clinical nephrology
TRANSCRIPT
Oxford Textbook of
Clinical Nephrology
Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied,that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must thereforealways check the product information and clinical procedures with themost up-to-date published product information and data sheetsprovided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conductand safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not acceptresponsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for themisuse or misapplication of material in this work.
Project Administration Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd
Project Manager Kate Martin
Indexer Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd
Design Manager Andrew Meaden
Publisher Helen Liepman
Editors
Alex M. DavisonEmeritus Professor of Renal Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
J. Stewart CameronEmeritus Professor of Renal Medicine, Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ School of Medicine,London, UK
Jean-Pierre GrünfeldProfessor of Nephrology, Hôpital Necker, Faculté de Médecine de Paris 5, Paris, France
Claudio PonticelliProfessor and Director, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Istituto Scientifico OspedaleMaggiore Milano, Milan, Italy
Eberhard RitzEmeritus Professor of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Heidelberg, Germany
Christopher G. WinearlsConsultant Nephrologist, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Charles van YperseleProfessor of Medicine, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc,Brussels, Belgium
Subject Editors
Martin BarrattEmeritus Professor of Paediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health, University CollegeLondon, London, UK
James M. RitterProfessor of Clinical Pharmacology, Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ School of Medicine, London, UK
Jan WeeningProfessor of Renal Pathology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
1
Oxford Textbook of
ClinicalNephrologyThird Edition
Edited byAlex M. DavisonJ. Stewart CameronJean-Pierre GrünfeldClaudio PonticelliEberhard RitzChristopher G. Winearlsand Charles van Ypersele
1volume
1Great Clarendon Street, Oxford
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in
Oxford New York
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong KarachiKuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City NairobiNew Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto
With offices in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France GreeceGuatemala Hungary Italy Japan South Korea Poland PortugalSingapore Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam
Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Pressin the UK and in certain other countries
Published in the United Statesby Oxford University Press Inc., New York
© Oxford University Press, 2005
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
Database right Oxford University Press (maker)
First edition published 1992Reprinted (with corrections) 1992Second edition published 1998Third edition published 2005
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department,Oxford University Press, at the address above
You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
ISBN 0 19 856796 0 (volume 1)0 19 856797 9 (volume 2)0 19 856798 7 (volume 3)0 19 850824 7 (set)available as a set only
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, IndiaPrinted in Italyon acid-free paper by Lego Print s.r.l.
Volume 1
Section 1 Assessment of the patient with renaldiseaseEdited by Jean-Pierre Grünfeld
Section 2 The patient with fluid, electrolyte,and divalent ion disordersEdited by Charles van Ypersele
Section 3 The patient with glomerular diseaseEdited by J. Stewart Cameron
Volume 2
Section 4 The kidney in systemic diseaseEdited by J. Stewart Cameron
Section 5 The patient with tubular diseaseEdited by Charles van Ypersele
Section 6 The patient with chronic interstitialdiseaseEdited by Charles van Ypersele
Section 7 The patient with urinary tract infectionEdited by Claudio Ponticelli
Section 8 The patient with renal stone diseaseEdited by Claudio Ponticelli
Section 9 The patient with renal hypertensionEdited by Eberhard Ritz
Section 10 Acute renal failureEdited by Christopher G. Winearls
Volume 3
Section 11 The patient with failing renalfunctionEdited by Eberhard Ritz and Christopher G. Winearls
Section 12 The patient on dialysisEdited by Christopher G. Winearls
Section 13 The transplant patientEdited by Alex M. Davison
Section 14 Specific problems in chronic renalinsufficiencyEdited by Eberhard Ritz
Section 15 The pregnant patientEdited by Alex M. Davison
Section 16 The patient with inherited diseaseEdited by Jean-Pierre Grünfeld
Section 17 The patient with structural andcongenital abnormalitiesEdited by Jean-Pierre Grünfeld
Section 18 The patient with malignancy of thekidney and urinary tractEdited by Alex M. Davison
Section 19 Pharmacology and drug use in kidney patientsEdited by James M. Ritter
Summary of contents
Volume 1
Preface to the third edition xvii
Preface to the second edition xix
Preface to the first edition xxi
Contributors xxiii
Section 1 Assessment of the patientwith renal disease
1.1 History and clinical examination of the patient with renal disease 3
Alex M. Davison, Jean-Pierre Grünfeld, and Maggie Fitzpatrick
1.2 Urinalysis and microscopy 23
Giovanni B. Fogazzi
1.3 The clinical assessment of renal function 47
Dominique Prié and Gérard Friedlander
1.4 Renal function in the newborn infant 65
Peter R.F. Dear and Simon J. Newell
1.5 The ageing kidney 73
Juan F. Macías-Núñez and J. Stewart Cameron
1.6 Imaging in nephrology 87
1.6.1 Imaging techniques 87
1.6.1.i Ultrasound 87Jean-Michel Correas and Olivier Hélénon
1.6.1.ii Plain radiography, excretion radiography,and contrast radiography 94Akira Kawashima and Andrew J. LeRoy
1.6.1.iii Percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stenting 103François Cornud, M. Gouahdni, Y. Chrétien, and Olivier Hélénon
1.6.1.iv Renal arteriography 107Francis G. Joffre and Lisette El Hajj
1.6.1.v CT scanning and helical CT 111Bernard E. Van Beers and André Noël Dardenne
1.6.1.vi Magnetic resonance imaging 121Akira Kawashima and Bernard F. King, Jr.
