CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER AN INTERVIEW Chris Kil Midas Rhoda Claire Park Caroline Suh

CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE AN INTER-VIEW Training of the inter-

viewer to avoid in-terviewer affects

Choice of inter-viewer

Planning an inter-viewer guide

QUESTIONS DURING AN INTERVIEW Descriptive- invite participant to give a gen-

eral account of something

Structural- invite participant to give a general account of something

Contrast- Compare events and experiences

Evaluative- asks about the participants feel-ings about someone or something.

DATA RECORDING Taking notes during interview interferes with

eye contact and non-verbal communication Tape/Video recording is used today Taping may affect the situation and the par-

ticipant may feel uncomfortable Considerations

ask participant in advance before the recording offer a copy of the transcript of the interview if

possible explain how the interview is going to be used

TRANSCRIPTION OF THE DATA How to change the interview into written text

Professional transcribers are often used Methods of transcription

Verbatim word for word thematic analysis

Post modern transcripts Includes pauses Intonation Incomplete sentences Etc.

CONTINUED After these postmodern transcripts are fol-

lowed, the researcher should explain the ex-periment and get a consent form signed by the participants

The debriefing of the participants that takes

place should include the aim of the study, methods employed in the study, and the in-conveniences that may occur.

THE INTERVIEW A rapport must be consistent throughout

the interview so that trust and open circum-stances allow the participants to be honest and feel safe.

This goes along with the ethical conduct of experiments

This laid back atmosphere however, should not be used to persuade the participant to reveal things he/she would not reveal other-wise (no taking advantage of the informali-ties)

RECORDING Should the interview be recorded, the record-

ing device should be put somewhere it can record clearly and eye contact must be main-tained between the interviewer and partici-pant.

THE INTERVIEWER The interviewer should use the interview

guide flexibly, but ensure that all important themes are addressed.

Active listening technique: restate the participants comments and integrate them in later questions in order to show that the in-terviewer is listening

Overall, the interviewer should be a good lis-tener, empathic, non-judgmental, and should encourage the participants to develop their viewpoints in their own words.

THE INTERVIEWEE Most people like to be cooperative in a face-

to-face situation. This can affect their answers (they may con-

form and respond as they think the re-searcher would like them to respond

It is important to be aware that people may adjust their responses according to what they consider to be relevant.

Participant expectancy effects of this kind need to be taken into consideration in any in-terview study

AFTER THE INTERVIEW Participant must be debriefed Includes information about how results will be used

and reassuring participants that ethical considera-tions will be observed (confidentiality and anonymity)

Can also include researcher asking participants to read transcripts of interview and give feedback

Post-interview situation – important part of research process and should ensure that participant is fully informed and feels confident

Researcher must accept that the participant has right to withdraw information

example: if participant feels uncomfortable about revealing very sensitive information during interview

CONCLUSION

Before -choosing and training interviewer Creating questions for interviewee Data processing and transcription During - establish rapport between inter-

viewer and researcher After - participant debriefed (ensure)