Colonialism and Tribal Societies• Group members - Mrinal jyoti Barman Nabadip Sarkar Sourav jyoti kalita Arnab Jyoti Saika Manas Pratim Das Archita Sharma Anisha Sharma

The wealth ,resources and spices of India attracted many western traders. Such as the Portuguese, the Dutch, the English or the British, the French etc .Among them the British appeared to be most powerful. As the time passed this trading company established their control all over India. With the arrival of the British a lot of changes took place in the Indian society. It changed the face of India completely. Every spheres of the Indian society was influenced by them. It affected the rural and tribal society of India very much. The face of the Indian tribal society was completely changed by them.

Impact

British policyIt was a big changes in Tribal life. for the

encroachment of forest lands by the people of the plains and the British, tribal economy and society were adversely affected.

Commercialisation of agriculture, tightening of government control over forest zones for revenue purposes and utilization of forest wealth for the benefit of the urban population resulted in the penetration of tribal areas by outsiders.

Changes in tribal life

British colonization brought changes in tribal society and economy . Several factors are identified which have brought about changes in the tribal cultures. Measures undertaken by the govt., communication facilities, spread of education , process of urbanization, occupation and many more. All these factors have lead to degeneration of tribal life and tribal arts like dance, music, livelihood etc.

Construction of railway tracks, British policies, revolts, threatened the tribal way of life and affected the settlement pattern and survival modes of Indian tribes.

About The TribesA tribe is a group of people united by a common

name, culture, linguistic and territorial ties.Tribes in India form a important part of total

population. It represents an element in Indian society which is integrated by the culture of our civilization. The tribal population of India constitutes nearly 8% of total population. There are number of tribes in India spread over different parts of the country from the foot hill of the Himalayas, the lands tip Lakshadweep and from the plain of Gujarat to the hills in the northeast. The name of tribes like the kurumbas, the panga in south India, the santhals , the vhil in central India, the Bodo, the Ahom in northeast India; are found in old classical literature.

REVOLTS OF THE TRIBEThe British Wanted the tribals to settle in one place so

that it would be easier for them to control us. They introduced land settlements for a regular supply of

revenue. The British declared all forests a state property and classified certain forest as reserved and the tribals

weren’t allowed to cultivate hunt or gather fruits in these areas. The tribals eventually protested against these laws. The revolt of Songram Sangma in Assam in 1906 and the forest Satyagraha in the central provinces in 1930 were

two such major revolts against British. It also affected the lives of tribals greatly as they were exploited by

moneylenders and traders. By the 19 century , many traders and moneylenders started coming to the forests

for purchasing forest produced, offering loans and obtaining cheap laborers………………

The 19 century saw many tea plantation and mines coming up in different parts of India. Since the forest were now under the British, many tribals were forced to leave the homes and work in this plantations and coal mines.

The British rule also affected tribal chiefs .

The chiefs enjoyed administrative and economic powers earlier but now had to

follow the rules laid down by the Britishers, pay tribute to the British officers and stop

practising their traditional functions.

Good Impact Of The British ON The TribeThe British rule brought many changes to the Indian society.

It also had some good impact in the tribal society. When the British started constructing missionaries in the tribal places many tribals came out of the jungles. The missionaries had put a very good impact on the tribes ,specially on their language. After the establishment of the missionaries, the tribals got an language for all that is the English language. For which today it is easy for us to communicate with the tribals. Moreover when the tribals came out of the forests we got to know about their culture, their food habitat, their living style etc. The tribals got to know about the world outside the forest and today they are living with unity between us.

Bad impact of the British rule on tribesThe British rule had an impact on the different

spheres of the society. It had an very bad impact on the tribal society. The tribes were made labourers of the British. They lost their freedom and could not do anything. Their lands were taken away from them and the forest that once belonged to them was not theirs any more. They could not hunt or collect timber from the forest that once belonged to them. They lost their the real taste of their culture.

Tribes year Chuars 1768 & 1832 Bhils 1818-1848 Kolis 1824 -48 Khasis 1829-32 Kols 1831-32 Koyas 1840-80 &1922-4 Khonds 1846-48 & 1855 Santhals 1855-56 Naikada 1858-59 & 1868 Kachha Nagas 1882

Some Tribal movement from : 1765-1919

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