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IS 807: Complex Emergencies and Humanitarian Intervention Simon Fraser University

School for International Studies Spring Term 2012

Wednesday 9.30-13.20 (HC 1525) Instructor: Onur Bakiner (obakiner@sfu.ca)

Office Hours: Wednesday 15.00-16.00 (HC 7272) Description:

The notion of complex emergencies is now used widely to describe the multi-faceted character of human suffering, caused by human-made as well as natural factors. World Health Organization defines complex emergencies as a combination of “internal conflict with large-scale displacements of people, mass famine or food shortage, and fragile or failing economic, political, and social institutions.” The key implication is that complex problems require coordinated and innovative solutions that might challenge our existing moral, political and legal understandings. This course explores the threats to human security and wellbeing posed by complex emergencies, the moral and legal justifications for humanitarian intervention, and the extent to which existing post-conflict and post-disaster recovery policies meet the needs of the affected. It is by nature a multidisciplinary course that welcomes students interested in conflict resolution, human rights, environmental politics, and gender and conflict. Students will have the opportunity to put the theoretical and policy debates in proper context by focusing on case studies related to the topics at hand.

Requirements: The grading will consist of response papers (20% of the total grade), presentation of case studies (30%), a final paper (40%), and participation (10%). The participation grade consists of regular attendance as well as active participation in the classroom. Since this is a graduate seminar, much of the course time will be devoted to class discussion. Therefore it is absolutely necessary that each student participate actively. Each student will be asked to make a short presentation on one of the relevant themes of the class. Weeks 11 and 12 are devoted to student presentations on a selected topic (see below). Between January 18 and March 21, each student will contribute reading response papers once every two weeks.

The final paper will be due during the final exam week.

Readings: The readings are a mixture of books, academic articles and field papers. The books that we will refer to extensively (see below) will be available at the SFU bookstore. I will make available online as much of the readings as possible.

Books:

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Bryden, Alan and Heiner Hänggi (eds.), Security Governance in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding, (LIT: Munster, 2005)

Duffield, Mark R., Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security (ZED Books, 2006)

Huyse, Luc, and M. Salter (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict. (Stockholm: IDEA, 2009)

Keen, David J., Complex Emergencies (Polity Press, 2008) Quinn, Joanna R. (ed), Reconciliation(s): Transitional Justice in Postconflict Societies. (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009) Ramsbotham, Oliver Tom Woodhouse, Hugh Miall, Contemporary Conflict Resolution, 3rd Edition (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011) Weiss, Thomas, Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge: Polity, 2007)

Promptness and Excuse Policy: Please make sure to be on time for class. Promptness is an important component of the participation grade, and the instructor reserves the right not to admit students who arrive more than 5 minutes late to class.

Students are allowed to take make-up exams only when they have a serious excuse (e.g. illness or death in the family), and when they bring an official document to prove the excuse (e.g. hospital certification). Academic Integrity: All students taking courses in International Studies are expected to read and understand the University’s policies regarding academic integrity. Cheating and plagiarism will not be tolerated under any circumstance! There are clear rules and regulations of the University to punish offenders of academic honesty. It is possible that you may not know the appropriate rules of citation and quotation; in this case please consult me immediately. Please make sure to read the University policies at: http://students.sfu.ca/academicintegrity.html More resources:

- SFU Library: Identifying and avoiding plagiarism: http://www.lib.sfu.ca/researchhelp/writing/plagiarism.htm

- Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism: A Self-Directed Tutorial http://www.lib.sfu.ca/researchhelp/tutorials/interactive/plagiarism/tutorial/introduction.htm Weekly Outline: January 11: Introduction to the Basic Concepts “Conceptual Building Blocks” in Humanitarian Intervention

“Introduction: The New Development-Security Terrain” and “The Merging of Development and Security” (Chapters 1 and 2) in Global Governance and the New Wars

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“Guidelines on the Use of Military and Civil Defence Assets to Support United Nations Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies” (March 2003).

January 18: Complex Emergencies in the Post-9/11 Context Juha Auvinen and E. Wayne Nafziger, “The Sources of Humanitarian Emergencies,” Journal of Conflict Resolution June 1999 vol. 43 no. 3 267-290. Gelijn Molier, “Humanitarian Intervention and The Responsibility to Protect After 9/11,” Netherlands International Law Review (2006), 53: pp 37-62. United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), 2010 Global Trends, Geneva, June 2011 (http://www.unhcr.org/4dfa11499.html) January 25: Understanding the Causes of Protracted Conflict

Chapters 1-4 in Complex Emergencies “Global Governance and the Causes Of Conflict” (Chapter 5) in Global Governance and the New Wars “Understanding Contemporary Conflict” in Contemporary Conflict Resolution Recommended: Stathis N. Kalyvas and Laia Balcells, “International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict,” American Political Science Review Vol. 104, No. 3 August 2010: 415-429.

