correlates of democracy
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Correlates of Democracy. Sören Holmberg Göteborgs universitet. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Correlates of Democracy
Sören HolmbergGöteborgs universitet
AndorraAntigua and BarbudaBahrain
Bangladesh
ArmeniaBosnia
Brunei
Belarus
Cambodia
Cameroon
Taiwan
Den
Fin
Gabon
Gambia
IsraelJapan
Kazakhstan
North Korea
Kuwait
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Mali
Monaco
Mongolia
Oman
NorwayQatar
Romania
Russia
Saudi ArabiaSeychelles
Singapore
Vietnam
Swe
Trinidad
United Arab Emirates
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
USA
Uruguay
Venezuela
025
000
5000
0
GD
P /
Ca
pita
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.16
Sources: Gleditsch (2002), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
GDP / Capitavs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Albania
Angola
Azerbaijan Armenia
Bolivia
Bosnia
Belize
Belarus
Cambodia
Can
Central African Republic
China
Colombia
Comoros
Dem. Rep. Congo
Denmark
Ecuador
Ethiopia
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
IndonesiaIsrael
Montenegro
Netherlands
Niger
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Russia
Sao TomeZimbabweSwaziland
Swe
Thailand
Togo
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Tanzania
USA
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
3040
5060
7080
Eco
no
mic
Eq
ua
lity
(Re
vers
ed
Gin
i-in
de
x)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.01
Sources: World Development Indicators (1995-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Economic Equalityvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Bahrain
Armenia
BosniaBelarus
Cambodia
China
Congo
Cuba
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Estonia
HaitiIran
IsraelJapan
Jordan
North Korea
Madagascar
MalaysiaOman
New Zealand
PakistanPeru
Qatar
RomaniaRussia
Saudi Arabia
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovenia
Zimbabwe
Suriname
SweUnited Arab Emirates
Turkmenistan
USA
Serbia
020
4060
80
Eco
no
mic
Fre
ed
om
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.37
Sources: Heritage Foundation (2002), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Economic Freedomvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Argentina
Bahrain
Armenia
Belarus
China
Dem. Rep. Congo
Dominica
Equatorial Guinea
EthiopiaEritrea
Gambia
Iraq
Israel Japan
Madagascar
Moldova
Vanuatu
Nigeria
Palau
Guinea-Bissau
Russia
Sao Tome
Saudi ArabiaSenegal
Sierra Leone
Zimbabwe
Swe
TajikistanTrinidad and Tobago
Turkmenistan
UkraineTanzania
USA
Uruguay
Venezuela
-20
-10
010
20
GD
P /
Ca
pita
Gro
wth
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.01
Sources: World Development Indicators (2002-2005), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
GDP / Capita Growthvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
(N.B. The data for GDP / Capita growth is for a single year only)
Albania
AlgeriaArgentina
Bangladesh
Armenia
Brazil
Belarus
Cambodia
China
Colombia
Comoros
Djibouti
Georgia
Gambia
India
Iran
Liberia
Malaysia
Mali
Mauritania Mongolia
Mozambique
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Russia
Rwanda
Sao Tome
Serbia
Sierra Leone
Slovenia
South Africa
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Egypt
Tanzania
Burkina Faso
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
020
4060
8010
0
Po
pu
latio
n B
elo
w $
2 a
Da
y (%
)
0 2 4 6 8 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.19
Sources: World Bank (1995-2007), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Population Below $2 a Dayvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Albania Argentina
Brazil
Belarus Cambodia
Cameroon Cape Verde
China
Colombia
Fiji Georgia
Greece
India
Israel
Jamaica
Japan
Kenya
Kuwait
MalaysiaOman
Nor
Qatar
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Vietnam
Swe
ThailandTunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
Egypt
USA
Uruguay
VenezuelaZambia
24
68
10
Fo
reig
n C
red
it R
atin
g
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.13
Sources: Standard & Poor's (2011), Freedom House/Polity (2009)
Foreign Credit Ratingvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Albania
ArgentinaBahrain
Bangladesh
BoliviaSolomon IslandsMyanmar
Burundi
CambodiaCameroon
Cape Verde
Dem. Rep. Congo
Eritrea
Estonia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Iran
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
Lebanon
Lesotho
MalaysiaMaldives
Mali
Morocco
Mozambique
Vanuatu
Nigeria
Norway
QatarRussia
Rwanda
Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Vietnam
Swaziland
Swe
Egypt
USA
Burkina Faso
.2.4
.6.8
1
Hu
ma
n D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ind
ex
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.22
Sources: UNDP (2002), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Human Development Indexvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Afghanistan
Algeria
Bahamas
Bangladesh
Belgium
Bosnia
Botswana
BrazilMyanmar
CambodiaDem. Rep. Congo
Estonia
Honduras
Iceland
India
Israel
Cote d'Ivoire
Kazakhstan
Jordan
Kuwait
LaosLebanon
Malaysia
Mauritius
Namibia
NorwayQatar
Romania
Russia
Seychelles
Swaziland
Swe
Syria
Thailand
Ukraine
Macedonia
Egypt
USAVenezuela
Yemen
010
2030
4050
Go
vern
me
nt
Re
ven
ue
(% o
f G
DP
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.14
Sources: World Development Indicators (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Government Revenuevs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Bahrain
Armenia
Barbados
BrazilMyanmar
Belarus
Cambodia
Central African Republic
China
Denmark
Fiji
GeorgiaIran
IsraelJamaica
JordanKenya
Kuwait
Lesotho
Madagascar
MalaysiaMorocco
Namibia
Panama
Poland
Qatar
Russia
SeychellesZimbabwe
Swaziland
Swe
Syria
United Arab Emirates
TunisiaMacedonia
USABurkina Faso
Zambia
010
2030
40
Ta
x R
eve
nu
e(%
of
GD
P)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.19
Sources: World Development Indicators (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Tax Revenuevs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
ArgentinaArmenia
Bolivia
Brazil
ChinaColombia
Denmark
Ecuador
Georgia
Ghana
Indonesia
Israel
Jamaica
Japan
Kazakhstan
Jordan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Malawi
Malaysia
MexicoMorocco
Nigeria
Pakistan
Russia
SingaporeVietnam
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Swe
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Egypt
Tanzania
USA
Venezuela
0.2
.4.6
.8
So
cia
l Se
curit
y L
aw
s In
de
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.19
Sources: Botero et al (1997-2002), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Social Security Laws Indexvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Afghanistan
Argentina
Australia
Bahrain
Myanmar
Canada
Central African Republic
China
Taiwan
Dem. Rep. Congo
Ecuador
El Salvador
Fiji
Gambia
Guyana
Haiti
IranIraq
Israel
Italy
Japan
Jordan
South Korea
Kuwait
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Mauritius
Mexico
Niger
Papua New Guinea
Portugal
Senegal
Singapore
Zimbabwe
Swe
Syria
USA
Zambia
05
1015
Ave
rag
e S
cho
olin
g Y
ea
rs
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.38
Sources: Barro & Lee (2000), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Average Schooling Yearsvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
AfghanistanAngola
Antigua and Barbuda
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Myanmar
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
China
Comoros
Cuba
Benin
Ethiopia
Eritrea
Estonia
Djibouti
Gabon
Ger
KiribatiHaiti
India
Iran
IsraelJapan
Kenya
Kuwait
Lebanon
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mongolia
MozambiqueNigeria
PakistanRussia
Rwanda
San Marino
Saudi A.
