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Container Gardening Developed by: Barb Larson, Kenosha Co. UWEX Lisa Johnson, Dane Co. UWEX 1

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Page 1: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Container Gardening

Developed by:  Barb Larson, Kenosha Co. UWEXLisa Johnson, Dane Co. UWEX

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Page 2: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Why Garden in Containers?

• Awful soil on‐site• More options for plant placement

• Limited time• Limited mobility• Limited funds• Limited space• Apartment or condo rules

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Page 3: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Container Gardening

• Container types• Container soils• Watering• Fertilizing• Plants• Designing with containers

Photo: Hobro Solutions3

Page 4: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Containers• Container drainage is crucial for plant survival!

• Match pot size to plant type and growth rate

• Small containers may dry out too quickly

• Mouth of the container should not be not too narrow if there are several plants or many stems on a single plant

vgreene.com

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Page 5: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Containers

Clay• Porous, can wick moisture out of the media and dry out the rootball

• Soak in water before planting

• May freeze and crack in winter; store indoors

• Heavy • Expensive

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Page 6: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

ContainersPlastic, resin, fiberglass• Hold water longer than clay (not porous)

• Black plastic gets very hot—can cook your roots

• Lighter in weight• May be less expensive • Plastic or resin may fade or crack in sun

• Some plastic pots don’t last long

• Plastic pot recycling 6

Page 7: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Containers

Stone/Cement• Durable!• Heavy• Expensive, but hard to abscond with when in place!

• Faux stone may be an option or painting  clay or plastic pots with spray‐paint stone finishes

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Page 8: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

ContainersGlazed Ceramic• Very popular• Many colors, textures and sizes

• Expensive• Don’t leave outside over winter—may crack 

• Heavy

Oldtimepottery.com

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Page 9: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Containers

Wood• Half‐barrels• Teak, cedar, redwood• Paintable and sealable• Need more maintenance

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Page 10: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Windowboxes

• Plastic or metal• Avoid if too narrow or shallow –not enough space for roots

• Check often for water

• May seasonally change some of the plantings

Page 11: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

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Page 12: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Windowboxes

Metal frames with fiber,  sphagnum moss or coco‐mat liners

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Page 13: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Hanging baskets

• Hanging baskets, balls, wall planters

• Plastic or metal• Dry out very fast• Vertical gardening is great for small spaces

• Metal: use sphagnum moss or coco‐mat liners

• Make sure your hook will support the weight of your basket

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Page 14: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Hanging baskets

gardensquirrel.com

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Page 15: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Hanging balls

15 Ferndale‐lodge.co.uk

thegerminatrix.com

Page 16: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Non-traditional Containers

All you need are some drainage holes

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Page 17: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Non-traditional Containers

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Page 18: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Wall Planters

18Kelliellis.comWestelm.com

Page 19: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Wall Planters

19 Gapyearworldwide.com

Westelm.com

Page 20: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Living Picture or Wall Planters

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Living wall planters at thegreenhead.com 

The plants grow in a planting grid, and a cedar wood frame houses a watering tray on top that trickles water down to each cell in the grid. Excess water collects in a tray on the bottom. 

Page 21: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Living Picture or Wall Planters

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Patioproductions.com

Page 22: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Container Soils

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Page 23: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Container Soils

• Limited root space• Cannot use garden soil—

use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil, no more than 4:1 (potting soil:compost)

• Shallow pots dry out faster than deep

• Poor drainage at bottom on taller planters

• Covering holes?23

Page 24: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Container Soils

Soil‐less mixes have:• A mineral component such as vermiculite or perlite• An organic component such as peat, fir bark or pine bark• May have slow‐release fertilizer, if not are low in nutrients• Very porous, hold water well, good for root growth

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Page 25: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Planting in Containers•Pre‐moisten the media if needed

• Pre‐moisten plants if needed• Cover drainage holes or add gravel if desired

• Add old water bottles, soup cans or butter tubs if needed to reduce depth of soil and container weight

