Presented by Kelli Pfau, Ryan Shearon,

Martin Smith, Katherine Spencer, Deandrea Walker,

Linda VanRavenswaay

May 29, 2012

THE NEW ZEALAND

CULTURE

PRESENTATION TOPICS

NEW ZEALAND

Geography (Ryan Shearon)

History & Politics (Martin Smith)

Rituals (Katherine Spencer)

Music & Art (Deandrea Walker)

Religion (Kelli Pfau)

GOAL OF PRESENTATION: Share information about facets of life in New

Zealand by exploring the history of the people and their customs. Discuss first

inhabitants of the island – Maori tribes - with special emphasis on both verbal and

non-verbal communication concepts of appearance, diversity and cultural values.

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Ryan Shearon

Group Project #5

GEOGRAPHY OF NEW ZEALAND

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Auckland on North Island - largest city in the country

NEW ZEALAND: North and South Island

Physical Geography LOCATION: South Pacific Ocean, roughly 1,250 mi

southeast of Australia

New Zealand runs roughly north-south, with mountain

ranges down much of its length.

SIZE: 268,680 sq. km (about the size of Colorado).

POPULATION: 4,367,800 est. (World Book 2012) (about 80%

of people live in cities)

POPULATION GROWTH RATE: 1.02%

CLIMATE: Temperate, with sharp regional contrasts.

Different regions can range from tropical to Antarctic.

TERRAIN: Predominately mountainous with some large

coastal plains.

CAPITAL: Wellington

LIFE EXPECTENCY: 78.66 years. Male-75.67

years, Female-81.78 years.

NATURAL RESOURCES: Natural gas, iron

ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone.3

ISLANDS: North Island and South Island as well as: Stewart

Island, Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty

Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec

Islands.

NEW ZEALAND: North and South IslandFacts

It is not unlikely to experience all 4 seasons in one day in most

regions of New Zealand.( new-zealand-nz.net)

Christchurch is considered to be the driest area, located in the

South Island.

Auckland is considered to be the wettest area, located in the

North Island.

Before the arrival of the Maori (1,000 years ago), 80% of New

Zealand was covered with forests.

This was home to many, now extinct, animals such as the

Moa (first inhabitants; large flightless bird) and the

Haast‟s Eagle.

The Kiwi, Kakapo, and the Takahe are considered as endanger

and unique to New Zealand.

There are no known snakes unique to New Zealand but one

spider:

The Katipo: venomous, quite rare, and found on costal

regions.

North and South Islands separated by the Cook Straight.

New Zealand‟s unique landscape and variety of landforms is

due to its position atop the grinding plates of the pacific Rim

of Fire. (newzealand.com)

CHRISTCHURCH

AUCKLAND RAINFOREST

NEW ZEALAND: NORTH ISLAND Consists of nine regions:

Auckland, Northland, Gisborne, Bay of

Plenty, Waikato, Manawatu-Wanganui, Hawke's

Bay, Wellington, and Taranaki. (new-zealand-nz.net)

Almost 90% of Maoris live on the North Island.

Particularly around Northland, Auckland and

Waikato.

Relatively sub-tropical climate.

receives more than 2,000 hours of sunshine a year.

Temperature hovers at an average of 11º C.

Considered the 14th largest island in the world.

Population around 3,000,000.

With the rest of New Zealanders living on the

South Island.

Home to New Zealand‟s capital: Wellington.

The most culturally diverse city in New Zealand.

Home to the longest river: The Waikato (425km long)

Home to the largest lake: Lake Taupo

Positioned above a geothermal system, causing heat to

rise up and manifest in the form of bubbling mud

pools, hot springs, and volcanoes.

(blog.hostelbookers.com)

WAIOTAPU THERMAL AREA

MAORI FAMILY

NEW ZEALAND: SOUTH ISLAND

The South Island has seven regions:

Marlborough, Canterbury, Nelson,

Otago, Southland, Tasman, and the

West Coast.

Considered the Worlds twelfth largest island

(151,215 sq. km).

Home to New Zealand's biggest mountain:

Mt. Cook.

Two-thirds of the South Island is

mountainous (newzealand.com).

South Island has 21 ski fields where as the

North Island has only 4

(blog.hostelbookers.com).

Home to nine of New Zealand‟s fourteen

national parks.

Home to all 10 of New Zealand‟s highest

mountains (including Mt. Cook).

Home to New Zealand‟s five largest glaciers.

Home to 4 of New Zealand‟s 5 largest lakes

Home to roughly ¼ of New Zealanders.

“Te Wai Paunamu,” meaning “the water of

greenstone (Maori new-zealand-nz.net).

FRANZ JOSEF GLACIER

PANCAKE ROCKS AT PAPAROA

NATIONAL PARK

HISTORY & POLITICS OF

NEW ZEALAND

Martin Smith

Group Project #58

Captain James Cook

Maori people arrived in New Zealand from

eastern Polynesia

HISTORICAL TIMELINE 800 AD - Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand.

