By:

Christina Vaughan(Gender Ro les , Verba l R i tua l s /Trad i t ions , Open-ended quest ions , communica t ion concept , c i ta t ions)

Erika Smith( In forma l -Nonverba l use o f C loth ing)

Dawnnitta Smith(Forma l -Nonverba l use o f C loth ing, communica t ion concept )

Youa Xiong(Nonverba l R i tua l s /Trad i t ions , In t roduct ion , Conc lus ion , Presenta t ion organ iza t ion and format , open-ended quest ions , h i s tory , New Zea land Today , communica t ion concept , c i ta t ions)

NEW ZEALAND

The purpose of this presentation is to have a better understanding of New Zealand and their culture through various verbal and non-verbal communication.

In this presentation you will see the diff erent gender roles, formal and informal nonverbal use of clothing, and verbal and nonverbal rituals/traditions.

Culture is defined as a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that is shared by a group of people and shaped from one generation to the next (pg. 150).

CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

First discovered and settled by Polynesians who developed the Maori culture

The fi rst European explorer to discover New Zealand was Abel Janszoom Tasman on December 13, 1642

In 1840 the treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and many Maori chiefs bringing New Zealand into the British Empire thus giving Maori equal rights with British citizens.

HISTORY

The country is about 1,243 miles from AustraliaThe capital is Wellington, in the North Island. In 2011 the total population is estimated at 4.4

millionThe five largest cities are Auckland (with 1/3 of the

country’s population), Christchurch, Wellington, Hamilton, and Tauranga.

The majority of the country’s population is European descent at 69%.

The Maori is the largest minority at 14.6%.English, Maori, and New Zealand sign language are

the offi cial languages with English being the predominant language.

NEW ZEALAND TODAY

By:Christ ina VaughanGENDER ROLES

Gender roles in the Maori Culture of New Zealand have very specific duties due to their sex. Women of the Maori culture are responsible for telling stories and are in charge of the songs and dances. The Blue Book of Communication suggests that “Women, research suggests, tend to use communication for the purpose of relating or connecting with others, of extending themselves to other persons to know them and to be known by them” (pg. 144). This holds true for Maori women because song, dance and storytelling is what makes relationships and it is also used as a way to develop lasting friendships. Men on the other hand have a completely different way of expressing themselves through communication. According to The Blue Book of Communication, “Men tend to talk to accomplish something or complete a task” (pg. 144). Maori men are considered to be warriors and protectors of their families. They are very straight to the point when it comes to social interaction and are very selective during the exchange of conversation. They are responsible for difficult tasks that require more physical labor in contrast to women’s verbal duties.

GENDER ROLES

This greeting is called hongi; they press their noses together. It is believed that their spirits mingle through this.

Women out number men due to their longer life expectancy

They are responsible for taking care of the family and for cooking

Women were not allowed to be near the carvers or carve at all because of their menstrual cycle

Women are in charge of the songs and dances and are responsible for the stories to get told.

MAORI WOMEN

Men are warriors and are considered to be superior over women

They are responsible for clearing the ground for farming purposes

Men do all of the deep-sea fishing

They are the designated carvers.

MAORI MEN

Marriage partners are chosen by one’s father

Divorce is very common and the process easy to do

The male is the leader of the family.

Children are greatly desired and it is common for a Maori family to have many children to assist with chores

FAMILY LIFE

NONVERBAL USE OF CLOTHING

(INFORMAL)

By:Erika Smith

Typically casual clothes are worn.

Land of extremes, all weather conditions can occur in one day.

INFORMAL WEAR IN NEW ZEALAND

Hot weather In New Zealand occurs in November-March.

Informal clothing Light cotton clothing Shorts and skirts Sun hats Swim wear

NEW ZEALAND: SPRING & SUMMER

Cold weather in New Zealand occurs during April-October

Informal clothingWool clothing Gloves, hats, and scarvesLong pantsCoats

NEW ZEALAND: FALL & WINTER

Casual footwear weather permittingSneakers Walking shoesSandals

NEW ZEALAND INFORMAL FOOTWEAR

By:Dawnnitta Smith

NONVERBAL USE OF CLOTHING (FORMAL)

One on the largest forms of nonverbal communication is clothing. Outside of keeping our bodies warm and protected, clothing conveys one’s self or culture. For the Maori people their clothing represents the cultures strength. From the clothing themselves (shirt, belt, skirt or kilt) to the designs used, they all are a representation of the culture, families within, and individual status. The lively colors and designs called Taniko, typically represent a family or sub-tribe. They wear this symbol proudly and celebrate the longevity of their blood lines. The Kakahu or cloaks represent status and are passed down through generations. The more feathers on a Kakahu, the greater the value and the more respect is given. Just like with the American culture, the better the suit the more it is assumed that that person is of higher status.