1.6.1.vii Isotope scanning 129John M.H. De Klerk, Henk Stevens, Hein A. Koomans, and Jaap J. Beutler
1.6.2 Imaging strategies in clinical nephrology 138
1.6.2.i Haematuria, infection, acute renal failure, and obstruction 138Sven Dorph
1.6.2.ii Hypertension and suspected renovascular disease 147Jean-Michel Correas and Olivier Hélénon
1.6.2.iii Renal biopsy—procedure and complications 153Claudio Ponticelli
1.6.2.iv Renal masses 156Olivier Hélénon, Jean-Michel Correas, and Arnaud Méjean
1.6.2.v Living donor workup 160Claudio Ponticelli and Marco Cappelletti
1.6.2.vi Transplant dysfunction 163Olivier Hélénon, Jean-Michel Correas, Arnaud Méjean, and Emmanuel Morelon
1.7 Renal biopsy: indications for and interpretation 169
Claudio Ponticelli, Michael J. Mihatsch, and Enrico Imbasciati
1.8 Immunological investigation of the patient with renal disease 183
Jo H.M. Berden and Jack F.M. Wetzels
1.9 The epidemiology of renal disease 195
Paul J. Roderick and Terry Feest
Contents
x
Section 2 The patient with fluid,electrolyte, and divalent iondisorders
2.1 Hypo–hypernatraemia: disorders of water balance 213
Nicolaos E. Madias and Horacio J. Adrogué
2.2 Hypo–hyperkalaemia 241
Richard L. Tannen and Kenneth R. Hallows
2.3 Hypo–hypercalcaemia 269
Neveen A.T. Hamdy and John A. Kanis
2.4 Hypo–hyperphosphataemia 287
Caroline Silve and Gérard Friedlander
2.5 Hypo–hypermagnesaemia 309
John H. Dirks
2.6 Clinical acid–base disorders 321
Biff F. Palmer, Robert G. Narins, and Jerry Yee
Section 3 The patient withglomerular disease
3.1 The renal glomerulus—the structural basis of ultrafiltration 347
Marlies Elger and Wilhelm Kriz
3.2 Glomerular injury and glomerular response 363
John Feehally, Jürgen Floege, John Savill, and A. Neil Turner
3.3 The patient with proteinuria and/or haematuria 389
J. Stewart Cameron
3.4 The nephrotic syndrome: management, complications, and pathophysiology 415
Raymond A.M.G. Donckerwolcke and J. Stewart Cameron
3.5 Minimal change and focal–segmental glomerular sclerosis 439
Alain Meyrier and Patrick Niaudet
3.6 IgA nephropathies 469
Francesco Paolo Schena and Rosanna Coppo
3.7 Membranous nephropathy 503
Heather Reich and Daniel Cattran
3.8 Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis 523
Vijay Kher and Sanjeev Gulati
3.9 Acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis 545
Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe
3.10 Crescentic glomerulonephritis 559
Jeremy Levy and Charles D. Pusey
3.11 Antiglomerular basement disease 579
A. Neil Turner and Andrew J. Rees
3.12 Infection related glomerulonephritis 601
Philippe Lesavre and Alex M. Davison
3.13 Malignancy-associated glomerular disease 625
Alex M. Davison and Barrie Hartley
3.14 Glomerular disease in the tropics 639
Vivekanand Jha and Kirpal S. Chugh
Index
Volume 2
Preface to the third edition xvii
Preface to the second edition xix
Preface to the first edition xxi
Contributors xxiii
Section 4 The kidney in systemicdisease
4.1 The patient with diabetes mellitus 659
Ralf Dikow and Eberhard Ritz
4.2 The patient with amyloid or immunotactoidglomerulopathy 679
4.2.1 Amyloidosis 679Nicola Joss and Michael Boulton-Jones
4.2.2 Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathy 702Stephen M. Korbet, Melvin M. Schwartz, and Edmund J. Lewis
4.3 Kidney involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias 709
Pierre M. Ronco, Pierre Aucouturier, and Béatrice Mougenot
4.4 The patient with sarcoidosis 733
Jean-Philippe Méry
4.5 The patient with vasculitis 741
4.5.1 Pathogenesis of angiitis 741Coen A. Stegeman and Cees G.M. Kallenberg
xi
4.5.2 The nephritis of Henoch–Schönlein purpura 753Rosanna Coppo and Alessandro Amore
4.5.3 Systemic vasculitis 766Gillian Gaskin
4.6 The patient with mixed cryoglobulinaemiaand hepatitis C infection 797
Antonio Tarantino
4.7 The patient with systemic lupus erythematosus 809
4.7.1 The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus 809L.J. Mason and David A. Isenberg
4.7.2 Systemic lupus erythematosus (clinical) 824Claudio Ponticelli, Giovanni Banfi, and Gabriella Moroni
4.8 The patient with scleroderma—systemic sclerosis 843
Carol M. Black and Christopher P. Denton
4.9 The patient with rheumatoid arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, or polymyositis 855
Paul Emery and Dwomoa Adu
4.10 The patient with Sjögren’s syndrome and overlap syndromes 871
Patrick J.W. Venables
4.11 The patient with sickle-cell disease 879
Ralph Caruana
4.12 The patient exposed to substance misuse, organic solvents, and smoking 903
4.12.1 Substance misuse, organic solvents, and kidney disease 903Gordon M. Bell and Matthew L.P. Howse
4.12.2 Smoking and the kidney 911Stephan R. Orth
Section 5 The patient with tubulardisease
5.1 The structure and function of tubules 923
David G. Shirley and Robert J. Unwin
5.2 Isolated defects of tubular function 943
George B. Haycock
5.3 Fanconi syndrome 961
William G. van’t Hoff
5.4 Renal tubular acidosis 975
Horacio J. Adrogué and Nicolaos E. Madias
5.5 Hypokalaemic tubular disorders 995
Nine V.A.M. Knoers, Patrick G.J.F. Starremans,and Leo A.H. Monnens
5.6 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 1005
Daniel G. Bichet and Michael Zellweger
Section 6 The patient with chronicinterstitial disease
