CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

The development of limited government in England

In the 1600s

Biggest Picture1600s

England creates (with much turmoil) a Constitutional Monarchy

(not an absolutist one).

Parliament & a limited Monarch will now rule England.

Bigger Picture1603-1688

* Kings rule arbitrarily

* England’s King and Parliament duke it out for power. The King is Executed

* Parliament Rules with no king

* Kings are restored but cause more trouble

* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!

* Stuart Monarchs 1603+

* England’s King and Parliament duke it out for power. The King is Killed

* Parliament Rules with no king

* Kings are restored but cause more trouble

* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!

Bigger Picture1603-1688

Bigger Picture

* Stuart Monarchs 1603+

* The English Civil War

* Parliament Rules with no king

* Kings are restored but cause more trouble

* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!

Bigger Picture

* Stuart Monarchs 1603+* The English Civil War* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate* Kings are restored but cause more trouble•Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!•Blood isn’t good

Bigger Picture

* Stuart Monarchs 1603+

* The English Civil War

* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate

* The Restoration Monarchs

* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!

Bigger Picture

* Stuart Monarchs 1603+

* The English Civil War

* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate

* The Restoration Monarchs

* The Glorious Revolution 1688!

The Big Picture* The Stuart Monarchs 1603+

– James I – Charles I

* The Civil War (Parliament vs Monarchy)

* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate

– Oliver Cromwell* The Restoration Monarchs

– Charles II– James II

* The Glorious Revolution 1688-89

– William & Mary

Henry VII

James IV m. Margaret Henry VIII

James V Edward - Mary - Elisabeth

Mary Queen of Scots

James VI

STUARTS

James I1603 - 1625

• Scottish!• Divine Right of Kings• Persecutes Puritans• Pro-Catholic Foreign

Policy!!

King James Bible

James I1603 - 1625

• Scottish!• Divine Right of Kings• Persecutes Puritans• Pro-Catholic Foreign

Policy!!

Who is this?

• George Villiers• The Duke of

Buckingham!!

Guy Fawkes??

• Gunpowder Plot• 11/05/1605

Charles I1625-1649

Why We Hate Him! - Arbitrary Rule

Habeas Corpus! - Parliament?

3 years? 11 years???

- War with Scotland!! Episcopal vs Presbytery

The Civil War1640-1649

Parliament vs Charles IRoundheads CavaliersMiddle Class NoblesUrban South Rural

North

Parliament Wins!But a radical faction wins!Eject Opponents –

Rump Parliament Abolish the House of Lords

Charles I Executed 1649

The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell! The New Model Army

REDUCES Rump Parliament (75) to the Barebones Parliament (40) (Praise-God Barebone)

GoalsA Virtuous Republic! Create Christian UtopiaSevere Moral Code

Crushes Political Opposition

The Commonwealth

• No Catholic rituals in the church

• No newspapers• No Dancing• No Theater• Vices? horse racing,

gambling, bear baiting, fancy dress, cock fighting??

The Commonwealth

“ The Puritan hated bear-baiting, not because it gave pain to the bear, but because it gave pleasure to the spectators.“

• Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859)

The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell! Leader of the New Model Army

GoalsA Republic!Create Christian UtopiaSevere Moral Code

Crushes Political OppositionScots, Irish, Levelers, Diggers

DISOLVES PARLIAMENT!!

The Protectorate

Oliver Cromwell Lord High Protector

1653 - 1658

?

The Restoration Monarchs

Charles II1630- (r. 1660 – 1685)

• Father killed in 1649• Fled to Sicily,

Holland, & France• King of the Scots 1651

Charles II1630- (r. 1660 – 1685)

• Popular King• Secretly Catholic?• Accepts

– Magna Carta

– Petition of Rights

– Anglicanism

JAMES II1633 (1685 – 1689)

Foolish

fearless Catholic

Divine Right

Absolutism

Hated, but …

William & Mary

New Wife? Son!

The Immortal Seven

• The Earl of Danby

• The Earl of Shrewsbury

• The Earl of Devonshire

• The Viscount Lumley

• The Bishop of London

• Edward Russell

• Henry Sydney (the writer)

The Glorious Revolution 1689

Constitutional Balance (unwritten)

• Bill of Rights!!

• Religious Tolerance for all protestants

• Act of Settlement– only Anglicans can inherit the Throne– Settle in America and start Baptist church