comprehensive style guide isss

8/8/2019 Comprehensive Style Guide Isss

1/13

1

COMPREHENSIVE STYLE GUIDE FOR ESSAYS EDITING

INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL SARAJEVO 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2

LAYOUT ..................................................................................................................... 3

Formatting: General ..................................................................................................... 3

GENERAL USE OF ENGLISH .............................................................................................. 4

Spelling, punctuation and capitalisation ...................................................................... 4

Contractions, abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................. 4

Numbers, dates and symbols ....................................................................................... 5Quotations .................................................................................................................... 5

Sensitive language ........................................................................................................ 5

REFERRING TO SOURCES ................................................................................................. 6

Notes ............................................................................................................................ 6

Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 6

Full reference ............................................................................................................ 7

Full references to journal articles ....................................................................... 8

References to manuscript material .................................................................... 8

Shortened form ......................................................................................................... 8

Shortened references to books .......................................................................... 9

Shortened references to journal articles ............................................................ 9

Shortened references to manuscript material ................................................... 9

Citing websites ........................................................................................................ 10

Citing newspaper articles ........................................................................................ 10

Citing cases .............................................................................................................. 10

International Court of Justice ....................................................................... 10

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia .......................... 10

European Court of Human Rights ................................................................. 11

European Court of Justice ............................................................................. 11

WB Arbitration Panel, WTO Arbitration Panel ............................................. 11

National Courts ............................................................................................. 11Citing documents of international organizations ................................................... 11

United Nations Documents in general ....................................................... 11

United Nations Documents ICTY Documents ............................................ 12

United Nations Documents YILC Documents............................................. 12

Other Documents .......................................................................................... 12

Citing treaties .......................................................................................................... 12


2/13


3/13

3

Layout_

1. It is suggested that the layout of the books should be as follows:Table of Contents

AbstractIntroduction

Chapters

Conclusion

Bibliography

Formatting: General_

2. Word limit: Your essays should not exceed 15 pages including the Table ofContents, abstract and the bibliography with 1.5 line-spacing.

3. The file should be saved in a word-processing format, if possible Microsoft Word,and be based on a normal template of Times New Roman, font size 12.

4. Foreign words should be written in italics, unless they have become so commonin English as to be normal English usage, such as vis--vis. Note that Latin usages

such as et seq., passim, inter alia, prima facie, per curiam, ibid., should all be

italicised, and that ibid. has a full stop at the end (it is short for ibidem), as does

etseq., (shortened et sequitur). However, to mean and other things, use etc.

(not italicised, and with a full stop) rather than et cetera. And note that inter alia

is used to mean amongst other things, but the shortened form, et al. (with full

stop) is used for and other things.

5. Headings should not be numbered; their relative importance should be indicatedtypographically, by formatting. This Style Guide is formatted according to the

normal.doc template in Word (available on the toolbar, usually to the left of the

font at the far left hand side of the screen, below File and Edit). This template

style is not particularly elegant, but if it is used to show different levels of

heading, the formatting can then easily be changed by the publishers to fit their

own style. I can provide more advice on its use on request.

6. Chapters should not have a table of contents. If it is desired to set out what is tobe covered, this can be done in an introductory paragraph not usually the first

paragraph of the Introduction, but the end paragraph before moving into the

argument. The style should be narrative rather than a list form.7. Only the authors name, and not their affiliation, should be used to head their

chapter; the rest will appear in the List of Contributors at the beginning of the

book. The editors will decide how much information to use about bibliographic

details, affiliations, previous publications, etc. and will request this separately.


4/13

4

General Use of English_

Spelling, punctuation and capitalisation

4. Authors should consistently adopt UK English spelling conventions, rather thanAmerican English, throughout their typescripts (except in quotations from other

sources, where the spelling convention of the original should be retained).

Please use the -ise form: recognise, not recognize.

5. Punctuation systems should consistently follow English conventions (except inquotations from other sources, where the punctuation convention of the original

should be retained). This style uses single inverted commas, except for

quotations within quotations (which have double inverted commas).