1642 – Dutch explorer, Abel Janszoon Tasman, sails into New Zealand

waters. Encounter between Māoris and Europeans is violent, leading to

bloodshed

1769 - British captain James Cook explores coastline, also in 1773 and 1777

1815 - First British missionaries arrive

1840 - Treaty of Waitangi between British and several Maori tribes pledges

protection of Maori land and establishes British law in New Zealand.

1845-72 - The New Zealand Wars, also referred to as the Land Wars. Maori

put up resistance to British colonial rule

1893 - New Zealand becomes world's first country to give women the vote.

1907 - New Zealand becomes dominion within British Empire

1947 - New Zealand gains full independence from Britain

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1853 - House of Representatives‟ first 37 members are elected

1854 - First Parliament meets in Auckland

1876 - Provinces are abolished, leaving central government as the single

legislative authority. Hundreds of local bodies soon came into being.

1893 - Universal suffrage is introduced for women aged over 21 (including

Māori). New Zealand becomes the first self-governing country to grant

the right to vote to all adult women.

1901 - Commonwealth of Australia is established. New Zealand has

declined on several occasions to become a member.

1902 - New Zealand adopts its official national flag.

1953 - New Zealand‟s name changes in official usage to the „Realm of

New Zealand‟

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POLITICAL HISTORY

NEW ZEALAND

RITUALS

Katherine Spencer

Group Project #511

Anzac Day Poppy

Powhiri: Maori Man and Woman

Traditional Dress

POWHIRITHE MAORI WELCOME

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Ceremony of welcome involving speeches, dancing, singing

Spiritual or religious journey where gods, heaven and earth are

acknowledged, ancestors remembered and kinship ties reinforced

Commonly seen in everyday New Zealand life

Signifies two groups coming together, negotiating the terms of their

engagement and finishing with guests joining their hosts as one

Can happen anywhere that tangata whenua (hosts) wish to formally

greet manuhiri (visitors)

Frequently takes place in the workplace to welcome new staff

and important guests

POWHIRIBASIC ELEMENTS

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Ceremony may vary according to the Occasion and the Tribal Area

Basic Pōwhiri includes the following elements:

Karanga is a unique form of female oratory in which women bring a range of

imagery and cultural expression to the first calls of welcome (and response).

Important role of women during the Powhiri reflects the sacredness of their

role within Maori culture.

Whaikōrero (formal speeches) follows the karanga. Skilled speakers craft the

language into a series of verbal images. Protocols for whaikōrero during

pōwhiri are determined by the kawa (practices) of the marae or local iwi if

the Pōwhiri is not held on a marae.

Women performing Karanga

POWHIRI BASIC ELEMENTS

(CONT)

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Waiata (song) is sung after each whaikōrero by the group the orator represents.

Common to hear traditional waiata during Pōwhiri.

Koha (gift) - generally an envelope of money - is laid on the ground by the last

speaker for the manuhiri. Local kuia (female elder) may karanga as an

expression of thanks. A male from the tangata whenua will pick up the koha.

Hongi (pressing of noses) signifies the joining together of tangata whenua and

manuhiri. Tangata whenua invite the manuhiri to come forward to shake hands

(hariru) and hongi.

Hākari (feast) - a shared meal - usually signifies the end of the Pōwhiri.

ANZAC DAY CEREMONY – APRIL 25

Military funeral - Filled with Solemnity and Symbolism

Uniformed service personnel standing motionless around a memorial,

with heads bowed and weapons reversed

Bier of wreaths laid by the mourners

Chaplain reading the words from the military burial service

Firing of three volleys

Playing of the Last Post

Followed by a prayer, hymn, and benediction

Red Poppy – Symbol of Remembrance

People of all ages wear a red poppy as a mark of remembrance for the

men and women who died in the course of service for their country

Poppies are a vivid reminder of the sacrifice - the blood lost - in war.

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NEW ZEALAND

MUSIC & ART

Deandrea Walker

Group Project #516

Wood Carving Tattoo Art

Pūtōrino Wind

Instrument

New Zealand Art includes traditional Maori - developed

from Polynesian art forms. Recent forms take their

inspiration from Māori, European and other traditions.