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Swaziland
Swe
TajikistanThailand
United Arab Emirates
Ukraine
USA
Uzbekistan
Zambia
4050
6070
80
Life
Exp
ect
an
cy a
t B
irth
(Y
ea
rs)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.19
Sources: World Bank (2000-2006), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Life Expectancy at Birthvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Syria
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Papua New Guinea
ArgentinaS. Arabia
Nor
Croatia
JapanSwe
South Korea
Egypt
BahrainArmenia
Macedonia
ZimbabweSwaziland
Malaysia
AzerbaijanTurkmenistan
Mongolia
Israel
Georgia
Singapore
South Africa
Belarus
USA
Russia
Nigeria
Burundi
Equatorial Guinea
Kuwait
EthiopiaKenyaDjibouti
RwandaCameroon
Afghanistan
Senegal
Lesotho
Mozambique
Laos
BotswanaLiberia
Iraq Gambia
Honduras
Angola
Maldives
Tanzania
Cambodia
TuvaluBangladesh
Brunei
Sierra Leone
Mali
Tajikistan
Cuba
HaitiChad
Pakistan
IranLebanon
China
3040
5060
7080
He
alth
y L
ife Y
ea
rs
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.21
Sources: WHO (-), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Healthy Life Yearsvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Afghanistan
Angola
Bangladesh
Solomon Islands
Brunei
Cameroon
Central African Republic
China
Comoros
Dem. Rep. Congo
Cuba
Equatorial Guinea
Djibouti
Georgia
Gambia
KiribatiIndia
IranIraq
S. Korea
Lesotho
Liberia
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Marshall Isl.
Timor-LesteRwanda
Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
South Africa
Swaziland
Sweden
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
USA
Uzbekistan
050
100
150
200
Infa
nt
Mo
rta
lity
(pe
r 1
00
0 li
ve b
irth
s)
0 2 4 6 8 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.22
Sources: World Bank (2000-2002), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Infant Mortalityvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
High
Low
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Afghanistan
Albania
Bangladesh
Armenia
Botswana
Myanmar
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
China
Equatorial Guinea
EthiopiaEritrea
Gambia
Guyana India
IranIraq
Lesotho
Liberia
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
MozambiqueNamibia
Nepal Vanuatu
Guinea-BissauTimor-Leste
Rwanda
Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Sweden
TajikistanTunisiaUSA
Burkina Faso
050
010
0015
0020
00
Ma
tern
al M
ort
alit
y R
atio
(pe
r 1
00
,00
0 li
ve b
irth
s)
0 2 4 6 8 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.12
Sources: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation - University of Washington (2002),Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Maternal Mortality Ratiovs. Level of Democracy
Low High
High
Low
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Afghanistan
Angola
Bangladesh
Solomon Islands
Myanmar
Burundi
Colombia
Dem. Rep. Congo
CubaCzech Republic
Dominican Republic
Ethiopia
Gabon
Georgia
Guyana
India
Iran
Iraq
Jamaica
Japan
Kazakhstan
North Korea
Lebanon
Lesotho
Mexico
Marshall Islands
Pakistan
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Swaziland
Swe
Syria
Tonga
USA
Uruguay
Zambia
020
4060
8010
0
Go
vern
me
nt
Exp
en
ditu
re o
n H
ea
lth(%
of
tota
l he
alth
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.15
Sources: WHO (2001-2002), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Government Expenditure on Healthvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Afghanistan
Angola
Azerbaijan
AusBahrain
Bangladesh
Solomon Islands
Bulgaria
Myanmar
Burundi
Belarus
Cent. Afr. Rep.China
Colombia
Dem. Rep. Congo
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
EthiopiaDjibouti
Gabon
Georgia
Guyana
India
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
North Korea
Lebanon
Lesotho
Latvia
Libya
Malawi
Mexico
NamibiaNeth
Nigeria
Marshall Islands
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Slovakia
SomaliaSouth Africa
Swaziland
SweTongaUnited Arab Emirates
Ukraine
USA
Uruguay
Zambia
020
4060
8010
0
Pri
vate
Exp
en
ditu
re o
n H
ea
lth(%
of
tota
l he
alth
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.15
