colonial south trade, slavery, and the emergence of a settler society
TRANSCRIPT
COLONIAL SOUTH Trade, Slavery, and the Emergence of a Settler Society
THE CAROLINAS
1663 8 proprietors
6 directors of Royal African Company
Colony named Carolina in honor of Charles II
1670 Charles Town
Indian Trade
Indigo, Rice and Sea Island Cotton
African slaves
THE FUNDAMENTAL CONSTITUTIONS
Attempted to establish feudal manors with quitrents
Farmers refused to work on the large manors or pay quitrents
Some early agriculture but were mainly founded on trade in “slaves and skins”
INDIAN SLAVE TRADE
INDIAN SLAVE TRADE
Dominates the economy for first 75 years of colony
Indian slaves taken by more powerful Indian groups were traded with the English for guns and sent to the sugar plantations in the West Indies
Rice and Indigo did not become a commodity until the 18th century
THE LOWER SOUTH, 1660-1730
Carolinas
Georgia
Planters
Debtors
CHARLES TOWN PORT
SOUTHERN COLONIES
CROPS OF THE CAROLINAS
RICE & INDIGO EXPORTS
TUSCARORA WAR, 1711
YAMASEE WAR, 1715
JAMES OGLETHORPE
GEORGIA
Founded in 1732 as a buffer between the Carolinas and the Spanish settlements
Penal colony
Social reformers sought to help English poor
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER1. What impact did Tomochichi have on the Georgia
Colony?
2. Explain two ways Mary Musgrove assisted the Georgia colonists
1733 SAVANNAH
WHITE OVER BLACK?
Why race based slavery? Some considerations and arguments, although the debate is quite
varied and still a matter of contention:
Concepts of “otherness” and inferiorityColor, especially the concept of “black” as having a connotation of sinister, foul, or malignant
Biblical citations of HamNeed for ready labor in a land that was abundant
CULTURE OF POWER
Between “Kings” and “Slaves” lay a hierarchical chain of being in which every single person had an assigned place and defined role.
Robert Olwell, “Masters and Slave, and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country”
TOWARDS A BLACK MAJORITY “Unlike white servants, Negroes could be held for unlimited terms, and there was no means by which word of harsh or arbitrary treatment could reach their homelands or affect the further flow of slaves.”
Peter H. Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina
4 CORNERS OF LAW IN THE COLONIAL
SOUTH:GodKing
MastersMarket
WHAT WAS THE PLANTATION? A place of production
A little kingdom of rice, money, and power
What else was it?
By the late 17th century, Virginia had a plantation economy in search of a labor force, whereas South Carolina had a labor force in search of a plantation economy
THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION “The plantation’s distinguishing mark was its peculiar social order, which conceded nearly everything to the slaveowner and nothing to the slave. In theory, the planters’ rule was complete. The Great House, nestled among manufactories, shops, barns, sheds, and various other outbuildings, which were called, with a nice sense of the plantation’s social hierarchy, ‘dependencies,’ dominated the landscape, the physical and architectural embodiment of the planters’ hegemony. By the masters’ authority radiated from the great estates to the statehouses, courtrooms, countinghouses, churches, colleges, taverns, racetracks, private clubs and the like.”
Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America
RACE IS A SOCIAL HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTION “Slavery in itself continually changed… Slavery was never made, but instead was continually remade, for power– no matter how great– was never absolute, but always contingent.”
Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America