6.1 Mechanisms of interstitial inflammation 1021
Frank Strutz, Claudia A. Müller, and Gerhard A. Müller
6.2 Analgesic nephropathy 1033
Wolfgang Pommer and Marc E. De Broe
6.3 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the kidney 1049
Wai Y. Tse and Dwomoa Adu
6.4 Uric acid and the kidney 1059
J. Stewart Cameron and H. Anne Simmonds
6.5 Nephrotoxic metals 1075
Richard P. Wedeen and Marc E. De Broe
6.6 Radiation nephropathy 1091
Eric P. Cohen
6.7 Balkan nephropathy 1095
Vladisav Stefanovic and J.P. Cosyns
6.8 Chinese herbs (and other rare causes of interstitial nephropathy) 1103
J.P. Cosyns and Charles van Ypersele
Section 7 The patient with urinarytract infection
7.1 Lower and upper urinary tract infections in the adult 1111
W.R. Cattell
7.2 Urinary tract infections in infancy and childhood 1131
Heather J. Lambert and Malcolm G. Coulthard
7.3 Renal tuberculosis and othermycobacterial infections 1151
John B. Eastwood, Catherine M. Corbishley, and John M. Grange
7.4 Schistosomiasis 1173
Rashad S. Barsoum
7.5 Fungal infections and the kidney 1185
Krishan Lal Gupta
xii
Section 8 The patient with renalstone disease
8.1 Aetiological factors in stone formation 1199
Hans-Göran Tiselius
8.2 The medical management of stone disease 1225
David S. Goldfarb and Fredric L. Coe
8.3 The surgical management of renal stones 1243
Hugh Whitfield and Suresh K. Gupta
8.4 Nephrocalcinosis 1257
Oliver Wrong
8.5 Renal and urinary tract stone disease in children 1281
William G. van’t Hoff
Section 9 The patient with renalhypertension
9.1 The structure and function of blood vessels in the kidney 1295
Karlhans Endlich
9.2 Clinical approach to hypertension 1307
Alison L. Brown and Robert Wilkinson
9.3 The kidney and control of blood pressure 1321
Luis M. Ruilope
9.4 The effects of hypertension on renal vasculature and structure 1329
Ulrich Wenzel and Udo Helmchen
9.5 Ischaemic nephropathy 1343
Paramit Chowdhury and John E. Scoble
9.6 Hypertension and unilateral renal parenchymal disease 1361
Michael Schömig and Ralf Dikow
9.7 Renovascular hypertension 1371
B. Krumme, J.-R. Allenberg, I. Dulau-Florea, and J.F.E. Mann
9.8 Malignant hypertension 1399
Ralf Dikow and Eberhard Ritz
9.9 The hypertensive child 1415
Wolfgang Rascher
Section 10 Acute renal failure
10.1 Epidemiology of acute renal failure 1435
Ciaran Doherty
10.2 Acute renal failure: pathophysiology and prevention 1445
Norbert Hendrik Lameire and Raymond Camille Vanholder
10.3 The clinical approach to the patient with acute renal failure 1465
J.D. Firth
10.4 Renal replacement methods in acute renal failure 1495
Vincenzo D’Intini, Rinaldo Bellomo, and Claudio Ronco
10.5 Dialysis and haemoperfusion treatment of acute poisoning 1511
Günter Seyffart
10.6 Special acute renal failure problems 1521
10.6.1 Glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and the nephrotic syndrome 1521Philip D. Mason
10.6.2 Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis 1531Alexandre Karras, Frank Martinez, and Dominique Droz
10.6.3 Acute renal failure associated with microangiopathy (haemolytic–uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenicpurpura) 1545C. Mark Taylor and Guy H. Neild
10.6.4 Acute renal failure in liver disease 1564Vicente Arroyo Pérez, Andrés Cárdenas, José M. Campistol, and Pere Ginès
10.6.5 Ischaemic renal disease 1579John S. Smyth, Paramit Chowdhury, and John E. Scoble
10.6.6 Hantavirus infection 1586Charles van Ypersele
10.7 Acute renal failure in a special setting 1591
10.7.1 Infants and children 1591J. Trevor Brocklebank and Maggie Fitzpatrick
10.7.2 Pregnancy 1604Michel Beaufils
10.7.3 Acute renal failure in the tropical countries 1614Kirpal S. Chugh, Visith Sitprija, and Vivekanand Jha
10.7.4 The elderly 1630Norbert Hendrik Lameire, Nele Van Den Noortgate,and Raymond Camille Vanholder
Index
xiii
Volume 3
Preface to the third edition xvii
Preface to the second edition xix
Preface to the first edition xxi
Contributors xxiii
Section 11 The patient with failingrenal function
11.1 Mechanisms of experimental and clinical renal scarring 1647
A. Meguid El Nahas
11.2 Assessment and initial management of the patient with failing renal function 1687
Michael J.D. Cassidy and Pieter M. Ter Wee
11.3 The patient with uraemia 1717
11.3.1 Uraemic toxicity 1717Raymond Camille Vanholder, Griet Glorieux, Rita De Smet, and Norbert Hendrik Lameire
11.3.2 Endocrine disorders 1727Markus Daschner and Franz Schaefer
11.3.3 Sexual disorders 1737Jürgen Bommer
11.3.4 Hypertension 1753Ralf Dikow, Christoph Wanner, and Eberhard Ritz
11.3.5 Cardiovascular risk factors 1769Eberhard Ritz and Robert N. Foley
11.3.6 Gastrointestinal effects 1789Ciaran Doherty
11.3.7 Liver disorders 1798Matthias Girndt and Hans Köhler
11.3.8 Haematological disorders 1806Iain C. Macdougall and Kai-Uwe Eckardt
11.3.9 Skeletal disorders 1827Tilman B. Drüeke and Eberhard Ritz
11.3.10 �2M Amyloidosis 1861Michel Jadoul and Charles van Ypersele
11.3.11 Effect on the immune response 1868Alessandro Amore and Rosanna Coppo
11.3.12 Coagulation disorders 1875Paola Boccardo, Carla Zoja, and Giuseppe Remuzzi
11.3.13 Dermatological disorders 1879Claudio Ponticelli, Angelo Valerio Marzano, andRuggero Caputo
11.3.14 Neuropsychiatric disorders 1886Andrew Davenport
