CONSTRUCTION

Objective 6.02

Bell Ringer 12/2

What is the most common roof type?

What is the least expensive roof type?

Objective

Review Roof Styles

Recognize Components of Construction

Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)

A. Foundation

1. Footings

2. Slab

Construction

We will discuss the Basic Steps needed in ALL types of housing Construction…

STEP 1: Planning the housing SITE Topography – the slope of the land and

its other physical features

Influences: Planning Construction Maintenance

Types of topography

Easiest and least expensive to build on: Flat land, well drained, and free of rocks

Not all land/sites are like this: Poorly drained soils may cause swampy yards,

wet basements, sewage problems, and poor plant growth

In a cold climate, water trapped in poorly drained soils will freeze and expand, sometime causing the foundation to crack

Orientation

The position of a home on the lot and the direction the home faces.

Purpose: allow residents to enjoy sunshine, gentle breezes, and the natural beauty of the housing site

Understanding the principles of orientation can help a person choose one apartment unit over another

Orientation: using sunlight effectively

Help prevent dampness, mildew, and rot Home will need less artificial lighting Regions with cold winter need to utilize the

sun exposure South and west sides of a dwelling receive

the most sunlight Usually the family room, kitchen, and living

room (rooms that are center of family activity) are on the south and west side

North side should have the fewest windows

Utilizing natural elements, etc.

Windbreak: something that protects a housing site from strong winds Trees and shrubs Garages Walls and fences Homes built in the side of a hill

Step 2:Choose a FLOORPLAN Floorplan – a scale diagram of one or more

rooms as if seen from above

Step 3: The FOUNDATION

Foundation - underlying base of a house Purpose - supports the home

*Poor foundation = poor quality home*

Consists of the footing and foundation walls

Footing - continuous concrete base that supports foundation walls

3 Types of Foundation Construction 1) Basements – “room” like space under a

house 2) Crawl Space – space between the ground

and bottom floor of home 3) Slabs – a poured layer of concrete, about 4

inches thick

Brainstorm: What do you think would be the advantage of each??? (think about topography and others!)

Project

Gingerbread Houses!

DUE Friday!

NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED!

CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN

Bell Ringer 12/3

List the 3 different types of foundations.

Sketch an example next to each one.

Objective

Recognize Components of Construction

Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)

B. Frame

1. Floor

a. Girder

b. Floor joist

c. Sub-floor

2. Wall

a. Studs

b. Header

c. Plates

(1) Top

(2) Sole

(3) Sill

3. Ceiling/Roof

a. Ceiling joist

b. Rafters

c. Ridge

d. Roof truss/truss rafters

Step 4: Floor Frame

Floor frame - “skeleton” of the structure Purpose - Supports the wall and roof materials If frame isn’t constructed properly, the structure

may collapse

Floor Frame Process:

Floor Joists, are long pieces of wood that are placed on top of the girders, which are on top of the foundation walls

A thick layer of plywood is attached to the tops of the floor joists. This is called the “Sub-Floor”

Floor Frame

Girder

End Joist

Joist

Sub-Floor

Floor Frame

Interesting Fact- Squeaky Floors are usually a sign of problems with the SUB-FLOOR

Step 5: Wall Frame

Purpose - supports the ceiling, upper floors, and roof

Also serves as a nailing base for wall finishes Wall Studs - a vertical wall framing piece of wood

Sill Plate– support piece below a window

Sole Plate – support piece above the sub-floor

Header – support above a door or window

Top Plate- support piece at the very top of the wall frame. Usually Double.

Step 6: Ceiling and Roof Framing Purpose – supports the roof Roof Words to know:

Roof Truss Rafter Ceiling Joist Ridge

Ceiling & Roof Frame

Roof Truss – combines a joist and rafters Made in the factory, delivered to the site Come in different shapes (this can provide

more or less attic space)

Rafter – support beams that extend from the exterior walls to the ridge (middle)

Diagonal beam = RAFTER

Horizontal beam = CEILING JOIST TRUSS

Ceiling/Roof Frame Process1) Trusses are built in

the factory, shipped to the site

2) Trusses are stacked on top of the wall frame

3) Trusses are secured to wall frame with small metal plates.

4) Roof frame is completed when covered with strong plywood sheets or other type of wood

House Frame

Video for House Framing:

See if you can see all the Framing steps we have discussed!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-009ddTK_Y

Project

Gingerbread Houses… Start putting them together!

DUE FRIDAY!NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED!

CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN

Bell Ringer 12/4

IT’S MY BIRTHDAY

Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:

A large horizontal member in the floor that supports the load of the floor joists and the weight of the floor above it, is known as a:

A. Girder B. JoistC. Rafter D. Sub-floor

Objective

Recognize Components of Construction

Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)

C. Structural Roofing

1. Shingles

2. Slate/Tile

3. Metal

4. Insulation

a. R-value

b. Blanket

c. Loose fill

Step 7: Roofing

Protects the home’s interior from the weather

Material must be strong and weatherproof Common roofing materials:

Asphalt: most often used because its fire-resistant

Fiberglass Vinyl Wood Clay tile Slate Concrete tile Metal

Shingles:

Thin pieces of material laid in overlapping rows that cover roofs

Applied after nailing black paper on the roof

The heavier the shingle, the longer its life will be.

