21st Century Digital literacies

Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester17th December 2012Library presentation

National Teaching Fellow 2012

Outline

• The technological context• Learner experience• Digital literacies• Pedagogical approaches• Disaggregation of education• Learning design• Changing practices

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http://scienceoftheinvisible.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/a-ramble-through-history-of-online.htmlhttp://halfanhour.blogspot.be/2012/02/e-learning-generations.html

Lear

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User generated content

Peer critiquing

Networked

Collective aggregation

Personalised

Open

Technological trends

• Mobiles and e-books• Personalised learning• Cloud computing• Ubiquitous learning• BYOD (Bring your own device)• Technology-Enhanced

learning spaces• Learning analytics

Technologies• Transforming everything we do• New forms of communication

and collaboration• Multiple rich representations• Tools to find, create, manage,

share• Networked, distributed, peer

reviewed, open• Complex, dynamic and co-

evolvinghttp://www.flickr.com/photos/oceanflynn/6638184545/

Technologies for learning

• Audio-graphics• Blogs• E-Books• E-Portfolios• Games• Instant Messaging• Mashups• Mobile learning• Photo sharing

• Podcasts• RSS feeds• Second life• Social bookmarking• Twitter• Video Mesaging• Wikis• Video clips and YouTube• Video chat

Rennie and Morrison, 2012

Learning Management Systems

Content Communication tools

Collaborationtools

Assessment tools

Upload tools

Trackingtools

Library

Finance

Student records

Registration

Timetabling

Conole, forthcoming, UNESCO briefing paper

The MATEL study

• Productivity and creativity• Networked collaboration• Content creation• Visualisation and simulation• Learning Management Systems• Learning environment• Games• Devices, interfaces and

connectivity

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wfryer/462376660/

http://www.menon.org/matel/

Aspects of learning

Individual Collaborative

Creating and accessing content

Learning organisation

Google glasses project

• Can ‘see’ the Internet on glasses

• Context sensitive information

• Context lenses planned

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c6W4CCU9M4

Game changers

• Harnessing the power of new media

• Need to rethink education• Key questions

– How can we reach more learners, more effectively?

– What is the impact of free resources, tools and expertise?

– What new business models are emerging?

– What new digital literacies are needed?

http://www.educause.edu/game-changers

• Technology immersed• Learning approaches: task-

orientated, experiential, just in time, cumulative, social

• Personalised digital learning environment

• Mix of institutional systems and cloud-based tools and services

• Use of course materials with free resources Sharpe, Beetham and De Freitas, 2010

Learner experience

http://www.educause.edu/studentsAndTechnologyInfographic

Digital literacies

• Range of terms and definitions– Information literacies – Digital literacies – Digital competences – E-skills

Digital literacies =Tool knowledge + Critical thinking + Social engagement (Fraser)

www.guardian.co.uk/higher-education-network/blog/2012/may/15/digital-literacy-in-universities

Digital literacies: definition

• Set of social practices and meaning making of digital tools (Lankshear and Knobel, 2008)

• Continuum from instrumental skills to productive competence and efficiency

http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC67075_TN.pdf

IPTS report

• Confident/critical use of technologies for work, leisure and communication

• Digital divide• The network is key• More participatory and

open practices

Educational technology trends

• Social networking skills• Transliteracy skills• Maintaining Privacy• Managing Identity• Creating content• Organising and sharing content• Reusing/repurposing content• Filtering and selecting content• Self broadcasting

http://tinyurl.com/wheeler-DL

Beetham et al. (2009)http://tinyurl.com/beetham_DL

Lea and Jones (2011)http://tinyurl.con/lea_jones_DL

Play

Performance

Simulation

Appropriation

Multitasking

Distributed cognition

Collective intelligence

Judgement

Transmedia navigation

Networking

Negotiation

Jenkins et al., 2006

Digital literaciesCreativity

Transmedia navigation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc

Distributed cognition

Salamon, 1993

Tools and people

Across networks

Networked

Filtering

Personalised

Aggregation

Play

http://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/swift/

Networking

Collective intelligence

Performance

• Digital identity • Degree of openness• Communication and

collaboration

Creativity• Derived from Latin ‘creo’ to

create/make• Creating something new

(physical artefact or concept) that is novel and valuable

• Ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, partners, relationships and create meaningful new ideas, forms, methods, interpretations

http://www.flickr.com/photos/vaxzine/2278300537/

Why is it important?• Essential skill to

deal with today’s complex, fast and changing society

• Discourse and collaboration are mediated through a range of social and participatory media