Section 12 The patient on dialysis
12.1 Dialysis strategies 1899
Vincenzo Cambi, Salvatore David, and Dante Tagliavini
12.2 Vascular access 1909
Kazuo Ota
12.3 Haemodialysis, haemofiltration, and complications of technique 1927
Christopher Olbricht, Gerhard Lonnemann, and Karl-Martin Koch
12.4 Peritoneal dialysis and complications of technique 1955
Ram Gokal
12.5 Adequacy of dialysis 1989
James Tattersall
12.6 Medical management of the dialysis patient 2003
Claude Jacobs
12.7 Psychological aspects of treatment for renal failure 2029
Richard B. Weiner
Section 13 The transplant patient
13.1 Selection and preparation of the recipient 2039
Andries J. Hoitsma and Lukas B. Hilbrands
13.2 Transplant immunology 2049
13.2.1 The immunology of transplantation 2049Manikkam Suthanthiran and Terry B. Strom
13.2.2 Immunosuppression for renal transplantation 2060Daniel Abramowicz, K. Martin Wissing, and Nilufer Broeders
13.3 Management of the renal transplant recipient 2073
13.3.1 Surgery and surgical complications 2073Michael Nicholson
13.3.2 The early management of the recipient 2087Phuong-Thu T. Pham, Phuong-Chi T. Pham, and Alan H. Wilkinson
xiv
13.3.3 Long-term medical complications 2102J. Douglas Briggs
13.3.4 Recurrent disease and de novo disease 2118Chas G. Newstead
13.3.5 Outcome of renal transplantation 2129Brian Junor
Section 14 Specific problems inchronic renal insufficiency
14.1 Chronic renal failure in children 2141
Uwe Querfeld
14.2 Chronic renal failure in the elderly 2165
J. Stewart Cameron and Juan F. Macías-Núñez
14.3 The diabetic patient with impaired renal function 2193
Ralf Dikow and Eberhard Ritz
Section 15 The pregnant patient
15.1 The normal renal physiological changes whichoccur during pregnancy 2213
Chris Baylis and John M. Davison
15.2 Renal complications that may occur in pregnancy 2233
John M. Davison
15.3 Pregnancy in patients with underlyingrenal disease 2243
John M. Davison and Chris Baylis
15.4 Pregnancy-induced hypertension 2261
Ian A. Greer
Section 16 The patient withinherited disease
16.1 Strategies for the investigation of inherited renal disease 2287
Friedhelm Hildebrandt and Edgar Otto
16.2 Cystic diseases 2297
16.2.1 Polycystic kidney disease in children 2297Marie-France Gagnadoux
16.2.2 Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease 2304Yves Pirson, Dominique Chauveau, and Olivier Devuyst
16.3 Nephronophthisis 2325
Rémi Salomon, Marie-Claire Gubler, and Corinne Antignac
16.4 Inherited glomerular diseases 2335
16.4.1 Alport’s syndrome 2335Bertrand Knebelmann and Jean-Pierre Grünfeld
16.4.2 Fabry disease 2344
A. �-Galactosidase A deficiency 2344Robert J. Desnick
B. Other inherited metabolic storage disorderswith significant renal involvement 2351Stephen H. Morgan and Jean-Pierre Grünfeld
16.4.3 Nail-patella syndrome and other rare inherited disorders with glomerular involvement 2355Guillaume Bobrie and Jean-Pierre Grünfeld
16.4.4 Congenital nephrotic syndrome 2359Hannu Jalanko and Christer Holmberg
16.5 Inherited metabolic diseases of the kidney 2367
16.5.1 Cystinosis 2367Michael Broyer and Marie-Claire Gubler
16.5.2 The primary hyperoxalurias 2374Pierre Cochat and Marie-Odile Rolland
16.5.3 Inherited disorders of purine metabolism and transport 2381A.M. Marinaki, J. Stewart Cameron, and H. Anne Simmonds
16.6 Renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis and von Hippel–Lindau disease 2397
Hartmut P.H. Neumann, Elizabeth Petri Henske, Othon Iliopoulos, and Sven Glaesker
16.7 Some rare syndromes with renal involvement 2407
Jean-Pierre Grünfeld and J. Stewart Cameron
Section 17 The patient withstructural and congenitalabnormalities
17.1 The development of the kidney and renal dysplasia 2421
Seppo Vainio
17.2 Vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy 2429
Kate Verrier Jones
17.3 The patient with urinary tract obstruction 2449
Muhammad Magdi Yaqoob and Islam Junaid
xv
17.4 Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract 2471
Wolfgang Rascher and Wolfgang H. Rösch
17.5 Medullary sponge kidney 2495
J. Stewart Cameron
Section 18 The patient withmalignancy of the kidney andurinary tract
18.1 Renal carcinoma and other tumours 2505
Manuel Urrutia Avisrror
18.2 Wilms’ tumour 2525
Christopher Mitchell
18.3 Tumours of the renal pelvis and ureter 2541
Peter Whelan
18.4 Tumours of the bladder 2547
Robert D. Mills and William H. Turner
18.5 Tumours of the prostate 2567
Philip H. Smith
Section 19 Pharmacology and druguse in kidney patients
19.1 Drug-induced nephropathies 2581
Marc E. De Broe
19.2 Handling of drugs in kidney disease 2599
D.J.S. Carmichael
19.3 Action and clinical use of diuretics 2619
Rainer Greger, Florian Lang, Katarina Sebekova, and August Heidland
Index
Seven years after the publication of the second edition of this clinicaltext many advances in clinical practice justify the publication of a thirdedition. The text remains primarily a reference for the practisingclinician. The chapters of the second edition have been carefully andcritically reviewed. The overall framework of the book has beenretained. Several previous chapters have been changed and some addi-tions have been made. In line with our previous policy, the Editors havealso modified the authorship of several chapters so as to keep the textas fresh as possible. As with previous editions we have, wherever possi-ble, limited authors to two for each chapter. It is not surprising that anew view on a subject brings a different approach but this maintainsvitality. In addition, where new concepts develop and new informationbecomes available, we have included such material—as illustrated bythe information about the influence of smoking on renal diseases.