Punctuation should follow closing inverted commas except for grammatically

complete sentences beginning with a capital.

6. The use of capitals should be kept to a sensible minimum.7. When a section of a sentence is to be separated out by a dash this is called a

parenthetical dash there should be a space on either side as in this example and the length of the dash should be the size of a capital N in whatever font is

being used; this is known as an en rule. If it is any shorter, it is a hyphen, not a

dash, and if it is longer, it is the size of a capital M an em rule and should be

used without a space on either side. Microsoft Word will normally turn a hyphen

into an en rule automatically, if it has been typed with a space on either side,

when the next word has been typed and the space bar pressed. (Type word,

space, hyphen, space, word, space and you will find that the hyphen has

become an en rule!)

Contractions, abbreviations and acronyms

8. In the English publishing style contractions will have no full stops (e.g. Mr, St,edn), though abbreviated words, which do not end with their final letter, and

their plural forms, will (e.g. vol., vols., Ed., Eds.) Note that Ed. as a shortened

form of Editor is written with a capital.

9. Acronyms and abbreviations in capitals should have no stops: NATO, USA, EU,BC.

10.The first time an acronym or abbreviation is used, it should be written out in full,with the shortened form in brackets afterwards. This is not necessary in the case

of those acronyms and abbreviations in very common usage: UN, USA, can stand

alone. The year 49 BC does not, for instance, call for an explanation, whereas 49

BCE (before Common Era) might be unfamiliar to some readers.11.Acronyms and abbreviations should not be used in titles or headings.12.Acronyms and abbreviations should be listed, in order to be entered into a table

at the front of the book; it may thereafter be necessary to standardise some

usages.


5/13

5

Numbers, dates and symbols_

13.Numbers should be written out up to 100, except in a discussion that includes amixture of numbers above and below this, in which case all of them should be in

figures (e.g. 356 walkers overtook 72 others, as 6 fell back, exhausted). Numbers

with units should always be given in figures, with a space between the number

and the unit (e.g. 4 cm).

14.Dates should be written in the form: 20 December 1948; 20 December.15.Centuries should be written out (twenty-first century) and 1920s etc. should be

written without an apostrophe.

16.Use per cent in words, rather than %.17.Do not use an ampersand, &, when listing authors; write out and. If there are

three or more authors Smith, Brown and Jones this can be abbreviated to

Smith et al. in the text, and when the shortened form of reference is used (see

below).

Quotations_

18.Quotations should be kept to a minimum and lengthy quotations should beavoided.

19.As a general rule, quotations of more than about sixty words should be set offfrom the main text (indented with extra space above and below). Those of fewer

than sixty words should run on in the text inside inverted commas.

20.Line references should be either numbers alone (78-82), or lines 78-82. Do notuse ll., which can be confused with II or 11.

21.Quotations of prose passages from a foreign language should be given in Englishonly, using either an established translation or a new one of your own.

22.When quotation in a foreign language is essential, it should be followed directly(not in the notes) with an English translation, placed in square brackets.

23.All quotations should be typed in double-spacing (just like the text, the notes,and the bibliography).

Sensitive language_

24.Try to be sensitive in your use of terms that may cause offence, e.g. use NativeAmerican rather than Indian; White and Black are preferable to Caucasian and

Negroid; use humanity, people, humans rather than man to describe the

human race; use him/her or them rather than him (but we prefer that yourewrite to avoid excessive use of him/her).


6/13

6

Referring to Sources_

25.All sources should be referenced so that they may be found again by interestedparties. This includes, as well as authored and edited works, all cases, treaties,

conferences, reports, remarks, quotations, documents, etc.

26.Sources will be referenced in the first instance in the footnotes. The first time asource appears, it will be given in full; thereafter, it can be referred to by the

shortened form, as appropriate. (See below).