Sources: WHO (2001-2002), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Private Expenditure on Healthvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Argentina
Australia
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia
Brazil
BelizeSolomon Islands
Brunei
Belarus
Comoros
Dem. Rep. Congo
Costa Rica
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
FijiDjibouti
Gambia
Guyana
Iceland
Iraq
Israel Japan
Kazakhstan
Malaysia
Mauritania
Mauritius
Guinea-Bissau
Timor-Leste
Qatar
RussiaSaudi Arabia
Swaziland
Swe
Trinidad and TobagoTurkmenistan
Ukraine
EgyptTanzania
USA
Serbia
020
4060
Ca
rbo
n D
ioxi
de
Em
issi
on
s(T
on
s p
er
Ca
pita
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.00
Sources: Environmental Performance Index (2000-2005), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Carbon Dioxide Emissionsvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Belarus
Cambodia
Cameroon
Chad
China
Comoros
Dem. Rep. Congo
Cuba
Ethiopia
Eritrea
DjiboutiGeorgia
Gambia
Kiribati
Guinea
India
Iran
Iraq
Kazakhstan
N. Korea
Laos
Liberia
Malaysia
Mali
Morocco
MozambiqueNiger
Guinea-BissauTimor-Leste Romania
Russia
Sao TomeSenegal
Singapore
Somalia
SwedenThailand
Tunisia
Turkey USA
2040
6080
100
Acc
ess
to
Im
pro
ved
Drin
kin
g W
ate
r (%
)
0 2 4 6 8 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.18
Sources: Esty et al / WHO (2004), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Access to Improved Drinking Water (%)vs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Bosnia
Solomon Islands
Brunei
Myanmar
Burundi
Belarus
Cambodia
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Sri Lanka
Chad
Chile
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Eritrea
Georgia
Ghana
Kiribati
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
North Korea
Laos
Malawi
Mauritania Mozambique
Vanuatu
Nicaragua
Niger
Pakistan
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
VietnamSouth Africa
Swaziland
Sweden
Tajikistan
ThailandTrinidad and Tobago
United Arab Emirates
Tunisia
Tuvalu
Egypt
Tanzania
USA
Burkina Faso
Serbia
020
4060
8010
0
Acc
ess
to
Ad
eq
uat
e S
an
itatio
n (
%)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.16
Sources: Environmental Performance Index (2004-), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Access to Adequate Sanitationvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Angola
Bangladesh
Belarus
Sri Lanka
China
Cuba
Benin
Iceland
India
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
S. KoreaKuwait
Latvia
LuxMalaysia
Moldova
Morocco Nepal
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Philippines
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Sweden
SyriaUnited Arab Emirates
Turkey
Uganda Ukraine
TanzaniaUSA
Burkina Faso
Uzbekistan
Yemen
.4.5
.6.7
.8
Ge
nd
er
Eq
ua
lity
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.31
Sources: World Economic Forum (2005), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Gender Equalityvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Afghanistan
Andorra
Argentina
Australia
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Belgium
Brazil
Burundi
Belarus
China
Den
Eritrea
Finland
Gabon
Gambia
Guyana
India
Iran
Iraq
Libya
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Monaco
Mozambique
NauruVanuatu
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Seychelles
Zimbabwe
Swe
Thailand
Tonga
Tunisia
Tanzania
USA
050
100
150
200
Se
con
da
ry E
du
catio
n E
nro
llme
nt
(Fe
ma
le)
0 2 4 6 8 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.27
Sources: UNESCO (1999-2009), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Secondary Education Enrollment (Female)vs. Level of Democracy
Low High
High
Low
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Angola
Argentina
Bahamas
Armenia
Botswana
Brazil
Belize
Myanmar
Central African Republic
China
Colombia
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
El Salvador
Ethiopia
GambiaGrenada
Guatemala
Haiti
Indonesia
Cote d'Ivoire
Jamaica
Mali
Malta
Russia
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia Singapore
South Africa
Sudan
SweTonga
Egypt
USA
Russia
Zambia
020
4060
Ho
mic
ide
Ra
te(p
er
10
0,0
00
po
pul
atio