In this edition we have encouraged authors to add appropriateillustrations and to include pathological illustrative material.Wherever possible we have tried to avoid duplication in text, tables,and figures in an effort to maintain a reasonable overall size to the text.Some repetitions are unavoidable, but they have been included toavoid unnecessary cross-references.
In the production of a text of this size there are a number of peopleto thank for their hard work and devotion. There has been a change inEditors in that Claudio Ponticelli and Charles van Ypersele have joinedthe Editorial Board in place of David Kerr who has retired. We wouldlike to thank David Kerr most sincerely for his encouragement in theproduction of this third edition and his invaluable help with the firsttwo editions. Once again thanks go to the Subject Editors who haveprovided much useful critical advice which has gone a long way insecuring authority and currency. Finally our thanks to the productionteam at Oxford University Press for all they have done towards launch-ing this third edition.
Alex M. DavisonJ. Stewart Cameron
Jean-Pierre Grünfeld Claudio Ponticelli
Eberhard Ritz Christopher G. Winearls
Charles van Ypersele October 2004
Preface to the third edition
We have been gratified by the sales and published reviews of the firstedition of our clinical text, published in 1992. During the prepara-tion of this second edition all chapters in the first edition were sub-jected to review by practising nephrologists who were given thespecific task of critically commenting on the content and practicalvalue of each chapter. The authors were asked to revise their chaptersin the light of the comments and the advances in clinical sciencesince the production of the first edition. In some areas, such as mol-ecular medicine, there have been very significant advances in ourunderstanding of renal disease while in other areas there have beenfew changes. The challenge was readily accepted by the contributorsand we hope that the final result is a thoroughly revised and up-to-date text.
We have retained the prime aim of the first edition—to produce atext of value to those with clinical responsibility for patients with renaldisease. The changes we have introduced have been made in order tokeep the text fresh; as a matter of policy we have introduced some newchapters and some new authors for existing chapters. The overallstructure is unchanged: each section is centred on the patient with aparticular disease or syndrome but the order of the sections has beenslightly changed to a more logical sequence.
A major change has been the introduction of colour illustrationsthroughout the text, wherever possible. We greatly appreciate theefforts of chapter authors in finding suitable clinical and pathologicalillustrative material. We hope that the clinical illustrations will be ofparticular value to those in training.
It is with great sadness that we record the deaths of four distin-guished authors, Professor Claude Amiel of Paris, Dr Ross R. Bailey ofChristchurch, New Zealand, Dr A. Gordon Leitch of Edinburgh, andProfessor Tony Raine of London. Claude and Tony died after tragic ill-nesses borne with supreme courage, Ross while swimming, andGordon suddenly by drowning while trying to save the life of a fellowholiday-maker. Their chapters are a fitting memorial to their lives. Weare all diminished by their loss.
The revision of the text could not have been undertaken withoutthe enthusiastic support of a number of people. We would like torecord our thanks to our Subject Editors, Martin Barratt (paediatrics),Michael Dunnill (pathology), Rainer Greger (physiology), and JamesRitter (pharmacology) and to our Associate Editors, ClaudioPonticelli, Andy Rees, and Charles van Ypersele de Strihou withoutwhose help and expertise this revised text would not have been com-pleted. In addition our thanks are due to Marion Davison for secre-tarial support and to the staff of Oxford University Press for theirdevotion in seeing this venture to conclusion.
Alex M. DavisonJ. Stewart Cameron
Jean-Pierre GrünfeldDavid N.S. Kerr
Eberhard Ritzand Christopher Winearls
June 1997
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
Why another large text of nephrology? Because this one is different. Itbegins not with the anatomy of the nephron, but with the approach tothe renal patient. It is intended as a text on clinical nephrology, ofprimary use to those caring for patients with renal disease. Not thatwe do not value the science that underlies our clinical practice—farfrom it. In each section the basic science relevant to the problem underdiscussion will be found incorporated at the appropriate point in thetext for the clinician. In this area we have had the assistance of one ofthe foremost renal physiologists.