For important and ceremonial occasions Maori dignitaries, members of the emperor family, selected Heads of State, members of concert groups, and people who have been awarded the entitlement to wear traditional clothing.

NONVERBAL USE OF CLOTHING

KAKAHU

Kakahu is the name for Maori traditional cloaks.

Even though Kakahu are part of the traditional Maori attire, only those with high prestige are allowed to wear them.

Feather Cloaks called Kahu Huruhuru are the most highly prized as a family and personal heirloom. Their l inings are made from strips of dog skin with hair attached.

Taniko designs can be found on kakahu (cloak) and Pari (bodice)

On a kakahu the taniko is found at the bottom

On some pari taniko designs are based on a square or rectangular shape with the dominant design motif worked in the centre front

Some are based on multiple recurring diamond designs aligned vertically in the style of the whakarua kopito (two points) classification of taniko designs, and others are narrow horizontal design strips.

Taniko designs have special signifi cance because they symbolize family, tribe, and/or sub-tribe and can often be seen on costumes worn during a cultural presentation or festival.

TANIKO DESIGNS

RITUALS/TRADITIONS(VERBAL)

By:Christ ina Vaughan

Traditionally, Maori people are accustomed to greeting guests with a song which is sang in Maori

The guest must be prepared for this display by having a designated person (the caller) to respond to the hosts song. The song tells a story of ones homeland

This exchange in song displays mutual respect from both the host and the guest.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SONG

Oral tradition in the Maori Culture is greatly valued.

Proverbs are used to set guidelines and ethics for people. When one seeks advice from an elder, they often are told a proverb.

Some examples of traditional proverbs are:

-“The more you ask how much longer it will take, the longer the journey seems”

-”Many stars cannot be concealed by a small cloud”

MAORI PROVERBS

By: Youa XiongRITUALS/TRADITIONS

(NONVERBAL)

According to “The Blue Book of Communication”, artifacts affect how we feel about ourselves and how we are perceived by others (pg. 95). The Maori culture of New Zealand display a nonverbal ritual with their facial tattoos which states their status. If someone from a different culture were to assume differently without understanding nonverbal communication, they would then judge the Maori culture based on their assumptions.Kinesics is a general term for human movements, gestures, and posture (pg. 95). The Maori culture communicate nonverbally with kinesics through their traditional Haka dances.

The head was considered a very sacred part of the body; therefore the head was mainly the only body part that was tattooed.

Tattoos were only for the high ranked Maori. Those who went without them were seen as a person of no social status.

Tattooing starts at puberty and makes a warrior attractive to a woman as well as marking rites of passages and important events in that person’s l ife.

Facial tattoos basically were their identity card. It showed their rank, status, and ferocity.

Females were usually only tattooed on the lips and chin.

TATTOOS

Back in the day, War Haka was performed before a battle to proclaim their strength in order to intimidate their opponents.

Now, the Haka dance is done for amusement, welcoming guests, or to acknowledge achievements or special occasions.

The dance is a posture dance that involves vigorous movements, stamping feet, and shouting rhythmically.

Other actions include: facial contortions, slapping of hands against the body, cries, and grunts.

All these actions have their way of expressing courage, annoyance, joy, and or other feelings relating to the purpose of the occasion.

HAKA DANCE

Each member’s contribution to this presentation included: Christina Vaughan

(Gender Roles, Verbal Rituals/Traditions, Open-ended questions, communication concept, citations)

Erika Smith (Informal-Nonverbal use of Clothing)

Dawnnitta Smith (Formal-Nonverbal use of Clothing, communication concept)

Youa Xiong (Nonverbal Rituals/Traditions, Introduction, Conclusion, Presentation organization and

format, open-ended questions, New Zealand History, New Zealand Today, communication concept, citations)

In order to have better communication with New Zealand’s culture, one must have a clear understanding of their gender roles, informal and formal use of clothing, and verbal and nonverbal r ituals/tradit ions. In doing so, you wil l be able to adapt to their culture easier and not have culture shock but intercultural communication. Often t imes people may assume certain things about a culture without actual ly knowing the culture fi rst and this may create barriers between cultures. But i f someone takes the t imes to understand their culture in various ways, it wil l prevent such things from happening. That is why cultural communication is so important.