February 1: The Basics of Peacebuilding “Introduction to Conflict Resolution: Concepts and Definitions,” “Containing Violent Conflict: Peacekeeping”, “Ending Violent Conflict: Peacemaking,” “Peacebuilding,” and “Conflict Resolution: Theories and Critiques” in Contemporary Conflict Resolution Chapters 1 and 12 in Security Governance in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Chapter 8 in Complex Emergencies

Recommended: Part Two in Kimberly A. Maynard, Healing Communities in Conflict: International Assistance in Complex Emergencies. Columbia University Press, 1999. Available at: http://library.northsouth.edu/Upload/Healing%20Communities%20in%20Conflict.pdf

February 8: Humanitarian Intervention (1): Yesterday and Today “The Ethics of Intervention” in Contemporary Conflict Resolution

Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 in Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge: Polity, 2007) Ruben Berrios, “Government Contracts and Contractor Behavior,” Journal of Business Ethics (2006) 63: 119–130 Roundtable: Libya, RtoP, and Humanitarian Intervention in Ethics & International Affairs Volume 25 Issue 03 pp. 251 - 292 Recommended:

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Norrie MacQueen, Humanitarian Intervention and the United Nations (2011). Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=313313&loc=&srch=undefined&src=0

February 22: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons “Introduction” and “Conclusions and Policy Implications” in Kelly M. Greenhill, Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion and Foreign Policy. Cornell Studies in Security Affairs, 2010. E-book available at:

http://site.ebrary.com/lib/sfu/docDetail.action?docID=10457705 Country studies in the UNHCR Global Report 2010. Available at:

http://www.unhcr.org/gr10/index.html#/home Elizabeth Ferris: “Internally Displaced Persons: A Neglected Issue on the International Agenda,” New Routes 2008 (4): 10-14. Recommended:

MJ Toole and RJ Waldman, “The Public Health Aspects of Complex Emergencies and Refugee Situations,” Annual Review of Public Health (1997) 18: 283-312.

February 29: Transitional Justice / Restorative Justice “Reconciliation” in Contemporary Conflict Resolution Chapters 1 and 13 in Reconciliation(s) Chapters 9 and 10 in Security Governance in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding

March 7: Role of NGOs, Academia and the Media “The New Humanitarianism” (Chapter 4) in Global Governance and the New Wars Alexander Cooley and James Ron, “The Political Economy of Transnational Action among International NGOs,” in Advocacy Organizations and Collective Action, eds. Aseem Prakash, Mary Kay Gugerty. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Chapter 4 in Security Governance in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Chapters 6 and 7 in Complex Emergencies Recommended:

Hans-Martin Jaeger, “‘Global Civil Society’ and the Political Depoliticization of Global Governance,” International Political Sociology Volume 1, Issue 3, pages 257–277, September 2007 March 14: Food Security and Environmental Issues

“Environmental Conflict Resolution” in Contemporary Conflict Resolution Christophe Golay, “The Food Crisis and Food Security: Towards a New World Food Order?” International Development Policy Series, Volume 1 2010, pp. 215-232 Andrew S. Natsios & Kelly W. Doley, “The Coming Food Coups,” The Washington Quarterly (2009) 32(1): pp. 7-25. Chapter 5 in Complex Emergencies

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International Symposium, “Food Security in Complex Emergencies: Building Policy Frameworks to Address Longer-term Programming Challenges”. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/009/ae409e.htm Recommended:

“Climate Change’s Impact on Food and Water Security,” Interview with Dr. Madhav Nalapat; “Water Scarcity And Conflict: What Are The Issues?” Dr. Anders Jägerskog; “The Importance of a Multi-Sectoral Approach to Food and Nutrition Security in Africa,” Dr. Jessica Fanzo and Dr. Paul Pronyk; “Food, Water and Energy Security: How We Can Be Better Research Partners With Developing Countries,” Dr. Andrée Carter (pgs. 100-114 at Africa: Development Aid). Available at:

http://www.ia-forum.org/Files/ForumReport%20Spring2010%20Africa.pdf March 21: Gender and Conflict

“Gender in Conflict Resolution” in Contemporary Conflict Resolution Margaret Urban Walker, “Gender and Violence in Focus: A Background for Gender Justice in Reparations,” in Gender and Violence in Focus: A Background for Gender Justice in Reparations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin (2009). Available at: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511596711&cid=CBO9780511596711A010

Recommended: Laura J. Shepherd, “Women, Armed Conflict and Language – Gender, Violence and Discourse,” International Review of the Red Cross 01 March 2010 92: pp 143-159 March 28: Case Studies 1

April 4: Case Studies 2 April 11: Conclusion

Chapter 9 in Complex Emergencies “Conclusion: Global Governance, Moral Responsibility and Complexity” (Chapter 10) in Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security