lack of appreciation of its profundity. It nds its closest parallel in SN 12.2 at SN II 2 as regards the exposition of paicca-samuppda; and it has nandas underes-timation of the profundity of paicca-samuppda in common with DN 15 at DN II 55 and SN 12.60 at SN II 92.20 Hartmann 1992: 40 notes that in the Hoernle collection a so far unpublished fragment paralleling MN 10 at MN I 58 can be found. Another Sanskrit fragment parallel is scheduled for publication in vol. IV of Buddhist Manuscripts in the Schyen Collection (personal communication by Paul Harrison). 21 We follow Akanuma 1929: 163 in including numerous partial parallels, though most of them correspond only to sections of MN 12, being properly parallels to other Pli discourses.22 Hartmann 1992: 41 notes that in the Hoernle collection a so far unpublished fragment can be found that probably parallels MN 13 at MN I 86.23 E 41.1 is only a partial parallel, as its rst part instead parallels SN 55.21 at SN V 369, another meeting between the Buddha and Mahnma.24 E 50.8 is only a partial parallel to MN 21. Its rst part agrees with MN 21 in having the monk Moliyaphagguna (~ ) associating excessively with nuns. The remainder of E 50.8 agrees rather with MN 22, as in E 50.8 the claim that sensuality is no obstacle to progress is made by Moliyaphagguna, while in MN 22 it is made by another monk, Ariha. E 50.8 thereafter agrees with MN 22 in having the Buddha correct this mistaken view and deliver the snake simile. We therefore list E 50.8 as a partial parallel to both MN 21 and MN 22.25 See previous note.26 Akanuma 1929: 164 instead lists T 765 at T XVII 67a, which seems to be a typing error.27 In addition to the Chinese counterparts to the Lalitavistara and the Saghabhedavastu, T 186 at T III 527a, T 187 at T III 603a, and T 191 at T III 952c, several other Buddha biographies parallel some of the events described in MN 26; e.g. T 188 at T III 620b, T 189 at T III 642c, T 190 at T III 806a, T 196 at T IV 147c.28 Akanuma 1929: 165 lists no parallel. The main content of MN 30 is similar to that of MN 29; consequently E 43.4, the parallel to MN 29, is also a partial parallel to MN 30.29 On a so far unpublished Gndhr fragment parallel, Senior manuscript 12, see Salomon


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2003: 79.30 Hartmann 1992: 39 notes that in the Hoernle collection a so far unpublished fragment parallel to MN 32 can be found.31 Hartmann 2004: 126 notes a so far unpublished fragment parallel to MN 36.32 The events described in MN 36 are treated in several Chinese Buddha biographies; e.g., the rst jhna experience of the bodhisatta can be found in the Chinese counterparts to the Lalitavistara and the Saghabhedavastu, T 186 at T III 499b, T 187 at T III 560b, and T 191 at T III 944b, and also in such accounts as are found in T 184 at T III 467b, T 185 at T III 475b, T 188 at T III 619b, T 189 at T III 629a, T 190 at T III 706a, T 192 at T IV 8c, and T 193 at T IV 66b; cf. also the Divyvadna in Cowell 1886: 391.33 Akanuma 1929: 165 lists S 251 at T II 60b as another parallel. However, S 251 should rather be reckoned as a parallel to SN 22.127-132 at SN III 172, since it agrees with them in having Mahkohita ask Sriputta only about the implications of ignorance and its opposite, not about the whole range of topics treated in MN 43 and M 211.34 See also mon: ju 165a / tu 190b.35 Reconstructed, together with cat. no. 1070, in Waldschmidt 1976.36 Hartmann 2004: 127 notes a so far unpublished fragment parallel to MN 55.37 Reconstructed, together with cat. no. 872, in Waldschmidt 1979.38 For a probable Tibetan parallel see Skilling 1979, mon: ju 168a / tu 193b.39 Hartmann 1992: 28 notes that in the Hoernle collection a so far unpublished fragment parallel to MN 58 at MN I 392-394 can be found.40 E 49.7 is a partial parallel to M 65, as Akanuma 1929: 167 indicates. After reporting the Buddhas instruction to Bhaddli (~ ) about taking only a single meal, E 49.7 describes how Udyi (~ ) once went begging at night and so startled a pregnant woman that she miscarried, a tale related (with some differences) also in MN 66 and M 192. In E 49.7 the Buddha comes to hear of this and addresses the monks on the benet of taking a single meal, after which E 49.7 returns to the events relating to Bhaddli. We therefore reckon E 49.7 as a partial parallel to both MN 65 and MN 66.41 A Chinese version of this Avadnaataka tale can be found in T 200 at T IV 255a, and a Tibetan version in Devacandra 1996: 708.42 The Chinese counterpart in T 1444 at T XXIII 1028c is abbreviated.43 Akanuma 1929: 167 lists S 973 at T II 251b and S2 207 at T II 451a as partial parallels to MN 76. These two discourses, in which nanda discusses the need to overcome lust, anger, and delusion and points to the noble eightfold path as the means to achieve this, are rather parallels to AN 3.71 at AN I 215. Hartmann 1992: 47 notes that in the Hoernle collection a so far unpublished fragment parallel to MN 76 at MN I 513,13-514,26 can be found.44 A Chinese version of this Avadnaataka tale can be found in T 200 at T IV 249b, and a Tibetan version in Devacandra 1996: 631.45 Cat. no. 412 frgm 12-16 preserve considerable parts of the discourse (hence we reckon these fragments as a full parallel). For reconstructions of the Sanskrit discourse see Matsumura 1985 and Waldschmidt 1980.46 The Chinese counterpart in T 1448 at T XXIV 58b is abbreviated. 47 The events related in MN 86 recur in T 120 at T II 512b (as recognised by Akanuma 1929: 168) and in Derge 213 at mdo sde tsha (57): 126a. Both of these are Mahyna discourses of the tathgatagarbha type and therefore fall outside the scope of our presentation.48 Also in Enomoto 1994: 22.49 A so far unpublished Gndhr fragment, Senior manuscript 1+3, parallels part of MN 89 (private communication Mark Allon).

