W.E.B. DuBoisBooker T. Washington

Marcus Garvey

Booker T. Washington• Accommodation

• Tuskegee Institute

• Autobiography, Up From Slavery

WEB DuBois National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)“The organization stands for the rights of man, irrespective of color or race, for the highest ideals of American democracy, and for reasonable but earnest and persistent attempts to gains these rights and realize these ideals”.

Crisis – NAACP newspaper

Wrote The Souls of Black Folk

Marcus Garvey• Universal Negro Improvement

Association (UNIA)

• Pan-Africanism

• Envisioned a black nation and empire

“I regard the Klan, the Anglo-Saxon clubs and White American societies, as far as the Negro is concerned, as better friends of the race than all other groups of hypocritical whites put together.”

Marcus Garvey

“Marcus Garvey is, without doubt, the most dangerous enemy of the Negro race in America and in the world. He is either a lunatic or a traitor.”

WEB DuBois

“We have been dying for the last five hundred years – and for whom? For an alien race. The time has come for the Negro to die for himself. We pledge our lifeblood, our sacred blood, to the battlefields of Africa.”

Garvey

“Now is the accepted time, not tomorrow, not some more convenient season. It is today that our best work can be done and not some future day or future year. It is today that we fit ourselves for the greater usefulness of tomorrow.”

DuBois

“Among a large class, there seemed to be a dependence upon the government for every conceivable thing....How many times I wished then and have often wished since, that by some power of magic, I might remove the great bulk of these people into the country districts and plant them upon the soil – upon the solid and never deceptive foundation of Mother Nature, where all nations and races that have ever succeeded have gotten their start – a start that at first may be slow and toilsome, but one that nevertheless is real.”

Washington

“The equality in political, industrial and social life which modern men must have in order to live, is not to be confounded with sameness. On the contrary, in our case, it is rather insistence upon the right of diversity; - upon the right of a human being to be a man.”

DuBois

“I knew that, in a large degree, we were trying an experiment [Reconstruction]--that of testing whether or not it was possible for Negroes to build up and control the affairs of a large education institution. I knew that if we failed it would injure the whole race.”

Washington

“To have built up a new organization, which was not purely political, among Negroes in America was a wonderful feat, for the Negro politician does not allow any other kind of organization within his race to thrive.”

Garvey

“Make Africa a first-rate power, a first-rate nation, and if you live in Georgia, if you live in Mississippi, if you live in Texas, as a black man I will dare them to lynch you, because you are an African citizen and you will have a great army and a great navy to protect you.”

Garvey

“The wisest among my race understand that agitations of social equality are the extremist folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing.”

Washington

“We have been cheerfully spit upon and murdered and burned. If we are to die, in God’s name let us perish like men and not like bales of hay….kill lecherous white invaders in their homes and take your lynching like a man. It’s worth it!”

DuBois

“One ever feels his two-ness, -- an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. It is a peculiar sensation this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes if others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of the world that looks on in amused contempt and pity.”

DuBois

“In all things that are purely social, we can be as separate as fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.”

Washington

“They tell us that God is white. That is a lie. They tell us that all of His angels are white, too. To my mind, everything that is devilish is white. They told us that the devil was a black man. There isn’t a greater devil in the world than the white man.”

Garvey

“For now nearly twenty years we have made ourselves mudsills for the feet of this Western world. We have echoed and applauded every shameful accusation made against 10,000,000 victims of slavery. Did they call us half-beasts? We nodded our simple heads and whispered: “We is.” Did they call our women prostitutes and our children bastards? We smiled and cast a stone at the bruised beasts of our wives and daughters. Did they accuse of laziness 4,000,000 seating, struggling laborers, half-paid and cheated out of much of that? We shrieked: “Ain’t it so?” We laughed with them at our color, we joked at our sad past, and we told chicken stories to get alms.”

DuBois

“A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.”

Garvey