cloud/green/smart computing campus party

Green ICT?Energy saving in ICT & ICT for Energy saving

Green ICT?Energy saving in ICT & ICT for Energy savingEnergy saving in ICT & ICT for Energy saving

Jordi Torres – UPC / BSC

Energy saving in ICT & ICT for Energy savingJordi Torres – UPC / BSC

1www.JordiTorres.eu

we records our life … and posts itit

Campus PartyCampus Party Valencia 2008

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Courtesy Campus-Party (http://www.flickr.com/photos/campusparty)

Capturing every stepp g y p

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We are posting everyting …p g y g

on the Internet… on the Internet,

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How much of your life is in the Internet (in to digital format)?Internet (in to digital format)?

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Digital LifegGordon Bell is trying to put everything in his life into digital formatdigital format

MyLifeBits• consists of a "Sense Cam”• developed by Microsoft• developed by Microsoft • takes pictures when it senses that

the user may want a photo, sound recording equipment

• and software that can help the user recall information using simplerecall information using simple keywords.

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Can we store all of our lives?How many bits are needed to store your life?

average amount Mbytes 100 yearsaverage amount Mbytes 100 years size per day per day lifetime (TB)

Email 50 KB 200 10 0,37Office docs 100 KB 5 0 5 0 02Office docs 100 KB 5 0,5 0,02PDF & Tiff 2 MB 5 10 0,37Web pag/Post 100 kB 200 20 0,73Songs 4 MB 3 12 0,44Photo 1MB 10 10 0,37Video 200KB/sec 300 120 4,38Phone capture 8KB/sec 1800 14,4 0,53

7 TB

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7 TB

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7 TB

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Internet facts:Internet users: There are an estimated 1.8 billion

E ab tes Zettab tes?Exabytes, Zettabytes?

Activity? E.g: More than 20 hours of YouTube videos are uploaded every minute,are uploaded every minute,

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Where does all this information live?live?

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ServersServersServers

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Mi ft AMicrosoft+Amazon are estimated to operate over 50 000 serversover 50,000 servers

Google operates overGoogle operates over 1,000,000 servers

approximately 2% ofapproximately 2% of the world’s servers.

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Cloud Computing is here!p g

14Image courtesy of UPC Barcelona Tech

Cloud Computing: next generation of technologygeneration of technology

History repeats itself

The easiest analogy– The easiest analogy to explain “the cloud” it that of electricity

Pay as you gomodel

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What is behind the Cloud?

Big Data Centers (CPDs)

“… with more than 43 600 square meters of space, … consumes 48 megawatts …“p , g

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Source: Tech Titans Building Boom By Randy H. Katz. IEEE Spectrum, February 2009

Does anyone know what this means?means?

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foto: Google

Does anyone know what this means?means?

Districts of Barcelona, Les Corts coloured yellow.

Source:

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Source:http://www.bcn.es/bcnbarris/ca/barrixbarri_districte4.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Corts,_Barcelona

We use Facebook to keep up with friendsfriends

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Facebook: April 2009p

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Source: www.datacenterknowledge.com

Facebook: July 2010y

Now with more than 500 millions people Worldwide

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World data centers electricity usey

Source: Koomey, Jonathan. 2008. "W ld id l t i it d i d t t “

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"Worldwide electricity used in data centers.“ Environmental Research Letters. vol. 3, no. 034008.

How much is 152B kWh?

Source for country data in 2005: International Energy Agency World Energy

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International Energy Agency, World Energy. Balances (2007 edition) (Koomey, Jonathan)

Energy collapse?gy pThe risk of availability is becoming an increasing concernconcern.

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Source:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report to Congress 2007

Impact of the computing on to the environment:the environment:

ICT i d t hi h i l d th I t t dFoto: J.T.

ICT industry, which includes the Internet, produces roughly 2 to 3 percent of global GHG emissions.

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Source: Climate Group’s Smart2020 report (www.smart2020.org)”

Solution: Green Computingp g

use of computing resources efficiently

use of e-documents, reducing travel and teleworking, …

tools that others areas may use to reduce energy consumption

minimizing environmental

use to reduce energy consumption

minimizing environmentalimpact (eWaste)

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Etc….





27www.JordiTorres.eu

Reduce DC energy use is possiblepossible

In spite of our historical progress, there’s still great potential for improving the energy efficiency of datapotential for improving the energy efficiency of data centers

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Source: EPA report to Congress 2007

Energy spent in a DCgy pHow is the energy spent in a Data Center?

Data Center IT Resources Utilisation

ProcessorIT Load

70%70% 30%30% 80%80% 20%20%

Idle Used

55%55%40%40%

45%45%60%60%

70%70% 30%30% 80%80% 20%20%55%55%40%40%

45%45%60%60%

Power supply, memory, fans, drives . . .