n)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.01
Sources: UN Data (2010), Freedom House/Polity (2009)
Homicide Ratevs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
MyanmarNepal
Syria
Turkey
Venezuela
Albania
Nor
Qatar
Cyprus
FinlandSwe
Bahrain
Zambia
Mexico
Zimbabwe
Mauritius
Chile
Czech Republic
Malaysia
Azerbaijan
LatviaSingaporeKazakhstan Ukraine
USA
Kuwait
Nicaragua
Malta
Jordan
Maldives
IndiaBangladesh
Brunei
Lebanon
050
010
0015
0020
00
Nu
mb
er
of
Po
lice
Off
ice
rs(p
er
10
0,0
00
po
pul
atio
n)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.02
Sources: UNODC (2000-2006), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Number of Police Officersvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
NepalBoliviaBosnia and Herzegovina
VenezuelaSaudi Arabia
Qatar SweEgypt
Bahrain ArmeniaZambia Macedonia MexicoRomania
Czech RepublicMalaysia
AzerbaijanTurkmenistan MoldovaGeorgiaKyrgyzstan EstoniaSingapore
South AfricaKazakhstan Ukraine
Belarus
USA
Russia
020
040
060
0
Nu
mb
er
of
Pri
son
ers
(pe
r 1
00
,00
0 p
op
ula
tion
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.01
Sources: UNODC (2000-2006), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Number of Prisonersvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Albania AndorraAzerbaijan
Australia
Austria
BangladeshBosnia
Brazil
Belarus
China
Colombia
Ethiopia
Finland
India
Indonesia
Iran
IraqJapan
Jordan
Kyrgyzstan
Norway
Portugal
Russia
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Vietnam
Slovenia
Sweden
Trinidad and TobagoUganda
Ukraine
Egypt
Tanzania
USA
Serbia
020
4060
80
Mo
st P
eo
ple
Ca
n B
e T
rust
ed
(%
)
0 2 4 6 8 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.01
Sources: World Values Survey (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Interpersonal Trustvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
High
Low
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Algeria
Bangladesh
Bosnia
Belarus
China
Taiwan
Ethiopia
Ghana
Guatemala
Iceland
IndiaIndonesia
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
Morocco
Nigeria
Russia
Rwanda
Vietnam
Zimbabwe Swe
Thailand
Uganda
Macedonia
Egypt
Tanzania
USA
VenezuelaSerbia
.51
1.5
22.
53
Co
nfid
en
ce in
Pa
rlia
me
nt
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.15
Sources: World Values Survey (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Confidence in Parliamentvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Albania
Argentina
Armenia
Taiwan
Colombia
El SalvadorGeorgia
Ghana
Guatemala
Hungary
Iceland
India
Latvia
MaliNorwayPhilippines
Poland
South Africa
Swe
Turkey
Macedonia
USA
Venezuela
Zambia
.51
1.5
2
Co
nfid
en
ce in
Pa
rlia
me
nt
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.11
Sources: World Values Survey (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Confidence in Parliamentvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
N.B. Only democracies (countries with a FreedomHouse/Polity rating above 6) are included. Bangladesh is also excluded.
AlbaniaAlgeria
Azerbaijan
Argentina
Bangladesh
Bosnia
Belarus
China
Cyp
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Estonia
IndiaIndonesia
Iran
Iraq Japan
Jordan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia Mali
Morocco
NigeriaNor
Pakistan
Poland
Romania
Russia
Vietnam
Swe
Switzerland
Uganda
Ukraine
Macedonia
Tanzania
USASerbia
.51
1.5
22.
53
Co
nfid
en
ce in
Go
vern
me
nt
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.22
Sources: World Values Survey (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Confidence in Governmentvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Albania
Argentina
Armenia
Cyp
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Estonia
Georgia
Ghana
IndiaIndonesia
Japan
Mali
Nor
Poland
Romania
Swe
Switzerland
Ukraine
Macedonia
USA
Serbia
Zambia
.51
1.5
2
Co
nfid
en
ce in
Go
vern
me
nt
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.00
Sources: World Values Survey (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Confidence in Governmentvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
N.B. Only democracies (countries with a FreedomHouse/Polity rating above 6) are included. Bangladesh is also excluded.