Maori visual art consists primarily of four forms:

Carving - done in three media – wood, bone, and stone

Tattooing - permanent body and face marking

Weaving - used to create numerous things, including wall panels in

meeting houses, as well as clothing and bags (kete) Painting - not an important art form. Used mainly as a minor

decoration in meeting houses

Introduction of European paints allowed traditional painting

to flourish - brighter and more distinct colors could be

produced

ART

17Maori Art

PERFORMANCE ART

Kapa haka - term used to describe Maori performance art Incorporates singing, dancing and facial expressions

Every action has a meaning, which ties to the words

Songs (waiata) are sung solo, in unison or at the octave Include lullabies (oriori), love songs (waitata aroha) and laments (waiāta

tangi)

Traditional to end a speech with a song Smaller, traditional wind instruments used by Māori provided a unique

sound

The poi (swinging tethered weights through a variety of rhythmical and geometric patterns) provided a rhythmic accompaniment to waiāta

European missionary influence led to the harmonization that

characterizes modern Māori music today

18 Kapa haka Ceremony

INSTRUMENTS – TAONGA PUORO

Traditional musical instruments of the Maori people fulfilled many functions

including a call to arms, dawning of the new day, communications with the

gods and the planting of crops. Significant in sacred ritual and story-telling role.

Koauau - small flute, ductless and notchless – made of wood or bone

Putorino - carved from a solid piece of wood, split in half

lengthwise, hollowed out like two small waka and lashed together with flax

cord or similar substitute for binding

Nguru - small vessel flute made of wood, soapstone or bone - shaped like a

whale's tooth.

Pūkaea - traditional Maori trumpet made of wood

Pūtātara - traditional Maori conch shell trumpet

Pahū Pounamu - made of wood and a jade / greenstone gong

Pūrerehua - made of bone, wood or stone - blade-like and swung on a long

cord

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NEW ZEALAND RELIGION

Kelli Pfau

Group Project #520

New Zealand South Island Church

EARLY MAORI RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

Maori Tribes held an essentially spiritual view of the universe

Practiced a form of paganism

Tapu – Supernatural concept of mana (respect/authority) derived from the

gods.

Supreme god known as Io

Two primeval parents, Papa and Rangi - eight divine offspring

Haumia - the god of uncultivated food

Rongo - the god of peace and agriculture

Ruaumoko - the god of earthquakes

Tawhirimatea - the god of weather

Tane - the father of humans and god of forests

Tangaroa - the god of the sea

Tu-matauenga - the war god

Whiro - the god of darkness and evil

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MAORI RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

Religion Practitioners Senior deities had a Priesthood ( tohunga ahurewa) Responsible for all esoteric rituals

Knowledgeable about genealogies and tribal History

Believed to control the weather

Ceremonies Public rites performed in the open, at the marae

Gods offered first fruits of all undertakings

Slaves were occasionally sacrificed to propitiate them

Incantations ( karakia ) chanted in flawless repetition to influence the gods

Death & Afterlife Dying and dead taken to a shelter on the marae

Body laid out on mats to receive mourners - hapu or tribal groups

Spirits of the dead made voyage to final abode - a mysterious underworld

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NEW ZEALAND RELIGION

Missionaries introduced Christianity to the Maori - 19th century

Christian prayer (karakia) - start and end Māori public assemblies

Prayers begin new projects, enterprises and personal journeys

New religions in 19th and 20th centuries merged several aspects of

Christianity with traditional and non-traditional Māori belief

Includes the power of Ratana church

Christmas and Easter - major Christian events

50% of Population is Christian

Freedom of religion - protected by Treaty of Waitangi - 1840

“God Defend New Zealand” - National Anthem of the country

Ratana Chuch

CONCLUSION

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CMST& 101 Group 5 would like to thank you for the opportunity to

present information on the culture of New Zealand.

Topics Covered were:

Geography – Ryan Shearon

History & Politics - Martin Smith

Rituals – Katherine Spencer

Art & Music – Deandrea Walker

Religion – Kelli Pfau

Our stated goal for this presentation was to share information about the culture

and facets of life in New Zealand by exploring the history of the people and their

customs. The first inhabitants of the island, Maori Tribes, through their

rituals, art, music, and religion continue to influence the culture of New Zealand

today.

QUESTIONS

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How is New Zealand art related to New Zealand culture?

Describe events where the national dance of New Zealand

is performed.

What do you think you would like best about being

involved in a real live New Zealand ritual welcoming

ceremony called "Powhiri“?

Describe the significance of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi.

What are the responsibilities and roles that the priests

fulfill in the Maori religion?

REFERENCES

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http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/new-zealand-photos/#/auckland-new-zealand-

sunrise_9108_600x450.jpg

http://www.newzea-land.net/Things-to-do.aspx

http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/new-zealand-photos/

http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/new-zealand-facts/

http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/topic-index/maori-culture/maori-culture_home.cfm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hinepare.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taonga_p%C5%ABoro

http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/features/maori-culture/maoriculture_kapahakatematatini_feature.cfm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook

http://www.spainexchange.com/guide/NZ-religion.htm

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/491890/Ratana-church

http://www.anzac.govt.nz/significance/traditions.html

http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/features/maori-culture/maoriculture_powhirimaoriwelcome_feature.cfm