27.The reference material from the footnotes will appear in assorted lists, asdescribed in the Layout section of this guide, above. These will include tables of

treaties and cases at the front of the books, and a comprehensive bibliography,

itself divided into sections, at the end. The bibliography will include an

alphabetical list of single-authored works, and likewise a list of edited works, a

journal articles list, a list of websites, and a list of reports and documents. Sundry

material will then be assessed to see whether any of it naturally forms another

list. Please bear in mind the requirement to separate sources into these lists and

provide them yourself where possible; there could otherwise be an enormousamount of work for an editor!

28.Where someone who occupies a particular office is being cited in your work,such as the Secretary-General of the UN, please use the name of the particular

individual: Secretary-General of the UN, Kofi Annan, said , or Kofi Annan,

Secretary-General of the UN, is quoted as believing that . Do not simply refer

to the Secretary-General of the UN, who believes that .

29.English usage employs the late to designate someone who has died: the lateHigh Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr Sergio Viera de Mello. Someone who

is no longer in office would be the former High Commissioner for Human Rights,

Mrs Mary Robinson. Someone who was taking on a role temporarily would be

described, for instance, as the acting High Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr

Bernard Ramcharan.

Notes_

30.Please use footnotes rather than endnotes.31.The use of notes should be kept to a sensible minimum; notes should be as brief

as possible. Source references should be given with as little additional matter as

possible.

32.Notes should be numbered throughout each chapter in an unbroken sequence(3a, as an afterthought, is not acceptable).

33.Op. cit., loc. cit. and idem should not be used as forms of reference, but ibid. maybe used.

34.Authors are reminded that notes are included within the word-limit.Bibliography_

35.Please include a bibliography, containing all the sources cited in the text andnotes and any other important titles that you think should be included. It should


7/13

7

aim to provide a useful and concise reference guide to works relevant to the

subject of your chapter. Where possible, it should be divided into single-author

listings, joint-author, journals, websites, and documents. These will be collated

by the editor, as described above.

36.The form of entries in the bibliography is similar to that for the full reference,(see below), except that the authors surname and first name or initials areinverted. A note usually carries the page number(s) or other specific reference to

the part of the source which is being cited, while the bibliography usually gives

those designating the section of a journal or multi-author volume covered by the

whole of the cited article.

e.g. Runnock, A. T., Medieval fortress building, Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 1976

e.g. Salter, Elizabeth, Piers Plowman and the pilgrimage to truth, Essays and

Studies 11 (1958), 30-48

e.g. Tieje, Arthur Jerrold, A peculiar phase of the theory of realism in pre -

Richardsonian fiction, PMLA 28 (1913), 213-52.

Full reference_

37.A source should be given a full reference the first time it is cited in your notes;thereafter, please use the short-title system (see below). The full reference

should include the following information, in this order:

authors or editors first name(s) or initials

authors or editors surname

complete title (including subtitle, if any)

compiler or translator, if any

series title, if any

edition, if not the original

number of volumes, if applicable

place of publication

publishers name

date of publication

volume number (preferably in roman numbers), if applicablepage number(s)

e.g. A. T. Runnock, Medieval fortress building, new edition, 2 vols. (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1976), vol. I, pp. 135-7.


8/13

8

e.g. G. S. Rousseau and Pat Rogers (eds.), The enduring legacy: Alexander Pope,

tercentenary essays (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 44.

Full references to journal articles_

authors first name(s) or initialsauthors surname

title of the article (in inverted commas)

title of the journal

volume number (in arabic numbers)

date of volume

page number(s), if available (without p. or pp.)

e.g. Elizabeth Salter, Piers Plowman and the pilgrimage to truth, Essays and

Studies 11 (1958), 34-5.

e.g. Arthur Jerrold Tieje, A peculiar phase of the theory of realism in pre-

Richardsonian fiction, PMLA 28 (1913), 237.

References to manuscript material_

(including unpublished theses or dissertations)

authors first name(s) or initials

authors surname

title of document (in inverted commas)

volume or batch number, where applicable

name of collection, if known

folio number, or call number, if known

depositary and where located (or academic institution with date for PhD theses and

dissertations)

e.g. H. R. Southall, Regional unemployment patterns in Britain, 1851 to 1914,

unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge (1984), p. 72.

e.g. Richardson to Lady Bradshaigh, 15 December 1748, Richardson / Bradshaigh

letters, Forster collection, XI, fo. 7, Harvard University.