• Do not re‐use old soil if plants were diseased 

• Spread roots if root‐bound

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Page 26: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Fertilizing• Starter fertilizers

–Higher in phosphorusPromotes rooting

• Water soluble fertilizers• Slow release fertilizers• Organic fertilizers• Follow the label• Water thoroughly so the water comes through the drainage holes thegreenninja.com

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Page 27: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Fertilizing• If using water soluble, 

apply every two weeks –due to leaching, slow release, once only

• If very hot, don’t apply that week

• Apply less during July ‘slump’

• May want to use a ‘bloom builder’ for some plants

• If plants are very dry, don’t fertilize, water

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Page 28: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Watering Guidelines

• How often??• Check on a daily basis 

starting at the end of May or the beginning of warm weather

• Factors affecting water usage include media, temperature, wind, sun, container size & type and plant type

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Page 29: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Watering Guidelines

• Moisten entire root zone so water drips out the bottom, then allow to dry out a little

• Avoid doing light waterings

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Page 30: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

AnnualsMany choices ‐ some ornamental annuals that do well:

• Coleus• Impatiens• Petunias• Snapdragons• Salvia• Sw. Potato Vines• Geraniums• Begonias• Celosia • Marigolds• Ornamental Kale

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Page 31: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Vegetables• Allow enough space for root 

development!• Choose compact, bush, patio or 

dwarf varieties• If trellising, make sure the trellis 

can support the plant and the pot is heavy enough for both

• Recommended species vegetables for containers include lettuce, spinach, radishes, bush‐type peas, peppers, chard, patio or cherry tomatoes, bush cucumbers 

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Page 32: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Vegetables

• For peppers, chard, and dwarf tomatoes use pots holding 2‐5 gallons soil

• For larger tomatoes, cucumbers or egg plant use pots holding at least 10 gallons of soil

• For lettuce and radishes, pots must be at least 6‐8” deep 

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Page 33: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Herbs

• Annual herbs are the easiest as they do not have to be overwintered

• If growing herbs indoors, the more light, the better 4‐6+ hours 

• If indoors, watch for spider mites, aphids and whiteflies.

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Page 34: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

• Variegated sage, purple sage, or golden sage 

• Greek Oregano• Cuban Oregano • Rosemary • Marjoram• Basil• Thyme• Chives• Summer savory

Herbs

greenfingers.com

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Page 35: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Perennials Some perennials that can work in pots include bulbs, asters, ferns, sedum, astilbe, heuchera, some campanula, hens‐and‐chicks, phlox, some ornamental grasses and hostas.

oregonlive.com

msuecares.com

Forest & Kim Starr WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

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Page 36: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Success With Containers

• If using mixed plantings, combine plants with similar cultural needs

• Be aware of water, light and fertility requirements

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Page 37: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

• Full sun = 6+ hours/day

• Partial sun = 3‐5 hours/day

• Partial shade = dappled sun for a few hours

• Shade = no direct light

Success With Containers

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Page 38: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Trends in Container Design

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• Groupings• Tropicals• Vegetables and 

ornamental edibles

• One plant species vs many/pot

• Repeating similar colors in different textures 

Page 39: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Designing with Containers

Mixed forms: Thriller, filler, spiller—can have more than one of each• Texture• Contrast• Color palette• Color Repetition

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Page 40: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

• Horizontal planters:

• Avoid planting in straight rows

• Vary heights of  main plants

• Soften with filler plants

Designing with Containers

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Page 41: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

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Page 42: Container Gardening - Garden & Landscape Expo 2019Container Soils • Limited root space • Cannot use garden soil— use bagged potting soil. Can amend with bagged compost or topsoil,

Thank You!

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Lisa Johnson5201 Fen Oak Drive

Ste. 138 Madison WI 53718

608-224-3715711 for Wisconsin Relay

[email protected]://dane.uwex.edu/horticulture