C o a x i a l C a b l e sC o a x i a l C a b l e s

Name Adeel khurramRoll# 2kx3-O2Class BS-IT

Name Adeel khurramRoll# 2kx3-O2Class BS-IT

History Of Coaxial Cable• Coaxial cable was invented

by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880. the discovery is then fell into obscurity for many years because surely there was nothing to make pass in a coaxial cable !! The real discovery and its actual use dates back to 1929 due to the need for a more efficient andwith less interferences conductor for the transmissions of many telephone channels on a single "carrier".

Introduction to Coaxial cableIntroduction to Coaxial cable

• Perhaps none of us have never thought that the development of radio communications would never have been possiblewithout the invention of coaxial cable, it is continuously used in our applications that we don’t think about that. Coaxial cable, or coax is a type of that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis.

Structure Of Coaxial Cable• Coaxial cable conducts electrical signal using an inner conductor (usually a

solid copper, stranded copper or copper plated steel wire) surrounded by an insulating layer and all enclosed by a shield, typically one to four layers of woven metallic braid and metallic tape. The cable is protected by an outer insulatingjacket.

Normally, the shield is keptat ground potential and a voltage is applied to the center conductor to carry electrical signals. The advantage of coaxial design is that electric and magnetic fields are confined to the dielectric with little leakage outside the shield.

• Coaxial cable conducts electrical signal using an inner conductor (usually a solid copper, stranded copper or copper plated steel wire) surrounded by an insulating layer and all enclosed by a shield, typically one to four layers of woven metallic braid and metallic tape. The cable is protected by an outer insulatingjacket.

Normally, the shield is keptat ground potential and a voltage is applied to the center conductor to carry electrical signals. The advantage of coaxial design is that electric and magnetic fields are confined to the dielectric with little leakage outside the shield.

Uses of coaxial Cable• Coaxial cable is used as a transmission line for radio frequency

signals. Its applications include feedlines connecting radio transmitters and receivers with their antennas,computer network (Internet)connections, and distributingcable television signals. One advantage of coaxial over other types of radio transmission line is that in an ideal coaxial cable the electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists only in the space between the inner and outer conductors. Coaxial cable also provides protection of the signal from external electromagnetic interference.

Connectors • The ends of coaxial cables usually terminate with connectors.

Coaxial connectors are designed to maintain a coaxial form across the connection and have the same impedance as the attached cable.Connectors are usually plated with high-conductivity metals such as silver or tarnish-resistant gold. Due to the skin effect, the RF signal is only carried by the plating at higher frequencies and does not penetrate to the connector body. Silver however tarnishes quickly and the silver sulfide that is produced is poorly conductive, degrading connector performance, making silver a poor choice for this application

• The ends of coaxial cables usually terminate with connectors. Coaxial connectors are designed to maintain a coaxial form across the connection and have the same impedance as the attached cable.Connectors are usually plated with high-conductivity metals such as silver or tarnish-resistant gold. Due to the skin effect, the RF signal is only carried by the plating at higher frequencies and does not penetrate to the connector body. Silver however tarnishes quickly and the silver sulfide that is produced is poorly conductive, degrading connector performance, making silver a poor choice for this application

Signal LeakageSignal Leakage• Signal leakage is the passage of electromagnetic fields through the

shield of a cable and occurs in both directions. Ingress is the passage of an outside signal into the cable and can result in noise and disruption of the desired signal.

Egress is the passage of signal intended to remain within the cable into the outside world and can result in a weaker signal at the end of the cable and radio frequency interference to nearby devices. Severe leakage usually results from improperly installed connectors or faults in the cable shield.

Types of Coaxial Cable

• Cat 3 UTP and STPCategory 3 UTP and STP (Cat 3) include applications as voice (telephony) or data (up to 10 Mbps).More commonly Cat 3 is used on a networks for cable segments to workstations or printers. Cat 3 isnot recommended for data installations since its maximum bandwidth of 10Mbps is rapidly beingexceeded by many LAN technologies.

Types Types (continue)(continue)

Category 5 UTP and STPCategory 5 UTP and STPApplications for Category 5 UTP and STP include Applications for Category 5 UTP and STP include voice (telephony) or data (up to 100 Mbps, or withvoice (telephony) or data (up to 100 Mbps, or withcertain technologies, 1000 Mbps). Cat 5 is certain technologies, 1000 Mbps). Cat 5 is sometimes used as a backbone; however is sometimes used as a backbone; however is restricted torestricted to100 meters in length. It is currently the most 100 meters in length. It is currently the most popular cabling for connecting workstations andpopular cabling for connecting workstations andhorizontal cable runs due to its low cost, high horizontal cable runs due to its low cost, high bandwidth, relative ease of installation, and ease bandwidth, relative ease of installation, and ease ofoftermination with RJ-45 connectors.termination with RJ-45 connectors.

Category of coaxial cables

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