Comparing CO2-Emsissions Comparing CO2-Emsissions of European Countriesof European Countries

•General-Impact on Environment-Global CO2-Emissions-Kyoto-Protocol-Climate Index

•Sweden•Germany•Switzerland•France

StructureStructure

Impact on EnvironmentImpact on Environment

Global CO2-EmissionGlobal CO2-EmissionOrigin and ReasonOrigin and Reason

CO2-Emission and Variation CO2-Emission and Variation of the Kyoto Protocolof the Kyoto Protocol

Climate IndexClimate Index

- shows effort to reduce emissions shows effort to reduce emissions

-- 1.-3. place isn‘t placed-> no country is active 1.-3. place isn‘t placed-> no country is active enoughenough

- within the ranking of the OECD (Organisation for within the ranking of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) and Economic Co-operation and Development) and the ranking of the EU the places are the samethe ranking of the EU the places are the same

Rang Land Punktzahl4 Brasil 70,55 Sweden 69,96 Norway 67,07 Germany 67,08 Great Britain 65,99 France 64,610 India 64,111 Mexico 64,012 Malta 63,813 Switzerland 63,614 Portugal 63,4…16 Hungary 61,8

Climate Index 2011Climate Index 2011

RankingRanking

SwedenSweden

Emissions of SwedenEmissions of Sweden

CO2-Emissions in SwedenCO2-Emissions in Sweden

CO2-emissions of Sweden currently: 69,6 mio. CO2-emissions of Sweden currently: 69,6 mio. tons (in comparison: CO2-emissions of the UK: tons (in comparison: CO2-emissions of the UK: 634,8 mio. tons)634,8 mio. tons)

Sweden is the country with the lowest CO2-Sweden is the country with the lowest CO2-emission of the EUemission of the EU

ReasonsReasons

• CO2 tax in 1991

• Initial payment: 27 €/CO2 ton. Today’s

payment: 108 €/CO2 ton

• Reduction of CO2-emissions by 9%

Pros and Cons of the CO2 TaxPros and Cons of the CO2 Tax

PROS Reduction of CO2-emissions by 9 % constant and easy to handle revenue by the state money for citizensMore energy gained from water and alternative sourcesNo affection of overall economic growth by the tax

CONTRASAn Emphasis on nuclear energy has been required

Does a CO2 Tax Make Sense for Does a CO2 Tax Make Sense for Entire Europe?Entire Europe?

• CO2 tax does not affect economic growthCO2 tax does not affect economic growth

• Swedish example as a model for entire Europe if Swedish example as a model for entire Europe if alternative energy is also implemented in a alternative energy is also implemented in a general strategygeneral strategy

GermanyGermany

= 45.8 %

= 20.8%

=18.1%

= 5.1%

= 10.2%

total

CO2-Emissions of GermanyCO2-Emissions of Germanyin million tons (2007)

Energy Business

Industry

Traffic

Trade and Service

Household

Recent SituationRecent Situation

CO2-Emission of 2009 about 27% beneath CO2-Emission of 2009 about 27% beneath levels of 1990 levels of 1990

reached aim of 2005reached aim of 2005

fulfilled Kyoto Protocolfulfilled Kyoto Protocol 216 mio tons of CO2 216 mio tons of CO2 direct emissions direct emissions 406 mio tons of CO2 406 mio tons of CO2 indirect emissions indirect emissions

Aim & Measures Aim & Measures Aim:Aim: getting levels of CO2-Emissions 40% by getting levels of CO2-Emissions 40% by

2020 beneath those of 19902020 beneath those of 1990

Measures:Measures: Government aid for users of renewable energyGovernment aid for users of renewable energy Consultation of companiesConsultation of companies ““Cleaner cars”Cleaner cars” Storage of CO2Storage of CO2 ““Emission badge”  Emission badge” 

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

The country with the enviroment friendly energy production

42.8 mio t CO242.8 mio t CO2 1990 – 2010 -8% of CO2-emissions1990 – 2010 -8% of CO2-emissions -7.6 % in 2009 -7.6 % in 2009 39.8 mio. t CO239.8 mio. t CO2 Cut down +2% Cut down +2%

Aims/ Kyoto ProtocolAims/ Kyoto Protocol

Reasons:Reasons: CO2 free energy productionCO2 free energy production CO2 PoliticsCO2 Politics Voluntary matters of privat and economy sector Voluntary matters of privat and economy sector CO2-charge, if culinary matters are no effective CO2-charge, if culinary matters are no effective

enoughenough Climate methods :„EnergieSchweiz“ Climate methods :„EnergieSchweiz“

„Leistungsabhängige Schwerverkehrsabgabe“ „Leistungsabhängige Schwerverkehrsabgabe“ (LSVA)(LSVA)

FranceFranceSituation, Ranking and GoalsSituation, Ranking and Goals

Country-Ranking Concerning Country-Ranking Concerning EmissionsEmissions

per country per personper country per person

in Mtin Mt in t in t

1.China1.China 6028 6028 4,6 4,6

2.USA2.USA 57695769 19,1 19,1

3.Russia3.Russia 15871587 11,2 11,2

4.India4.India 13241324 1,2 1,2

5.Japan5.Japan 12361236 9,7 9,7

6.GER6.GER 798 798 9,7 9,7

7.Canada7.Canada 573 573 17,4 17,4

8.GB8.GB 523 523 8,6 8,6

per country per person per country per person

in Mtin Mt in t in t

9.South Korea 489 10,1 9.South Korea 489 10,1

10.Iran10.Iran 466 6,6 466 6,6

11.Mexico11.Mexico 438 4,1 438 4,1

12.Italy12.Italy 438 7,4 438 7,4

13.Australia13.Australia 396 18,8 396 18,8

14.Indonesia14.Indonesia 377 1,7 377 1,7

15.France15.France 369 5,8 369 5,8

Measures Taken by FranceMeasures Taken by France

--AimAim: France and Brasil want to reduce their : France and Brasil want to reduce their emissions by 50% until 2050emissions by 50% until 2050

--MeasuresMeasures: : -use of atomic power (has no Co2-emissions)-use of atomic power (has no Co2-emissions)-environmental tax (Bonus-Malus-System)-environmental tax (Bonus-Malus-System)-CO2-tax (17€ per one t of CO2)-CO2-tax (17€ per one t of CO2)-use of more solar energy, wind energy,…-use of more solar energy, wind energy,…-interset-free eco-credits-interset-free eco-credits-support of companies that use clean energy-support of companies that use clean energy

Sarkozy and Lula da Sarkozy and Lula da Silva(Brasil) Silva(Brasil)

Goal: Green RevolutionGoal: Green Revolution

SourcesSources

http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Presse/pm/2010/12/PD10__4destatis/Internet/DE/Presse/pm/2010/12/PD10__465__85,templateId=renderPrint.psml65__85,templateId=renderPrint.psml

http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Navigation/Publikationen/STdestatis/Internet/DE/Navigation/Publikationen/STATmagazin/Umwelt2007__12,templateId=renderATmagazin/Umwelt2007__12,templateId=renderPrint.psml__nnn=truePrint.psml__nnn=true

http://www.germany-tourism.co.uk/driving_in_gerhttp://www.germany-tourism.co.uk/driving_in_germany_low_emission_zones.htmmany_low_emission_zones.htm

http://www.bfe.admin.ch/themen/00526/00530/00http://www.bfe.admin.ch/themen/00526/00530/00532/index.html?lang=de532/index.html?lang=de

http://www.germanwatch.org/klima/en.htmhttp://www.germanwatch.org/klima/en.htm

Thanks for your Thanks for your attention!attention!