Flashing

Consists of strips of sheet metal Installed under the

chimney Insulates the roof

from the chimney and prevents moisture from leaking through the roof openings

Water Protection

Gutters and downspouts: carry rainwater away from the foundation of the house

Step 8: Insulation

Material used to restrict the flow of heated or cooled air within a house to the outdoors.

Millions of tiny air pockets that resist the flow of heat through the material

R-value = resistance of a material to heat movement

Shows the capacity to resist winter heat

loss and summer heat gain The larger the R-value, the more resistance

the material has for heat movement.

Types of insulation forms

Blanket Board Loose-fill

Blanket

Available in the shortest rolls

Commonly used in attics, floors, walls, and around pipes and ducts

Board

Higher in R-value per inch of thickness than the other forms

More expensive Used between

concrete and earth, around foundation walls, and on one side of the footing

Loose-Fill

Used in spaces where other types of insulating are difficult to install.

Also used in attics, inside frame walls, in cores of concrete blocks and as filler between other types of insulation

                       

Which Type?

Which Type?

Project

Gingerbread Houses… Start putting them together!

DUE FRIDAY!NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED!

CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN

Bell Ringer 12/5

Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:

Which roofing choice requires stronger rafters and other framing members to support its extra weight?

A. Metal B. ShakesC. Shingles D. Slate/Tile

Project

FINISH HOUSE TODAY

SUBMIT FOR JUDGING

You can come see it at Holly Days Tomorrow

TEST 6.0, 7.0, 8.0

TEST on TUESDAY!! Multiple Choice Diagram of a HOUSE FRAME!

Bell Ringer 12/8

Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:

Which roofing choice requires stronger rafters and other framing members to support its extra weight?

A. Metal B. ShakesC. Shingles D. Slate/Tile

What are the 3 different types of insulation?

Objective

Recognize Components of Construction

Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)

D. Housing Systems

1. Electrical

a. Panel box

b. Receptacles/Ground fault

2. Plumbing

a. Water supply

b. Waste water removal

E. Heating/Cooling

1. Forced air

2. Radiant heat

3. Heat pump

4. Portable

STEP 9: Electrical System

Electricity = movement of electrons along a conductor

Conductor- allows the flow of electrons and is usually a wire (power line)

Electrons follow a path from the source of the electricity to the device and back to the source. This is called a circuit

Ground Wire: electrical conductor that is connected to the earth that one needs to complete a circuit

Reduce Electrical fires and shocks Have household wiring checked every 5

years

Have ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoors

STEP 10: Plumbing System

Water Supply Water is supplied to home from a community

water system Enters the home through the “building main”

pipe Once in home, passes through softener and

filter Then goes through the hot water heater Finally goes to the appliance or fixture

STEP 10: Plumbing System

Waste Water removal Must be removed from the house so that it

does not harm you Pipes are completely separate from water

system pipes Pipes are LARGER than those for water When it leaves the house it goes to either a

septic tank or a community sewer lineDIRTY CLEAN

STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems

Uses electricity, gas, oil or coal Based on availability of source and cost

Forced Air = Air heated by furnace and then delivered to room through supply ducts

STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems

Radiant Heat = Wiring Produces heating Wire placed in ceiling, floor, or baseboards High Electricity costs!

STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems

Central Heat-Pump = Electric refrigeration unit that heats and cools the house

A fan pushes warm/cold air through the house Most efficient system in moderate/mild

climates Higher price, but it pays off in the long run

1.Heat Pump2.Evaporative Coil3.Furnace4.Air Cleaner5.Thermostat

STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Solar Panel System – uses the energy from

the sun to heat the house Saves money and is good for the environment!

STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemTypes of Heat Movement: Conduction

Transfer of heat from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature by direct contact

Convection Transfer of heat by means of air flow Warm air rises to the highest point in a

room/home Radiation

Transmission of heat by means of rays traveling in straight line from a source Example: Sun

STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemCooling Systems: Air conditioners remove excess moisture

while they cool and circulate air Ventilation: supplying a home with fresh

air and keeping air circulating throughout a home

Light colored roof will have a cooling reduction of 20-50 %

TEST

TEST TOMORROW!! 6.0 7.0 8.0

MULTIPLE CHOICE AND DIAGRAM!

Bellringer 12/9

Sit Alphabetically

Review for TEST

12/9

http://home.howstuffworks.com/real-estate/home-construction-videos-playlist.htm

Green Architecture Video After Discuss Sheet, Redesign Classroom for Mrs.

Watkins using solar concepts!