Remember faburden from England?• improvisational practice: English singers “improvised” polyphony from a chant

How? • put the preexistent chant in the middle voice• lowest voice is the “faburdener”--this singer had to visually imagine a note either

in unison or a 3rd above the chant, and then (whichever note was imagined), sing a note a 5th below.

• treble or highest voice sings a 4th above the chant.

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Fauxbourdon: By 1425-1430, composers on the Continent (France, especially) had developed their own counterpart to faburden.How did this composer (Johannes Brassart) do this?

• placed the plainchant melody in the top voice• composed the lowest voice, the tenor, mostly note against note with the top

voice. Mainly moves in 6ths (with occasional moves to the octave)• Rather than writing out the middle voice, merely writes the instruction “a

fauxbourdon”• a singer would know to double the chant (upper voice) at a 4th below.

E-xul- ta-te ius -ti inDo-mi-no:

2 JonaNNrs Bn,tssasnr Sapienciam sanctorum

***Feuxbourdon 39

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*Fauxbourdon

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