Shortened form_

38.After the first mention, references to the source in the notes should take ashortened form. A shortened reference includes only the last name of the

author and the short title of the book (containing the key word or words from

the main title, so as to make the reference easily recognisable and not to be


9/13

9

confused with any other work), followed by the page number of the reference.

Thus:

Shortened references to books_

authors or editors surname (no first name or initials unless there is more than oneauthor with the surname)

short title of the book

volume number, if applicable

page number(s)

e.g. Rousseau and Rogers (eds.), Enduring legacy, p. 45.

39.In general, titles of two or three words should not be shortened,e.g. Runnock, Medieval fortress building, p. 74.

Shortened references to journal articles_

authors surname (no first name or initials unless there is more than one author with

the surname)

short title of the article (in inverted commas)

page number(s) (without p. or pp.)

e.g. Salter, 'Pilgrimage to truth', 34-5

e.g. Tieje, 'A peculiar phase', 75.

Shortened references to manuscript material_

(including unpublished theses or dissertations)

authors surname (no first name or initials unless there is more than one author with

the surname)

short title

page number(s)

e.g. Southall, Regional unemployment, p. 72.

e.g. Richardson / Bradshaigh letters, fo. 116.

40.The author may of course be separated from the short title, e.g. in text/footnoteformulations such as:

(As Runnock observes, the fortress inevitably had a secondary religious function.

Medieval fortress building, p. 134.)


10/13

10

Citing websites_

It is the author's responsibility to ensure that any external websites mentioned in

the book are correct and active. Websites should be cited in roman without square

brackets: http://www.cambridge.org.

Citing newspaper articles_

Author, Title, Paper, date, page.

e.g.: A. Lewis, The War Crimes Tribunal Works, International Herald Tribune, 31

July 1995, 5.

Author: if the name of the author is available, cite initials (spaced), not full first

names, and full last name.

41.Title: give the full title in quotation marks. Capitalize the initial word, the wordimmediately following a colon, and all other significant words except articles,conjunctions, and prepositions of less than four letters.

42.Paper: Give the full name, in italics. Note, however, that the definite articleshould not be used except for The Times.

Citing cases_

Case names, of whatever type of court or jurisdiction, are normally given in italics. This

rule includes the colloquial names by which certain cases are known the Hormone

Case, the White Van Case.

International Court of Justice

Full case name (Party v. Party), Phase, Kind of Decision, date, (year) publication, first

page, at page of quote, paragraph.

Examples: Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions Between Qatar and

Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment of 15 February

1995, (1995) ICJ Rep. 6, at 8, para. 4.

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United

States), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment of 26 November 1984, (1984) ICJ

Rep. 500, at 562 (Judge Schwebel, Dissenting Opinion).

Declaration, Separate Opinions: Cite the name of the judge(s) in brackets.

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

Full case name, Kind of Decision, Case number, chamber, date.


11/13

11

Example: Prosecutor v. Tadic, Decision on the Prosecutors Motion Requesting

Protective Measures for Victims and Witnesses, Case No. IT-94-1-T, T.Ch. II, 10

August 1995.

Prosecutor v. Erdemovic, Dissenting Judgment, Case No. IT-96-22T, T.Ch. I., 29

November 1996.

European Court of Human Rights

Party v. Party, Kind of Decision, date of decision, Volume publication (Series), at

para.

Example: Kostovski v. The Netherlands, Decision of 23 May 1989, (1990) ECHR (Ser.

A.), at 221.

Volume number: the year of publication is used as volume number.

European Court of Justice

WB Arbitration Panel, WTO Arbitration Panel

National Courts

Follow the official national style as much as possible. If the result would be unclear,

use the following basic rule.

Party v. Party, (year) or (year) (where volumes are numbered independently of year)

report page (court date).