IN CONCLUSION…

The indigenous people of New Zealand are the Maori people; they l ive off of the land and l ive in a very tight knit community. If  everyone in the US adopted this way of l i fe, would it be successful? Explain.

Low income schools in New Zealand are funded by the government, not by property taxes; so you think that government funding is the answer to supplementing educational expenses or should it be tax payers responsibil ity? Why?

In New Zealand, the Maori use tattoos as a way to show their status, rank, ferocity, and as well as markings of important events in their l i fe. In my culture (Hmong), tattoos are frowned upon and are seen as a rebell ious action. What are some things seen as good in the American culture, but bad in your culture and why?

De Facto relationships are very common in New Zealand which means that children are commonly raised by an aunt or other close relative while the single parent works. Do you think this eff ects a child's upbringing in a negative or posit ive way?

QUESTIONS

Beate C isse . ( 2008) New Zea land Vacat ions in West Auckland. [05/28/2012] h t tp : / /www.new-zea land-vacat ions- in -west -auckland.com/famous-proverbs .html

  Beebe, S . A. , Beebe, S . J . , & Ivy , D. K . (201) . The Blue Book o f Communicat ion Stud ies

(TCC Custom Ed i t ion ed . pg . 53, 95, 158, 159) . Boston: A l lyn and Bacon.   Freshman Eng l ish C lass o f Mrs . E . Fe ier tag . (2004) Maor i Gender Ro les . [05/17/2012]

http : / /o rg .newtr ier.k12. i l .us /academics / facu l ty / fe ier tag/113/Maor i%20Pro ject /Maor i%20Pro ject%202004/Per iod%207/group4/Maor i%20Pro ject .h tm

New Zea land Aotearoa (2009) . “New Zea lands In format ion Network” . Retr ieved May 20, 2012 f rom Bing.com: ht tp : / /www.b ing.com/ images/search?q=maor i+people&view=deta i l& id=FCBDDB4044EEBDA35EB254AC252EA611860D161F&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR

Nurs ing 322. “Maor i Fami ly” . Ret r ieved May 20, 2012 f rom Bing.com: ht tp : / /nurs ing322sp10.fi les .wordpress .com/2010/03/ fami ly1 . jpg

(n .d . ) . Ret r ieved f rom Wik iped ia : h t tp : / /en .wik iped ia .org /wik i /H is tory_of_New_Zea land

(n .d . ) . Ret r ieved f rom Wik iped ia : h t tp : / /en .wik iped ia .org /wik i /Demograph ics_of_New_Zea land

(n .d . ) . Ret r ieved f rom Wik iped ia : h t tp : / /en .wik iped ia .org /wik i /Haka 

REFERENCES

Paul Po lk inghorne (2012) . “Maor i People and Thei r Cul ture” . Retr ieved May 19, 2012 from Bing.com: http: / /www.bing.com/ images/search?q=maor i+people&view=detai l& id=FCBDDB4044EEBDA35EB254AC252EA611860D161F&fi rst=0&FORM=IDFRIR

Rex (2010) . “The Te legraph”. Retr ieved May 20, 2012 from Bing.com: http: / /www.bing.com/ images/search?q=maori+people&view=detai l&id=FCBDDB4044EEBDA35EB254AC252EA611860D161F&fi rst=0&FORM=IDFRIR

Smith, Jenni fer. (2006) . "Panda Images." Retr ieved May 31, 2011, f rom Onl ine Images, Onl ine Images.com: http: / /www.onl ine images.com/pandapics.html

Throng Media (2006) Ins ide New Zealand - Sex Wars, Explor ing NZ Sexual Pol i t ics , Thursday Apr i l 19. Throng. [05/19/2012] http: / /www.throng.co.nz/2007/04/ ins ide-new-zealand-sex-wars-explor ing-nz-sexual -pol i t ics - thursday-apr i l -19/

Unknown. (1996) Cul ture of New Zealand . Countr ies and Their Cul tures . [05/15/2012] http: / /www.everycul ture .com/Ma-Ni /New-Zealand.html#ixzz1v0sqxepC

  Whitmorr , R. (n.d. ) . The Maor i . Retr ieved from New Zealand in History:

http: / /h istory-nz.org/maor i3 .html

REFERENCES (CONT.)