Maria Corazon Sumulong

Cojuanco AquinoThe Aquino Administration

1986-1992

Corazon Aquino was the 11th president (and first female president) of the Philippines. She restored democracy after the long dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.

Born: 25-Jan-1933Birthplace: Manila, Philippines

Gender: FemaleRace or Ethnicity: Other

Occupation: Head of State Nationality: Philippines

Executive summary: Former housewife turned political widow

Husband: Benigno Aquino (Philippine Senator, m. 1955, five children, d. 1983 assassination)

    President of the Philippines 25-Feb-1986 to 30-Jun-1992

    Time Man of the Year 1986

Political Achievements •1987 Constitution- approved and enacted

in February 1987-crippled presidential

power to declare martial law

- proposed the creation of autonomous regions in the

Cordilleras and Muslim Mindanao

- -restoration of the presidential form of government and the bicameral Congress.

-contain articles which include the rights of the

people-created to replace the 1973 Constitution

• Restoration of democratic institutions• Freedom Constitution (Proclamation

no.3)- provided for the carry-over of some of the provisions of the 1973 constitution not contrary to the ideals of democracy- provided the abolition of Batasang Pambansa and the reorganization of

the government- gave the president the right to issue executive orders which would serve as

laws while there was no congress• National Reconciliation

-To maintain peace and order in the country, President Aquino announced a policy of national reconciliation asking

for the cooperation of the Filipinos especially the rebel groups.

• ARMM(Autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao)

-Mindanao was a very independent part of the

Philippines who refused to be a part of the Philippines. To solve

this problem, President Cory gave them a freedom to be singled out from the country and declared it

as ARMM.• PCGR (Presidential Commission

on Government Reorganization)- Its main function was to

streamline bureaucracy. In the process, some government offices

were faced out, displacing a number of government employees

Economic Achievements:-The Aquino government believed that a large portion of the nation’s wealth was taken by the Marcos and so the PCGG(Presidential Commission on Good Government) was created. • CARL (Comprehensive Agrarian Re-

form law)- signed by President Aquino which implemented the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

- Made an agrarian reform through this

-The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) was a land reform law signed by President Corazon Aquino on June 10, 1988-CARP aims “for a more equitable distribution and ownership of land.” It meant to distribute lands to farmers in a span of 10 years, but was extended by the 11th Congress due to delays in land distribution and lack of budget allocation. Agrarian reform-is very significant for the

economy of any country because more than half of the population is employed in the agricultural sector. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood especially for the developing countries. Reforms are important because they protect the rights of the farmers .

Social Achievements• DSWD (Department of Social-Welfare and

Development)-Formerly called DSSD/MSSD-objectives are: 1) protection and rehabilitation of the

mentally and physically disabled 2) provide complete services for the needy 3) improve inhuman conditions• Generics law-The Generics Law of 1988 was hailed as a landmark law that could benefit the public but it has failed miserably, due to:1.) weak support from doctors 2.)strong lobbying by multinational drug companies3.)and the health department’s incompetence.

FIDEL VALDEZ RAMOS

The Ramos Administration

1992-1998

Fidel Ramos was the 12th Philippine President. Under

Ramos, the Philippines experienced a period of

political stability and rapid economic growth and

expansion, as a result of his policies and programs

designed to foster national reconciliation and unity.

Born: 18-March-1928Birthplace: Lingayen, Pangasinan

Gender: MaleRace or Ethnicity: Asian

Occupation: Head of State Nationality: Philippines

Executive summary: 12th President of the PhilippinesWife: Amelita Martinez

Military Service: Philippines Army (Korean War, Vietnam War) 12th President of the Philippines from June 1992 to 1998

POLITICAL ACHIEVEMENTS

• Energy Crisis-During the term of Ramos, he requested the congress to enact a law that would plan and manage the Philippines’ energy demands.

• NIPAS-National Integrated Protected Areas System.

This was implemented to sustain the environment and to protect or conserve the country’s natural

resources.• Local Government Code

-He passed this act to provide a more responsive and accountable local government structure

ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS• Foreign Investments from Travel

-Ramos was known as the most traveled Philippine president in

recent history.-He generated about $20B worth of

foreign investments to the Philippines.

• Asian Tiger Cub Economy-The countries part of this focused on developing goods for export to

highly-industrialized nations.-Many foreign investors poured

money into the country.

SOCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS• Philippine Centennial

-On June 12, 1998, the nation celebrated its centennial year of Independence from Spain.

-One of the major projects of the commission was the Expo Pilipino, a grand showcase of the Philippines'

growth as a nation for the last 100 years.• Clean and Green Campaign

-The program aims to sustain cleanliness, beautification, and sanitation in the city.

-He approved the adoption of the Integrated National Waste Management System Framework.

• Peace Agreements with MNLF-Ramos was able to secure major peace agreements with Muslim separatists, communist insurgents and

military rebels, which renewed investor confidence in the Philippine economy.