Cooperation & Conflict: The Cooperation & Conflict: The Relationship between the Relationship between the PapacyPapacy and Medieval and Medieval European European MonarchsMonarchs

77thth Grade World History Grade World History

The Pope Leo III The Pope Leo III Crowns Charlemagne Crowns Charlemagne in 800 C.E.in 800 C.E.

The Pope Crowns The Pope Crowns Charlemagne Charlemagne because…because…

He was a He was a devout Christiandevout Christian He He unitedunited much of the old much of the old

Roman Empire in Roman Empire in EuropeEurope He was a brilliant military He was a brilliant military

leaderleader He helped the pope put He helped the pope put

down a rebellion in Italydown a rebellion in Italy By crowning CharlemagneBy crowning Charlemagne, ,

the Pope is asserting papal the Pope is asserting papal authorityauthority

CharlemagneCharlemagne’’s main s main achievements…achievements… Unified much of Europe Unified much of Europe Because of his devotion to the Because of his devotion to the

Christian faith…Christian faith…– He strengthened the ChurchHe strengthened the Church– He increased education and learning He increased education and learning

throughout Europe so that people throughout Europe so that people could read the Bible.could read the Bible.

Investiture Investiture ControversyControversy

The PlayersThe Players: : Pope Pope Gregory VII and King Gregory VII and King Henry IVHenry IV

The SettingThe Setting: Medieval : Medieval Europe, the pope needs Europe, the pope needs support from the support from the monarchy, the monarchy monarchy, the monarchy needs support from the needs support from the pope, pope, BOTH monarchy BOTH monarchy and pope appoints and pope appoints church officialschurch officials

Pope Gregory VIIPope Gregory VII

Investiture Investiture ControversyControversy The ConflictThe Conflict: : In 1075, Pope In 1075, Pope

Gregory VII officially asserted that Gregory VII officially asserted that the papal power is the sole the papal power is the sole universal power and universal power and ONLYONLY the the papacy could select church papacy could select church officials, officials, like the bishops. like the bishops. King King Henry IV continued to appoint Henry IV continued to appoint church officials like bishopschurch officials like bishops..

King Henry IVKing Henry IV

Pope GregoryPope Gregory’’s s ReactionReaction

He He excommunicatedexcommunicated Henry IV Henry IV– Excommunicate means to remove Excommunicate means to remove

someone from the churchsomeone from the church– Henry was removed from the church and Henry was removed from the church and deposeddeposed as the German king as the German king

Henry IV apologizes…Henry IV apologizes…

Henry IV asks Pope Gregory VII for Henry IV asks Pope Gregory VII for forgivenessforgiveness by standing barefoot in by standing barefoot in the snow for three days outside the snow for three days outside where the Pope was staying.where the Pope was staying.

Pope Gregory VII had to forgive Pope Gregory VII had to forgive him and Henry IV became emperor him and Henry IV became emperor againagain..

Henry IV later invaded Rome and Henry IV later invaded Rome and Pope Gregory VII fled Pope Gregory VII fled

The apologyThe apology

The Lasting Effect…The Lasting Effect… In 1122 church leaders & nobles In 1122 church leaders & nobles

agreed to have the pope select agreed to have the pope select church officials at the Concordat church officials at the Concordat of Wormsof Worms

The pope establishes his The pope establishes his dominance dominance and power over the and power over the monarchy temporarily monarchy temporarily

The continued conflict will The continued conflict will eventually lead to a eventually lead to a split between split between monarchy and papacymonarchy and papacy

Reflection Quick WriteReflection Quick Write Pretend you are Pretend you are

Henry IV, write Henry IV, write one paragraph (at one paragraph (at least 5 sentences) least 5 sentences) explaining your explaining your decision to decision to apologize to Pope apologize to Pope Gregory VII. Gregory VII. Would you really Would you really mean it? How far mean it? How far would you go to would you go to convince the pope convince the pope

Pretend you are Pretend you are Pope Gregory VII, Pope Gregory VII, write one write one paragraph (at paragraph (at least 5 sentences) least 5 sentences) explaining your explaining your decision to take decision to take Henry IV back and Henry IV back and accept his accept his apology. Do you apology. Do you really believe him? really believe him? Would you trust Would you trust him?him?