We deal in this book with many of the rarer renal problems andrenal manifestations of systematic disease that are not dealt with inother texts—as a glance at the index and that of other similar volumeswill show. A unique feature of the book is that at the end we have pro-vided a guide to the book from the point of view of other specialistphysicians—gastroenterologists, rheumatologists, neurologists, andso on—so that both they and generalists can enter the complex worldof nephrology more easily. We have paid special attention to thehandling of drugs by the kidney, and to the effects of drugs uponthe kidney and renal tract. In this we have been assisted by our distin-guished editor in clinical pharmacology.
We have tried to look at nephrology in a global context, remem-bering that the great majority of patients with renal diseases live in
the developing world. Several chapters deal specifically withnephrology as it is seen in the tropics. We have also included chap-ters which deal with renal disease at the extremes of life. Paediatricnephrology has been blended into the text throughout with the assist-ance of our able paediatric editor, and several chapters deal with thespecial problems of the growing number of elderly patients withrenal disease.
Finally, we hope that these volumes will be, as well as for day-to-day use when needed, a useful and pleasurable source for browsingwhen the pressure is off. Above all we hope that these volumes will bea literate as well as a comprehensive guide to diseases of the kidney,and diseases affecting the kidney. We thank our Associate Editors LuisHernando, Claudio Ponticelli, Andy Rees, Charles van Ypersele deStrihou, and C.J. Winearls without whom these volumes could neverhave been completed.
Stewart CameronAlex M. Davison
Jean-Pierre GrünfeldDavid Kerr
Eberhard Ritz
Daniel Abramowicz Departement Medico-Chirurgical de Nephrologie, Dialyseet Transplantation, Hopital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium13.2.2 Immunosuppression for renal transplantation
Horacio J. Adrogué Chief, Renal Section, The Methodist Hospital, Professor ofMedicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA2.1 Hypo–hypernatraemia: disorders of water balance5.4 Renal tubular acidosis
Dwomoa Adu Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Birmingham,Birmingham, UK4.9 The patient with rheumatoid arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease,
or polymyositis6.3 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the kidney
J.-R. Allenberg Department of Vascular Surgery, University of HeidelbergSchool of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany9.7 Renovascular hypertension
Alessandro Amore Professor of Nephrology, Nephrology Dialysis TransplantationUnit, Ospedale Regina Margherita, Turin, Italy4.5.2 The nephritis of Henoch–Schönlein purpura11.3.11 Effect on the immune response
Corinne Antignac INSERM U574 and Department of Genetics, HôpitalNecker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France16.3 Nephronophthisis
Pierre Aucouturier INSERM E209, Hopital Saint-Antoine, Batiment RaoulKourilsky 184, Paris, France4.3 Kidney involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias
Manuel Urrutia Avisrror Professor of Urology, Department of Surgery,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain18.1 Renal carcinoma and other tumours
Giovanni Banfi Vice-Director, Division of Nephrology, Instituto Scientifico,Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Milan, Italy4.7.2 Systemic lupus erythematosus (clinical)
Rashad S. Barsoum Professor of Internal Medicine, Cairo Kidney Center,Antikhana, Bab-El-Louk, Cairo, Egypt7.4 Schistosomiasis
Chris Baylis Professor of Physiology and Medicine, University of Florida,Gainsville, Florida, USA15.1 The normal renal physiological changes which occur during pregnancy15.3 Pregnancy in patients with underlying renal disease
Michel Beaufils Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital Tenon, Paris,France10.7.2 Pregnancy
Gordon M. Bell Consultant Nephrologist and Clinical Director of Nephrology,Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK4.12.1 Substance misuse, organic solvents and kidney disease
Rinaldo Bellomo Department of Intensive Care, Austin & RepatriationMedical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia10.4 Renal replacement methods in acute renal failure
Jo H.M. Berden Professor of Nephrology, Department of Nephrology 545,University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands1.8 Immunological investigation of the patient with renal disease
Jaap J. Beutler Consultant Nephrologist, Department of Nephrology andHypertension, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands1.6.1.vii Isotope scanning
Daniel G. Bichet Professor of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, CanadaResearch Chair, Genetics in Renal Diseases, Director, Clinical ResearchUnit, Hospital du Sacre-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada5.6 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Carol M. Black Professor of Rheumatology, Centre for Rheumatology, RoyalFree & University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus,London, UK4.8 The patient with scleroderma—systemic sclerosis
Guillaume Bobrie Unite d’hypertension arterielle, Hopital Europeen GeorgesPompidou, Paris, France16.4.3 Nail-patella syndrome and other rare inherited disorders with
glomerular involvement
Paola Boccardo Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research,Bergamo, Italy11.3.12 Coagulation disorders
Jürgen Bommer Klinikum der Universitat Heidelberg, Sektion Nephrologie,Heidelberg, Germany11.3.3 Sexual disorders
Michael Boulton-Jones Renal Unit, Walton Building, Royal Infirmary,Glasgow, UK4.2.1 Amyloidosis
J. Douglas Briggs 48 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow, UK13.3.3 Long-term medical complications
J. Trevor Brocklebank Reader in Paediatric Nephrology, Department ofPaediatrics, Clinical Science Building, St James’s University Hospital,Leeds, UK10.7.1 Infants and children
Nilufer Broeders Hopital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium13.2.2 Immunosuppression for renal transplantation
Alison L. Brown Consultant Nephrologist, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton,Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK9.2 Clinical approach to hypertension