And
Argentina
Bangladesh
Armenia
Bosnia
Bulgaria
Belarus
China
Colombia
El Salvador
Ethiopia
EstoniaGeorgia
Ghana
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Italy
Jordan
Malaysia
Mexico
Moldova
Nigeria
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Singapore
Vietnam
Slovenia
Zimbabwe
Spain
SwedenThailand
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
Egypt
Tanzania
USA
Venezuela
Serbia
2.5
33.
5
Fe
elin
g o
f H
ap
pin
ess
0 2 4 6 8 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.05
Sources: World Values Survey (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Feeling of Happinessvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
High
Low
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Argentina
Bangladesh
Armenia
Bosnia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Belarus
China
Colombia Denmark
Ethiopia GeorgiaIndia
Iran
Iraq
Italy
JapanKyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Mexico
Moldova
Morocco
Nigeria
Pakistan
Peru
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia Singapore
Slovakia
Zimbabwe
Sweden
Thailand
Egypt
Tanzania
USA
Serbia
Zambia
45
67
8
Life
Sa
tisfa
ctio
n
0 2 4 6 8 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.28
Sources: World Values Survey (1996-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Life Satisfactionvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
High
Low
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Angola
Belarus
Bhutan
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
ChadChina
Congo, Democratic Republic
Equatorial Guinea
EthiopiaGambia
Georgia
GhanaGreece
India
Indonesia
Iraq
KenyaKuwaitLiberia
Madagascar
Maldives
Nepal
NigerNigeriaPakistan
Philippines
Qatar RussiaRwanda
Saudi Arabia
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sweden
ThailandUganda
Ukraine
USA
Venezuela
02
46
810
Le
vel o
f D
em
ocr
acy
20
09
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy 2002
R²=0.88
Sources: Freedom House/Polity (2002), Freedom House/Polity (2009)
Level of Democracy 2009vs. Level of Democracy 2002
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Afghanistan
Antigua and Barbuda
Armenia
Bhutan Botswana
Solomon IslandsBurundi
Belarus
Central African Republic
Chile
China
Taiwan
Congo, Democratic Republic
Cuba
Ethiopia
Fiji
France
Gabon
Gambia
KiribatiGuatemala
Haiti
Iran
Jordan
North Korea
South Korea
Kuwait
Latvia
Malawi
MalaysiaMaldives
Monaco
OmanNamibia
Nauru
Nicaragua
Norway
Pakistan
Paraguay
Peru
Qatar
RussiaSaudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Vietnam
Slovenia
Somalia
Swe
Tonga
United Arab Emirates
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Tanzania
USA
-2-1
01
2
Go
vern
me
nt
Eff
ect
ive
ne
ss
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.34
Sources: World Bank (2002-2006), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Government Effectivenessvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
Low
High
Afghanistan
Angola
Antigua and BarbudaBahrain
Armenia
Belgium
Bhutan
Bolivia
Botswana
Myanmar
Sri Lanka
Chile
Colombia
Congo, Democratic Republic
Cuba
Cyp
EcuadorEthiopia
Fiji
Finland
Djibouti
Georgia
Kiribati
Haiti
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Korea, South
Kuwait
Libya
MalaysiaMauritania
MexicoMorocco
Oman
NamibiaNepal
Vanuatu
Nigeria Marshall Isl
Panama
Paraguay
Qatar
Russia
Saudi Arabia Seychelles
Singapore
Vietnam
Zimbabwe
Swe
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Egypt
USA
Burkina Faso
-2-1
01
23
Co
ntr
ol o
f C
orr
up
tion
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Level of Democracy
R²=0.27
Sources: World Bank (2002-2008), Freedom House/Polity (2002-2006)
Control of Corruptionvs. Level of Democracy
Low High
Data runs by: Richard Svensson
High Corruption
Low Corruption