Kiriga Fred Course: Medicine & Surgery

Kenyatta University(Kenya)

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Table of Contents Definition of Terms Background History Of CAM The CAM Concept Types of CAM

Alternative Medical Systems Mind and Body interventions Biologically based therapies Manipulative and body based therapies Energy therapies

Reasons for increased use of CAM Kenyan Status Conclusion Question and Answer

Definitions

CAM Health care systems not considered part of

conventional medicine. There is overlap

Complementary medicine -use of CAM together

with conventional medicine. Alternative medicine- use of CAM in place of

conventional medicine Integrative medicine -combines both

conventional and CAM

Historical Origin of African traditional medicine Herbs Special diet Super natural powers Beneficial taboos/ routines Bad Omens Blessings

Historical Origin of CAM- Japan 1990- at Kieju G Hospital , a

patient with genital warts.

Prognosis: Hard to cure. Patient

feels pain after surgery.

Day of operation: lesion had

completely disappeared

Reason: Fermented coix seeds.

CAM Concept.

Mind , body and spirit are not separate Holistic approach to medicine

TYPES OF CAM

1. ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS Evolved earlier than the conventional systems currently in use. They include,

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Ayurvedic medicine Naturopathy Homeopathy . Shamanism

YIN and YANG

Qi is viewed as either yin or yang energy. Opposites and complementary, Health= Balance Disease/Illness= imbalance.

Ginger root is

often used in

traditional

Chinese medicine

to treat symptoms

of indigestion, the

common cold, and

other ailments.

Traditional Chinese medicine is an ancient practice still used by millions of people all over the world even after the development of modern scientific medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine

pathy NATUROPATHY Natural laws Disease=Ignoring natural laws Examples Sedentary lifestyle without adequate time for

exercise; exposing oneself to environmental toxins; eating processed, overcooked foods; engaging in negativity or harboring negative

thoughts; and not getting adequate rest or relaxation.

Naturopathy- use of natural treatments, such as exposure to sunlight, fresh air and a healthy diet of organically grown foods.

Ayurveda is defined as the "science of life" or the "art and science of life and longevity

Proper exercise, yoga, bio-individual nutrition/cooking methods, meditation and herbal regimens are designed according to each individual's prakruti (constitution) and vikriti (current imbalance).

Ayurveda places great

importance on the

maintenance of health through

dietary and lifestyle practices.

Homeopathy Cinchona bark cause malaria

Onions cause flu like symptoms

Homeopathy

The Law of Similars-a natural substance that produces a given symptom in a healthy person will cure it in a sick person.

The Law of Infinitesimals-the smallest dose possible will have the desired effect.

Shamanism Illness originate in

the spirit world. Shaman has

access which is done on behalf of the community, and return to “ordinary reality” with information on the proper treatment.

2. MIND AND BODY INTERVENTIONS

Uses variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind’s capacity to affect bodily functions and symptoms .They include:

Meditation Prayer Mental healing Therapies that use creative outlets such as art,

music or dance

Meditation:

reduces stress,

lowers blood pressure

alleviating the symptoms of

epilepsy.

Transcendental

Meditation

It is a simple, natural,

effortless procedure

practiced 20 minutes

twice each day while

sitting comfortably

with the eyes closed

Religion based healing practices, such as use of prayer and the laying of

hands in Christian faith healing, rely on belief in divine intervention for

healing.

These creative arts

therapies contribute to all

areas of health care and

are present in treatments

for most psychologic and

physiologic illnesses

.

The arts therapies

contribute to humanization

and comfort by:

relieving stress, anxiety,

easens pain of patients and

caregivers

3. BIOLOGICALLY BASED THERAPIES They use substances found in nature such as

herbs foods and vitamins Some examples; Dietary supplements Herbal products Other natural but scientifically unproven

therapies like using shark cartilage to treat cancer

Infusion

Decoction

Liniment

Poultice

Capsules

Hypertension - Maybe fried, roasted, soaked in vinegar for 30 minutes, or blanched in boiled water for 15 minutes. Take 2 pieces 3 times a day after meals.

Toothache - Pound a small piece and apply to affected area

Bawang/Garlic

Ampalaya

Diabetes Mellitus

(Mild non-insulin

dependent)

Chopped leaves then boil in a glass of water for 15 minutes. Do not cover. Cool and strain. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day after meals

Akapulko

( Cassia, alata L.)

Anti-fungal (tinea flava, ringworm, athlete’s foot and scabies) Fresh, matured leaves are pounded. Apply soap to the affected area 1-2 times a day

Bayabas/Guava

( Psidium guajava L.)

For washing wounds - Maybe use twice a day Diarrhoea - May be taken 3-4 times a day As gargle and for toothache - Warm decoction is used for gargle. Freshly pounded leaves are used for toothache. Boil chopped leaves for 15 minutes at low fire. Do not cover and then let it cool and strain

Bark of the cinchona tree used in malaria treatment

Artemisinin (Wormwood) for

Malaria to Cancer treatment.

4.MANIPULATIVE AND BODY BASED THERAPIES They are based on manipulation or movement

of one or more parts of the body e.g Chiropractic/osteopathic manipulation Massage therapies Others include craniosacral therapy,

reflexology,

Manipulation of the spine affects a supernatural vital energy that influences health and disease

5.ENERGY THERAPIES

Acupuncture

In Chinese acupuncture it is believed that insertion of

needles affects the flow of energy influencing disease

Factors that contribute to consumer’s desire for CAM

Dissatisfaction with the conventional health care system The rapid pace and ease of information sharing

Growing evidence of effectiveness

Cont’d

Easy to understand and familiarize with

Non invasive with few side effects

Cheap ( ballooning medical expenses)

KENYA

… A national policy, laws and

regulations on TM/CAM are being developed No national office or expert

committee has been established Kenya Medical Research

Institute(1984)

…

Herbal medicines are not regulated in Kenya There is no registration system for

herbal medicines Herbal drugs are not included on

the essential drug list. Herbal medicines in Kenya are

sold without restriction.

LOLIONDO MEDICINEMAN FROM TANZANIA

Conclusion

There is increased popularity and usage of traditional medicine all over the world

Encompassing this form of medicine in health care provide the patients with a wide variety of options to choose from.

CAM is cheap, locally available everywhere and can help a country save billions of shillings used to purchase the conventional medicine

There is need for every country to come up with national bodies that regulates the practice of CAM

QUESTIONS?

COMMENTS ANSWERS

THANK YOU