Congenital Heart Defects

Defects with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow

Atrial Septal Defect

• An abnormal connection between the R and L atria and is illustrated in the diagram.

• Clinical Manifestations- generally asymptomatic- with soft systolic murmur- more classically a widely split S2 unaffected by respiratory pattern.

• Diagnostics- presence of murmur- CXR – cardiomegaly- ECG - demonstrates size of defect.- cardiac death is not routinely indicated for dx of a n isolated ASD.

• Treatment- preoperative interaction- Diuretics- surgical repair is performed in the preschool age.- sternotomy

Ventricular Septal Defect

• Abnormal connection bet R. and L Ventricles.• Clinical Manifestations

- asymptomatic- large defect – CHF- tachypneic, diaphoretic, fatigues easily, underweight for age- tires before feeding is completed.

• Diagnostics- loud holosystic murmur- Normal CXR- large defects (cardiomegaly, increased in pulmonary blood flow)- ECG (shows size of defect)

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

• Direct connection between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta.

• Term newborn – the ductus closes within 12 hours and should be closed by 2-3 weeks.

• s/s- if small : asymptomatic- if large : CHF

Atrioventricular Septal Defects

• Asso. With septal defects in the atrium and ventricle as well as involvement of the AV Valves.

• s/s:- s/s of CHF- with murmur- virtually all are asymptomatic

Truncus Arteriosus

• Single arterial trunk arises from the heart.• s/s:

- cyanosis- w/ s/s of CHF- with loud continuous murmur

- symptoms always develop in the 1st month of life.

Defects with decrease Pulmonary Blood Flow

• Pulmonary Stenosis- refers to narrowing of the pulmonary valve and obstruction to blood flow from the R ventricle to the lungs.- s/s :

- mild to moderate – asymptomatic with mumur

- normal growth- dyspneas, cyanosis

Tetralogy of Fallot