Example: Argyll v. Argyll (1967) 1 Ch 302 at 324, 332.

US example: Smith v. Jones, 32 JNI 369 (Sup.Ct. 1867).

i.e. Party v. Party, report page (court date).

Case name: use the case name as it appears at the beginning of the decision in the

official reporter. If no name is given, use a popular name or cite as: Judgment of day-

month-year (full date).

Court: use the abbreviated name of the court only if it is well known. If not, cite the

full name of the court. Include, if possible, the exact date of the decision: at least the

year of the judgment should be mentioned.

Citing documents of international organizations

United Nations Documents in general

Author, Title, UN Doc. Number (year), at paragraph.

Examples:


12/13

12

R. Rosenstock, First Report on the Law of the Non-Navigational Use of International

Watercourses, UN Doc. A/CN.4/441 (1993), at 10-11.

UN Doc. S/RES/242 (1967)

UN Doc. A/RES/2625 (XXV)

New citation: UN Doc. A/RES/49/75K (1994)

General Comment 6, HRC, Article 6 (Sixteenth session, 1982), Compilation of General

Comments and General Recommendations adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies,

UN Doc. HRI\GEN\1\Rev.1 (1994) at 6

Author: if the document has a specific author, cite initials (spaced), not full first

names, and full last name.

Title: if the document has a specific title, give full title as it appears on the title page.

Capitalise the initial word, the word immediately following a colon, and all other

words except articles, conjunctions, and prepositions of less than four letters.

Number: use the document number as it appears on the document itself.

Paragraph: the paragraph number follows the document number, not the title, and

is preceded by at.

Resolutions: References to Security Council and General Assembly Resolutions also

include the UN Doc.

United Nations Documents ICTY Documents

Title, UN Doc. Number (year), at page.

Examples: Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Criminal Tribunal for

the Former Yugoslavia, UN Doc. IT/32 (1994), at 67.

ICTY Press Release 25, 13 March 2000, at 2.ICTY Weekly Update 15, 21 August 2000, at 3.

United Nations Documents YILC Documents

Title, year, YILC, Vol. number (Part), at page.

Example: ILC Draft Articles on State Responsibility, 1980 YILC, Vol. 34 II (Part Two), at

75.

Other Documents

For all other documents, follow the official style as used by the organization itself.

Citing treaties_

8. Use the following form to cite a particular treaty article:


13/13

13

Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

(ICESCR); not, e.g., International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

(ICESCR), Article 12.

9. Note in that example the use of the acronym in brackets. This occurs on first use.Thereafter, the treaty is referred to by the acronym, except in titles and major-order headings.

10.There is no need to use hereafter before an acronym; it should be used,however, for a shortened form the Hague Convention II Respecting the Laws

and Customs of War on Land 1907, (hereafter the 1907 Hague Convention).

11.Use the word Article in full, not Art. or art., and always with a capital letter A.12.Use brackets, not full stops, for all sections and subsections, except to refer e.g.

to Article 27.3(a) of the TRIPS Agreement. TRIPS is the only instrument, to my

knowledge, to adopt this form enlightenment on any others welcomed!

13.All treaties, conventions, declarations, charters, and protocols thereto should bereferenced as follows:

Year, full title, (acronym in brackets), reference;

Followed by, where feasible:

year of publication of reference; reference to reprint in ILM; date of entry into force

(or adoption if not yet entered into force).

Examples:

1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), GA Res. 44/25, 44 UN GAOR,

Supp. (No. 49), at 167, UN Doc. A/44/49, (1989), reprinted in 28 ILM 1448 (1989);

entered into force 2 September 1990.

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental

Freedoms (ECHR), ETS 5, 213 UNTS 221; entered into force 3 September 1953.4

4N.b., Council of Europe Conventions and agreements opened for signature between 1949 and 2003 were

published in the European Treaty Series (ETS Nos. 001 to 193). From 2004, this Series is continued by the

Council of Europe Treaty Series (CETS No. 194 et seq.).