conditionally speaking
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Further Ahead 2011
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKINGAll you need to know about
Conditionals…
By: Virginia VelásquezFor students of Advanced levels.
What IF….?
CONDITION
If x = 3
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
If a particular condition is true, then a particular result happens.
Situation
Circumstance
2x =then 6
If it rains we will get wet
it rainsWe will get wet
if
,
CONDITIONIF
RESULT
RESULT
IF CONDITION
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Types of ConditionalsTypes of ConditionalsCONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
ZERO CONDITIONAL
FIRST CONDITIONAL
SECOND CONDITIONAL
THIRD CONDITIONAL
MIXED CONDITIONAL
Zero ConditionalZero ConditionalCertaintyCertainty
• ““If you heat water to 100 If you heat water to 100 degrees celsius, it boils”degrees celsius, it boils”
“If I don´t drink coffee, I get a headache”If + Present Simple , + Present Simple
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
•Things that are always true•Universal facts
•Personal facts
What happens IF….
You freeze water,
It boils
It turns into ice
Your sister eats shrimps She goes
crazy
A woman says “NO”
And if she says “YES”….
She really means “YES”
She actually means “NO”
She gets an allergy
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Time to practice!
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
First ConditionalFirst ConditionalA real possibility in the futureA real possibility in the future
•Future actions dependent on the result of another
future action or event
““If it rains today, I'll stay at home.”If it rains today, I'll stay at home.”
If I stay at home, I´ll be boredIf + Present Simple, + Will/Other Modals + Base form
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
If she gets good grades,
DEFINITELY
NOT SUREPOSSIBLE BUT NOT LIKELY
OPINIONPOSSIBLE
She will go to college
She should go to collegeShe can go to college
She might/could go to college
She may go to college
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Time to practice!
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Second ConditionalSecond ConditionalImaginary Present or Unlikely FutureImaginary Present or Unlikely Future
•Imaginary situations in the Present
“If I had the time, I would learn Italian”
If you were older, I´d ask you to marry meIf + Past Simple,+ Would/Other Modals +
Base form
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
•Imaginary situations in the Future
If you won the lottery,
If you could fly,
If you had X-ray Vision,
I´d become your best friend!
You would travel to Japan
Your name could be Superman!
I´d ask you to take me everywhere
People would hide from youYou might go crazy!
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Time to practice!
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Third ConditionalThird ConditionalImaginary PastImaginary Past
•Imagining something different from what actually happened
“If I had known that you were in trouble, I would´ve helped you”
I didn´t know, so I didn´t help
If + Past perfect,+ Would/Other Modals + Have + Past Participle
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer
What happened????
What happened????
You didn't save your money, so now you can't
afford a computer.
It didn't snow, so we couldn't go
skiing.
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Time to practice!
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Mixed ConditionalMixed Conditional
If you had taken dancing classes,
If you took dancing classes,
You would´ve been a famous dancer
You would be a famous dancer
3rd
HypothethicalPast
2nd
Hypothetical FutureYou didn´t take the classes, so these are the
consequences, you´re not famous now
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Mixed ConditionalMixed ConditionalIf I were smarter,
I would´ve been able to answer
If I had been smarter,
I would be able to answer
3rd
HypothethicalPast
2nd
Hypothetical Present
I wasn´t smart when I took the test and I am not smart now either, so I couldn´t answer it.
If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now
If her husband had enough money, she would´ve gone on a trip to Hawaii
2nd3rd
2nd 3rd
He didn´t have money then and doesn´t have money now either, so she couldn´t go to any trip
I didn´t take any aspirin, so I have a headache now
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
Time to practice!
CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING
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