1

Computer BasicsChapter One

Chapter One Chapter One

Computer BasicsComputer Basics

Part 1

2

Computer Basics

Computers systems come in many different sizes and shapes, according to the user’s wants and the manufacture’s style.

3

Computer Basics

A notebook computer, sometimes called a “laptop” is gaining popularity due to low power processor chips.

4

Computer Basics

But they all have commonalties.

5

Computer Basics

They all have monitors, as an output device, this one is a CRT (cathode ray tube).

6

Computer Basics

Flat screen LCD (liquid crystal display) type monitor.The same type is used in laptops

7

Computer Basics

A laptop monitor is built into the top cover, LCD type.

8

Computer Basics

A keyboard as an input device.

9

Computer Basics

An ergomatic keyboard.

10

Computer Basics

A laptop’s keyboard is built into the

bottom section.

11

Computer Basics

A mouse, as an input device.

12

Computer Basics

Some keyboards have a trackball (an upside-down mouse) built into them.

13

Computer Basics

Laptops have a type of mouse built in.

Touchpad

Touchpoint

14

Computer Basics

A system unit.

15

Computer Basics

The system unit houses an array of storage and file transfer devices, located in the front panel for easy access.

16

Computer Basics

• A computer’s system unit typically contains circuit boards, a power supply, and storage devices.

– A few wires and cables connect storage

devices to the power supply and circuit boards.

– Ports and sockets to connect to input and

output devices (called peripheral devices).– Fans to cool the components and indicator

lights.

17

Computer Basics

18

Computer Basics

The Main component of a System Unit is the

motherboard, or system board.

19

Computer Basics

20

Computer Basics

• Most of the electronic components inside a computer are integrated circuits (ICs).

21

Computer Basics

A DIP (dual in-line pins) is the most common. DIPs contain specialized support circuitry.

22

Computer Basics

Other ICs are DIMM (dual in-line Memory Modules), Used in RAM (Random Access Memory).

23

Computer Basics

• RAM (Random Access Memory)– volatile memory

– holds ops for more than one cycle

– allows CPU to become a tool

24

Computer Basics

Some are used for ROM (read-only memory) BIOS (basic input/output system).

25

Computer Basics

• ROM (read-only memory) is nonvolatile memory– Holds program instructions after

power off

– Instruction set for startup– BIOS (basic input/output system)

26

Computer Basics

• CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)– permanent as long as battery voltage

is applied

– Holds PC setup

– User intervention

27

Computer Basics

Still other ICs are PGA (pin-grid array) a square chip package used for the main processing circuitry.

28

Computer Basics

The largest processor package is the SEC (single edge contact) cartridge of the Pentium III.

29

Computer Basics

The largest feature of an IC is the lead frame package. The chip of the biggest

IC is the size of your fingernail.

30

Computer Basics

Contained in this chip can be millions of transistors, resistors, and other electronic

components.

31

Computer Basics

Another feature of the

motherboard is the expansion

slots which allows the installation

of input and output expansion

cards for video, sound, and etc.

32

Computer Basics

33

Computer Basics

•ISA (industry standard architecture).

– ISA slots are an older technology, used today for some modems and other relatively slow devices. Many new computers have few or no ISA slots

34

Computer Basics

35

Computer Basics

•PCI (peripheral component interconnect).

– PCI slots offer fast transfer speeds and a 64-bit data bus. These slots typically house a graphics card, sound card, video capture card, modem, or network interface card (NIC).

36

Computer Basics

37

Computer Basics

•AGP (accelerated graphics port).

– Primarily used for graphics cards, and faster than a PCI slot, an AGP slot provides a high-speed data pathway that is particularly handy for 3-D graphics.

38

Computer Basics

39

Computer Basics

Expansion cards simply slide into an expansion slot.

Video card

40

Computer Basics

Sound card

41

Computer Basics

A NIC (network interface card)

42

Computer Basics

43

Computer Basics

Installation of an expansion card is easy, just plug it in.

44

Computer Basics

Expansion cards are added to a laptop by means of a PCMCIA ( Personal Computer

Memory Card International Association) slot.

45

Computer Basics

An external NIC (network interface card), a hard disk, or a modem (modulation-demodulation)

card can be added to a laptop.

46

Computer Basics

47

Computer Basics

To connect a peripheral device to an expansion card, you plug a cable from that

peripheral device into an expansion

port.