Power distribution and Cooling

Workload

1 W equiv. used resource5 W equiv16 W equiv27 W data center x1.7 x3 x5

Idea: IBM and Dynamic Infrastructure, Doug Neilson, IBM Systems Group, 2009

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Solution to the Challenge at the different levelsdifferent levels


70%70% 30%30% 80%80% 20%20%

Idle Used

55%55%40%40%

45%45%60%60%

70%70% 30%30% 80%80% 20%20%55%55%40%40%

45%45%60%60%



Workload

Example:

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Example: Consolidation

ConsolidationServers are underused: around 10 to 20 percent

Consolidate into a single machine– Resource multiplexing if different peak timesp g p

C1

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C2

rce

emen

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Time

Res

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Req

uire

Time

Res

our

Req

uire

C1C2

sour

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Time

Res

Req

VirtualizationVirtualization divides a physical server into isolated virtual environments enabling organizations to runvirtual environments, enabling organizations to run multiple applications or OS on a single server.

App 3App 1 App 2

CPU M

Operating System

App 3

Virtual Machine

CPU M

Operating System

App 1 App 2

Virtual Machine

. . . . . .App 1 App 3App 2CPU MemCPU Mem

Operating System

CPU CPU Mem

Physical Machine CPU CPUCPU CPU Mem

Physical Machine CPU CPU

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70%70% 30%30% 80%80% 20%20%

Idle Used

55%55%40%40%

45%45%60%60%

70%70% 30%30% 80%80% 20%20%55%55%40%40%

45%45%60%60%



Workload

Example:

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Example: Hybrid Platforms

Use low-power processors …p pAtom vs Xeon?

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Use low-power processors …p pGood approach for transactional workloads (webs)

E i t t BSC [1]– Experiments at BSC [1]:

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Use low-power processors?p pHowever the numerical applications are not like thatare not like that

Experiments at BSC with 4 HPC tasks[1]:– Experiments at BSC with 4 HPC tasks[1]:• 1 Xeon * 1 hour 317 Watts • 2 Atom * 5 hours 398 Watts

The most energy efficient approach in– The most energy-efficient approach in this environment is running jobs very fast and then power the system off.

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But in general the workload in data centers is heterogeneouscenters is heterogeneous

If for HPC Xeons works more efficiently than Atoms

And for Transactional Atoms works more efficiently than Xeons

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Hybrid platformsy pWhy not build the two together?

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" Courtesy of Prosciutto (Mataró-Sicilia)"

Better tradeoff in terms of energyand revenueand revenue

Experiments at BSC with heterogeneous workload [1]:Experiments at BSC with heterogeneous workload [1]:

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70%70% 30%30% 80%80% 20%20%

Idle Used

55%55%40%40%

45%45%60%60%

70%70% 30%30% 80%80% 20%20%55%55%40%40%

45%45%60%60%



Workload

Example:

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Example: Marenostrum

Example: Best Practices to save energy at Marenostrumto save energy at Marenostrum

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Foto: BSCSource: El reto operacional de dirigir el tercer supercomputador más grande de Europa. Sergi Girona, Director Operaciones BSC-CNS, 2009.

Marenostrum facts Peak Perf: 94.21 Teraflops

10 240 Power PC 970MP at 2 310,240 Power PC 970MP at 2.3 GHz (2560 JS21 blades)

20 TB of main memory

280 + 90 TB of disk storage

Interconnection networks: Myrinet and Gigabit Ethernet– Myrinet and Gigabit Ethernet

Linux: SuSe Distribution

Space 160 square meters(524 square feet)

About 26 tons of steel (19 glass).

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Power aprox. 1.071 kW

Improving Air Flow Managementp g gUsual scenario: Isolate Hot and Cold

Font: Luiz Andre Barroso, Urs Hoelzle, "The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines", 2009.

(Image courtesy of DLB associates , ref [23] of the book )

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Under-floor pressurepProblem measured: to much under floorto much under-floor pressureTest: Move someTest: Move some floor tiles

Benefits observed:Benefits observed: – Improvement of AC

equipment performance

– Improved the rack-bottom temperature

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bottom temperature

Foto: BSC

Substituting Floor TilesgComposite

20% opening– 20% opening

Metallic tile– 40% opening

Benefits observed:Less working pressure– Less working pressure for the Cooling componentsAll bladecenters– All bladecenters reduced 2º C

– Cold barrier that pre ent the refl of

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prevent the reflux of hot air

Foto: BSC

Temperature mapp p

Problem measured:

t ll th R knot all the Racks have the same temperaturetemperature

Test:Test: Force the air flow

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Temperature map (cont.)p p ( )Proposal:Methacrylate screens

designed and installeddesigned and installed in front of each rack of machines

to guide the cold air flow directly to the computer, instead of each rack having to take cooling air from the general environment

Benefits observed:– All BladeCenters Rack– All BladeCenters Rack

equal temperature +/-1ºC

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– BladeCenter fan speed reduced Foto: BSC

Results (including other improvements):improvements):

Power consumption: aprox. 1.2 Mwats

1 100 000 €/aprox 1.100.000 €/year

reduction of 10% of power consumption

Images courtesy of UPCImages courtesy of UPC

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Time for containers

Provides excellent energy efficiency by offering moreoffering more precise control of airflow within the container

Examples: Microsoft and Google

Source: Henry Daunert, ast-global

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Next generation Data Centers?g

Source: Tech Titans Building Boom , Randy H. Katz. IEEE Spectrum, February 2009

http://spectrum ieee org/green tech/buildings/tech titans building boom

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http://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/buildings/tech-titans-building-boom

Energy: Location matters!gy

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Be ready for new ways to power your DCyour DC

Some hosting companies already power their facilities with wind power from an on site turbinefacilities with wind power from an on-site turbine

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new ways to power your DCy p yAnd Google!!!