Technologies

• Can promote creativity in new and innovative ways

• Enable new forms of discourse, collaboration and cooperation

• Access and repurpose knowledge in different forms of representation

• Aggregation and scale – distributed and collective

Augmented Reality Games (ARGs)• Began with a code 91211• Twitter hash tag• Mysterious character Rufus• Series of clues – real and

virtual• Video screen in

Manchester spontaneously playing students’ videos

Helen Keegan

Keynote, Eden Research Workshop, Leuven, 24th October 2012

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qESNQMDupfY

Pedagogical approaches

Drill & practicelearning

Mobilelearning

Situated learning

Immersive learning

Drill and practice learning

Study calendarsE-booksLearning resourcesOnline modulesAnnotation toolsMind mapping toolsCommunication mechanisms

Mobile learning

Situated learning

Archeological digsMedical wardsArt exhibitionsCyber-lawVirtual language exchangeBeyond formal schooling http://www.jibbigo.com/

Immersive learning

Resources Learning pathways

Support Accreditation

Disaggregation of education

http://openclipart.org/

Resources

• Over ten years of the Open Educational Resource (OER) movement

• Hundreds of OER repositories worldwide

• Presence on iTunesU Podcasts - iTunes U

Image by James Cridland

100 million adults can’t afford university (UNESCO)

State of the art in OER

• Builds on a UNESCO conference on HE (09)

• Discourse on policy and practice

• How do institutions reposition themselves in an information rich world where tools and resources are freely available?

http://www.col.org/resources/publications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=412

Combating social exclusion

• Completely open• Free• Education for all• Easy to access and use• Crosses boundaries• Access to new knowledge

and expertise• Aggregation of resources• Sharing ideas and practice• Facilitates the development

of networks

The OPAL metromap

http://www.oer-quality.org/

Evaluation shows lack of uptake by teachers and learnersShift from development to community building and articulation of OER practice

POERUP outputs

• An inventory of more than 100 OER initiatives http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries_with_OER_initiatives

• 11 country reports and 13 mini-reports http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries

• 7 in-depth case studies• 3 EU-wide policy papers

MOOCs

FreeDistributed global community

Social inclusion

High dropout ratesLearning income not learning outcome

Marketing exercisehttp://tinyurl.com/moocascilite

Learning pathways

• Guided pathways through materials

• Can promote different pedagogical approaches– Didactic– Constructivist– Situative– Connectivist

Collaborative Pedagogical Patterns

Support

• Computer assisted• Peer support• Tutor support• Community support• Mentoring

http://www.flickr.com/photos/24289877@N02/5851058394/

Accreditation

www.p2pu.org/en/Peer to Peer University

wikieducator.org/OER_university/OER University

http://openbadges.org/Mozilla badges

Promise and reality

Social and participatory media offer new ways to communicate and collaborate

Wealth of free resources and tools

Not fully exploited

Replicating bad pedagogy

Lack of time and skills

Learning Design

Shift from belief-based, implicit approaches to design-

based, explicit approaches

Encourages reflective, scholarly practices

Promotes sharing and discussion

Learning DesignA design-based approach to creation and support of

courses

ConsolidateEvaluate and embed your design

ConceptualiseWhat do we want to design, who for

and why?

The 7Cs of Learning Design

Course features

Course map

Activity profile

Course features• Pedagogical approaches• Principles• Guidance and support• Content and activities• Reflection and demonstration• Communication and collaboration

Principles

Theory based Practice based Cultural

Aesthetics

Political

International Serendipitous Community based

Sustainable

Professional

Course map

Activity profile

• Assimilative – Reading, viewing, listening

• Information handling• Communicative• Productive• Experiential• Adaptive• Assessment

Cloudworks

Changing practices

• Nature of learning, teaching and research is changing

• It’s about– Harnessing new media– Adopting open practices

• New business models are emerging

http://www.slideshare.net/GrainneConolehttp://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/beyond-distance-research-alliance

grainne.conole@le.ac.ukhttp://e4innovation.com