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50 In Cat. no. 1476 R 3-5 at SHT V 228 a Brahmin expresses his willingness to travel a considerable distance to meet the Buddha, were the latter still alive, which is similar to MN 84 at MN II 90,16. However, the Sanskrit discourse takes place near Kosamb and has views as its subject, while MN 84 takes place in Madhur and treats the Brahmins claim to caste superiority, so that the Sanskrit fragment is perhaps not really a parallel to MN 84.51 Akanuma 1929: 168 lists T 79 at T I 888b as a parallel to MN 99. Closer inspection reveals that T 79 is rather a parallel to MN 135.52 Hartmann 2004: 126 notes a so far unpublished fragment parallel to MN 100.53 Hartmann 2004: 126 notes a so far unpublished fragment parallel to MN 102.54 Akanuma 1929: 169 draws attention to a passage in the Mahvastu (Senart 1882: 357). This passage describes the self-cremation of paccekabuddhas on being told that the bodhisatta was about to take birth and thus is not a parallel to MN 116.55 See above, Checking and Indentication of Parallels.56 Akanuma 1929: 169 lists A IV. 123, 124 as parallel(s). Neither AN 4.123-124 at AN II 126 nor AN 7.66 at AN IV 123-124 bears any resemblance to MN 120. He also lists M 168 as a full parallel, yet closer examination shows that this discourse differs in so many respects from MN 120 that it is probably best reckoned as a partial parallel. A so far unpublished Gndhr fragment, Senior manuscript 10, parallels part of MN 120 (private communication Mark Allon).57 Several of the wonderful and marvellous qualities of the Buddha treated in MN 123 recur in various Buddha biographies. Thus, e.g., his taking of a series of steps and making a proclamation right after being born can be found in the Saghabhedavastu in Gnoli 1977: 45, the Buddhacarita in Johnston 1995: 2, the Lalitavistara in Lefmann 1902: 85, the Mahvastu in Senart 1890: 24, and in several Chinese accounts such as T 184 at T III 463c, T 185 at T III 473c, T 188 at T III 618a, T 189 at T III 625a.58 This fragment belongs to a discourse concerned with the verses on an auspicious night and has nanda as protagonist. Unlike MN 132, however, its introductory narration tells how nanda is overpowered through a magic spell by a caala woman whose daughter has fallen in love with him, and is rescued by the Buddhas timely intervention (cf. also the Divyvadna in Cowell 1886: 613; and T 945 at T XIX 106c).59 Other versions of this discourse can be found in D 617 rgyud ba 56a; D 974 gzus wa 90a; and Q 599 rgyud ya 96b.60 The Karmavibhaga sections preserved in the Kutchean fragment in Lvi 1933 (cf. also Sieg 1938), and in the Sogdian fragment in Rosenberg 1920, do not parallel MN 135.61 Noriyuki Kudo in his presentation at the IABS conference, London 2005, mentioned fragments SC 2382/49a, 252, 255, 258a, uf1/1b, uf19/1b, 176 of the Schyen collection as further parallels.62 Kudo 2004: XXI notes a third Tibetan parallel not found in the Derge edition, on which cf. Simon 1970.63 Akanuma 1929: 171 lists M 28 at T I 458b as another parallel. But M 28 agrees with SN 55.26 at SN V 380 as regards Sriputtas instructions to Anthapiika, and in having Anthapiika recover rather than dying, as recorded in MN 143 and E 51.8. Hence, M 28 (as also Skt fragment cat. no. 1397 in SHT VI 116) is better reckoned a parallel to SN 55.26.64 Akanuma 1929: 171 lists S 215 at T II 54b as a further parallel. However, S 215 corresponds to only the rst section of MN 145. We follow Yin Shun 1983 vol. I pp. 263-264 in identifying S 215 as rather a parallel to SN 35.70, which it matches closely though disagreeing over the bhikkhus name: Pua in S 215, Upava in SN 35.70. 65 Akanuma 1929: 171 lists M 86 at T I 562a as another parallel. In M 86 nanda asks


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the Buddha how to instruct a group of young monks. The Buddha responds by discussing the ve aggregates, the six senses, and a broad range of other topics. Thus, despite some overlap as regards the exposition of the six senses, M 86 and MN 148 do not seem to be parallels. 66 S 323-327 and S 330 form part of a series of short discourses, each of which treats just one aspect of the exposition given in MN 148. Thus, they are partial parallels, just like the Sanskrit fragments in Enomoto 1989.67 E 45.6 parallels only the rst part of MN 151, after which it continues differently.

correspondence table

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chinesepli correspondences

plichinese correspondences

revision of akanumas

chinese parallels

discourses of majjhima

majjhima nikya discourses

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example of mn