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ICTs are not all bad!ICT reduces emissions of other activites

22--3%3%

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56www.JordiTorres.eu

ICT reduces emissions of other activitesactivites

ICT can significantly ICT can significantly contribute to control and reduce the 98% of emissions caused by 22--3%3% emissions caused by other activities and industries.

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ICT has already achieved the increase in business efficiencyincrease in business efficiency

Source: (1) http://www.archives.gov/research/american-cities/images/american-cities-040.jpg( ) h // d l / d / / / / / l /f /

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(2) http://www.noticiasdealava.com/ediciones/2007/01/16/economia/alava/fotos/3014023.jpg

Do you have these at home? y

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Or …Do you read newspapers from the newsagents?

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ICT reduces waste of resources– Enable dematerialization– …

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ICT reduces waste of resources

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ICT reduces waste of resourcesReduce the need to travel

Courtesy: Dani Urgell – CISCO

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y g

Sustainable EU Growth

ICT will play a key role in the sustainable grownICT will play a key role in the sustainable grown

“ICT offers a significant toolset to build asustainable future for the next generation ofEuropeans. To meet its ambitious climatechange goals, the EU strongly endorses newtechnologies capable of improving energyefficiency and making transport systems,buildings and cities in general smarter ”buildings, and cities in general smarter.

Viviane Reding, E C i i 2010European Commission, 2010.

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Green and Sustainable EU Growth

Traffic jams cost Europe €135 billion a year, and drivers lose five days perand drivers lose five days per year while sitting in traffic.

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Green and Sustainable EU GrowthSolution?

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Green and Sustainable EU GrowthSmart Transport Systems

M ki d d “ t ”– Making roads and cars “smarter” with intelligent transport systems (ITS) such as

• sensor networks, • RF tags, • positioning systems• positioning systems• …

– The Internet can interconnect diverse technologies and make mobility more efficient through the real-time management of public gand private transport resources.

Foto: David Carrera

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Foto: David Carrera

Green and Sustainable EU GrowthSmart Energy Grids

T d t 40 t f– Today, up to 40 percent of the energy produced might be lost on its way to the consumer,

but Internet connectivity Foto: J T– but Internet connectivity, computing power, digital sensors, and remote

t l f th t i i

Foto: J.T.

control of the transmission and distribution system will help make grids smarter, greener, and more efficient.

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Foto: SMART 2020 Report

Future sustainability thanks to smart ICTssmart ICTs

smart ICTs?

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The future is digitalgworld is becoming instrumented

Sensors are being embedded across entire ecosystems

M bil hMobile phones, cameras, cars, shipping containers, intelligent appliances, RFID tags by the hundreds oftags by the hundreds of millions

All becoming interconnected.

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interconnected.

The role of ICTsThe resulting volume of ICTs traditional roledata promises insight and intelligence to solve

ICTs traditional role

some of our biggest problems

b t l if New role of ICTsbut only if we can process and make

New role of ICTs

sense of it in real time.

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time.

Sustainable planetp

A more sustainable planet starts with smarter ICT

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Pero …¡faltan ingenieros e ingenieras!

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Green and Sustainable EU Growth

Thi f t ill b hi dThis future will be achieved by the work of dozens of competent engineers!competent engineers!

Like you!Like you!Europe needs you!

EUROPE

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About the authorJordi Torres has a Master degree in Computer Sciencefrom the UPC. Technical University of Catalonia (UPC,1988) and also holds a Ph. D. from the same institution)(Best UPC Computer Science Thesis Award, 1993).

Currently he is a full professor in the ComputerArchitecture Department at UPC and is a manager for theAutonomic Systems and eBusiness Platforms researchli i B l S ti C t (BSC)line in Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC).

His current principal interest as a researcher is making ITresources more efficient to obtain more sustainable IT(Green Computing), and focuses on the resourcemanagement needs of modern distributed and parallel

Campus Nord UPC Barcelona Techg p

cloud computing environments. He has worked in anumber of EU and industrial research and developmentprojects. He has more than a hundred publications in thearea and was involved in several conferences in the field.

C tl h i b f th M t C ittCurrently he is a member of the Management Committeeof the EU COST action in Green Computing and a memberof the Steering Committee IEEE -TCSC Technical Area ofGreen Computing.

. He has been Vice-dean of Institutional Relations at the. He has been Vice dean of Institutional Relations at theComputer Science School, and currently he is a memberof the University Senate and member of the Board ofGovernors.

He can be reached at www.JordiTorres.org

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e ca be eac ed at Jo d o es o g

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