48

Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Connects to the Video port

Monitor

15 pins

49

Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Connects to parallel port, which sends data simultaneously over eight data lines at speeds of 12,000 Kbps (kilobits per seconds)

LPT

Printer, external CD-ROM drive, external Zip, external hard drive.

25 pins

50

Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

COM

Connects to serial port, which sends data over a single data line one bit at a time at speeds of 56 Kbps.

Mouse or

Modem9 pins

51

Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Connects to the “FireWire” port,

which sends data at 400,000

Kbps

Video camera, and external DVD drive

52

Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Scuzzy

Connects to SCSI port, which sends data simultaneously over 8 or 16 data lines at speeds between 5 Mbps and 80 Mbps (Mega bits per second).

Can support up to 16 devices in a “Daisy Chain”. Hard drives, scanner, CD-ROM, tape backup.

50 pins

53

Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Universal Serial Bus

Modem, keyboard, joystick, scanner, and mouse.

Connects to USB port, which sends data over a single data line at speeds of 12,000 Kbps.

Supports up to 127 devices.

54

Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Connects to networking port, which sends data over two pairs of data lines at speeds

of 10 to 100 Mbps.

Intranet

RJ-45

55

Computer Basics

• Solid state, transistors and diodes built into an IC.–RAM

–ROM

Memory storage at present fall into three basic categories.

56

Computer Basics

• Magnetic media–Floppy disks

• 3.5”• 5.25”

–Hard disk

–Zip Disk

–Tape

– used for backup

Memory storage at present fall into three basic categories.

57

Computer Basics

• Optical storage media–CD-ROM

• compact disk - read only memory

–DVD

• digital video disc or digital versatile disc

Memory storage at present fall into three basic categories.

58

Computer Basics

Magnetic Media Devices

59

Computer Basics

CD-ROM (Compact disk - read only memory)

File transfer devices

60

Computer Basics

CD-ROM and DVD are similar in constructions, the

DVD rows are closer together

and the holes are smaller.

File transfer devices

61

Computer Basics File transfer devices

62

Computer Basics File transfer devices

63

Computer Basics

Floppy and Zip disk capacities

File transfer devices

64

Computer Basics File transfer devices

65

Computer Basics

A hard disk is located inside the system unit.

File storage devices

66

Computer Basics

Hard disk platters store data in the same manner

as floppy disk

File storage devices

67

Computer Basics

68

Computer Basics

Rough handling or particles on the surface of a disk can destroy it.

69

Computer Basics

The substrate material for floppy disks is a mylar (plastic). The substrate material for the Winchester or hard drive is mainly aluminum.

A finely ground metal oxide (rust) is applied to the substrate as the magnetic media. The same material is used on tape.

70

Computer Basics

Binary

71

Computer Basics

One if by land, and two if by sea

72

Computer Basics

73

Computer Basics

Paul Revere knew if all lanterns were off then the British weren’t coming

74

Computer Basics

Paul knew if one lantern were on then the British were coming by land.

75

Computer Basics

Paul Revere knew if two lanterns were on then the British were coming by sea.

76

Computer Basics

LSD (Least significant digit)

MSD (Most significant digit)

What Paul didn’t know was the position of the lanterns (digits).

77

Computer Basics

If he had known the position of the MSD and the LSD then the binary data could have

contained more information.

78

Computer Basics

Powers of two - lanterns on (1) off (0)

two possible states,

thus the powers of two

79

Computer Basics

21

20

22

23

LSD

MSD

If the Old Church had had two steeples

80

Computer Basics

The maximum number of different units of

information you can convey with n bits is 2n

81

Computer Basics

Four bits of digital data is called a “nibble”.

82

Computer Basics

Six lanterns representing the number 50, if all six were lit then they would represent 63

LSDMSD

Eight bits of digital data is called a “byte”,It is also called a word.

83

Computer Basics

When you press the keys on your keyboard the data is transferred to the computer by digital binary information

in the form of ASCII (American Standard Code for Information

Interchange).

84

Computer Basics

85

Computer Basics

Power on

86

Computer Basics

87

Computer Basics

A 5volt and 12volt power supply furnishes power to the system.

88

Computer Basics POST (power-on self-test)

89

Computer Basics

If you enter advanced BIOS the boot-up can be changed to “C”

90

Computer Basics

Using Windows as an OS (operating System)

91

Computer Basics

92

Computer Basics