Michael Broyer Group Hospitalier, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France16.5.1 Cystinosis
Vincenzo Cambi Cattedra di Nefrologia, Ospedale Maggiore, Parma, Italy12.1 Dialysis strategies
J. Stewart Cameron Emeritus Professor of Renal Medicine, Guy’s, King’s, andSt Thomas’ School of Medicine, London, UK1.5 The ageing kidney3.3 The patient with proteinuria and/or haematuria3.4 The nephrotic syndrome: management, complications, and
pathophysiology6.4 Uric acid and the kidney14.2 Chronic renal failure in the elderly16.5.3 Inherited disorders of purine metabolism and transport16.7 Some rare syndromes with renal involvement17.5 Medullary sponge kidney
Contributors
xxiv
José M. Campistol Renal Transplant Unit, Hospital Clinic, University ofBarcelona, Barcelona, Spain10.6.4 Acute renal failure in liver disease
Marco Cappelletti Radiologist, Viale Scarampo, Milan, Italy1.6.2.v Living donor workup
Ruggero Caputo Director, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University ofMilan, IRCCS Osperdale Maggiore, Milan, Italy11.3.13 Dermatological disorders
Andrés Cárdenas Instructor in Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology andHepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard MedicalSchool, Boston, Massachusetts, USA10.6.4 Acute renal failure in liver disease
D.J.S. Carmichael Consultant Nephrologist, Southend General Hospital,Pricklewood Chase, Westcliff on Sea, Essex, UK19.2 Handling of drugs in kidney disease
Ralph Caruana Professor of Medicine, Vice Dean for Clinical Affairs, MedicalCollege of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA4.11 The patient with sickle-cell disease
Michael J.D. Cassidy Clinical Director, Renal and Transplant Unit,Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK11.2 Assessment and initial management of the patient with failing renal
function
W.R. Cattell 30 Tavistock Terrace, London, UK7.1 Lower and upper urinary tract infections in the adult
Daniel Cattran University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital,Toronto, Ontario, Canada3.7 Membranous nephropathy
Dominique Chauveau Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France16.2.2 Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
Paramit Chowdhury Department of Nephrology, King’s College London,London, UK9.5 Ischaemic nephropathy10.6.5 Ischaemic renal disease
Y. Chrétien Radiotherapie, Hopital europeen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France1.6.1.iii Percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stenting
Kirpal S. Chugh Emeritus Professor of Nephrology, National Kidney Clinicand Research Centre, Chandigarh, India3.14 Glomerular disease in the tropics10.7.3 Acute renal failure in the tropical countries
Pierre Cochat Professor of Pediatrics/Head Renal Unit, Department of Pediatrics,Hopital Edouard Herriot, Universite Claude-Bernard, Lyon, France16.5.2 The primary hyperoxalurias
Fredric L. Coe Professor of Medicine and Physiology, University of ChicagoSchool of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA8.2 The medical management of stone disease
Eric P. Cohen Professor of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical College ofWisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA6.6 Radiation nephropathy
Rosanna Coppo Ospedale Regina Margherita, Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto,Turin, Italy3.6 IgA nephropathies4.5.2 The nephritis of Henoch–Schönlein purpura11.3.11 Effect on the immune response
Catherine M. Corbishley Consultant Histopathologist, Department ofCellular Pathology, St George’s Hospital, London, UK7.3 Renal tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections
François Cornud Consultant Radiologist, Hospital Cochin, Paris, France1.6.1.iii Percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stenting
Jean-Michel Correas Vice Chairman, Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Necker,Paris, France1.6.1.i Ultrasound1.6.2.ii Hypertension and suspected renovascular disease1.6.2.iv Renal masses1.6.2.vi Transplant dysfunction
J.P. Cosyns Professor of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, MedicalSchool, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite Catholque deLouvain, Brussels, Belgium6.7 Balkan nephropathy6.8 Chinese herbs (and other rare causes of interstitial nephropathy)
Malcolm G. Coulthard Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal VictoriaInfirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK7.2 Urinary tract infections in infancy and childhood
Vincenzo D’Intini Divisione Nefrologia, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy10.4 Renal replacement methods in acute renal failure
André Noël Dardenne Associate Professor of Radiology, Universite Catholiquede Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium1.6.1.v CT scanning and helical CT
Markus Daschner Pediatric Nephrologist, University Children’s Hospital,Heidelberg, Germany11.3.2 Endocrine disorders
Andrew Davenport Consultant Nephrologist/Honorary Senior Lecturer,Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus, Royal Free and UniversityCollege Medical School, London, UK11.3.14 Neuropsychiatric disorders
Salvatore David Cattedra di Nefrologia, Ospedale Maggiore, Parma, Italy12.1 Dialysis strategies
Alex M. Davison Emeritus Professor of Renal Medicine, St James’s UniversityHospital, Leeds, UK1.1 History and clinical examination of the patient with renal disease3.12 Infection related glomerulonephritis3.13 Malignancy-associated glomerular disease
John M. Davison School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, Departmentof Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK15.1 The normal renal physiological changes which occur during pregnancy15.2 Renal complications that may occur in pregnancy15.3 Pregnancy in patients with underlying renal disease
Marc E. De Broe Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Antwerp,Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium6.2 Analgesic nephropathy6.5 Nephrotoxic metals19.1 Drug-induced nephropathies
John M.H. De Klerk Consultant in Nuclear Medicine, Department of NuclearMedicine, University Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands1.6.1.vii Isotope scanning
Rita De Smet Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium11.3.1 Uraemic toxicity
Peter R.F. Dear Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St James’s UniversityHospital, Leeds, UK1.4 Renal function in the newborn infant
Christopher P. Denton Clinical Research Fellow, Academic Unit of Rheumatology,Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London, London, UK4.8 The patient with scleroderma—systemic sclerosis
Robert J. Desnick Professor and Chairman, Department of Human Genetics,Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA16.4.2 Fabry disease
Olivier Devuyst Division of Nephrology, UCL Medical School, (UniversiteCatholique de Louvain), Brussels, Belgium16.2.2 Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
Ralf Dikow Sektion Nephrologie, Heidelberg, Germany4.1 The patient with diabetes mellitus9.6 Hypertension and unilateral renal parenchymal disease9.8 Malignant hypertension11.3.4 Hypertension14.3 The diabetic patient with impaired renal function
John H. Dirks Chair, ISN COMGAN, President, The Gairdner Foundation,Senior Fellow, Massey College, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,Canada2.5 Hypo–hypermagnesaemia
xxv
Ciaran Doherty Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK10.1 Epidemiology of acute renal failure11.3.6 Gastrointestinal effects
Raymond A.M.G. Donckerwolcke Professor and Chairman, Department ofPaediatrics, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands3.4 The nephrotic syndrome: management, complications, and patho-
physiology
Sven Dorph Department of Radiology, Helsingor Hospital, Helsingor,Denmark1.6.2.i Haematuria, infection, acute renal failure, and obstruction
Dominique Droz Service d’Anatomie Pathologique, Hopital Saint-Louis,Paris, France10.6.2 Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Tilman B. Drüeke INSERM Unit 507 and Division of Nephrology, HopitalNecker, Paris, France11.3.9 Skeletal disorders
I. Dulau-Florea Schwabing General Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University,Munich, Germany9.7 Renovascular hypertension
John B. Eastwood Consultant Renal Physician and Reader in Medicine,Department of Renal Medicine, and Transplantation, St George’sHospital, London, UK7.3 Renal tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections
Kai-Uwe Eckardt Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care,Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany11.3.8 Haematological disorders
Lisette El Hajj Hôpital de Rangueil, Service Central d Radiologie, Toulouse,France1.6.1.iv Renal arteriography
A. Meguid El Nahas Professor of Nephrology, Sheffield Kidney Institute,Sheffield teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Northern General Hospital,Sheffield, UK11.1 Mechanisms of experimental and clinical renal scarring
Marlies Elger Abteilung Nephrologie, Forschungszentrum der MedizinischenHochschule, am Oststadtkrankenhaus, Hannover, Germany3.1 The renal glomerulus—the structural basis of ultrafiltration
Paul Emery ARC Professor of Rheumatology, Molecular Medicine Unit,School of Medicine, Leeds, UK4.9 The patient with rheumatoid arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease,
or polymyositis
Karlhans Endlich Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy and CellBiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany9.1 The structure and function of blood vessels in the kidney
John Feehally Department of Nephrology, Leicester General Hospital,Leicester, UK3.2 Glomerular injury and glomerular response
Terry Feest The Richard Bright Renal Unit, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, UK1.9 The epidemiology of renal disease
J.D. Firth Consultant Physician and Nephrologist, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,Cambridge, UK10.3 The clinical approach to the patient with acute renal failure
Maggie Fitzpatrick Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist, Department ofPaediatrics Nephrology, St James’s Hospital, Leeds, UK1.1 History and clinical examination of the patient with renal disease10.7.1 Infants and children
Jürgen Floege Medizinische Klinik II der RWTH, Aachen, Germany3.2 Glomerular injury and glomerular response
Giovanni B. Fogazzi Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Oespadele Maggiore,IRCCS, Milan, Italy1.2 Urinalysis and microscopy
Robert N. Foley Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center,Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA11.3.5 Cardiovascular risk factors
Gérard Friedlander Professor and Chief, INSERM U 426, Department ofPhysiology, Xavier Bichat Medical Faculty, Paris, France1.3 The clinical assessment of renal function2.4 Hypo–hyperphosphataemia
Marie-France Gagnadoux Pediatric Nephrologist, Necker-Enfants Malades,Paris, France16.2.1 Polycystic kidney disease in children
Gillian Gaskin Renal Section, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK4.5.3 Systemic vasculitis
Pere Ginès Associate Professor of Medicine, Liver Unit, Institut de MalaltiesDigestives, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain10.6.4 Acute renal failure in liver disease
Matthias Girndt Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine and Nephrology,Medical Department IV, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany11.3.7 Liver disorders
Sven Glaesker Department of Nephrology, Clinics of the Albert FreiburgUniversity, Freiburg, Germany16.6 Renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis and von Hippel–Lindau disease
Griet Glorieux Nephrology Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent,Belgium11.3.1 Uraemic toxicity
Ram Gokal Consultant Nephrologist, Honorary Professor of Medicine,Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK12.4 Peritoneal dialysis and complications of technique
David S. Goldfarb Associate Professor of Medicine and Physiology, New YorkUniversity School of Medicine, Nephrology/111G, NY Department ofVeterans Affairs Medical Centre, New York, USA8.2 The medical management of stone disease
John M. Grange Visiting Professor, Royal Free and University College MedicalSchool, Windeyer Institute for Medical Science, London, UK7.3 Renal tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections
Ian A. Greer Deputy Dean—Faculty of Medicine, Regius Professor—Obstetricsand Gynaecology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary,Glasgow, UK15.4 Pregnancy-induced hypertension
Rainer Greger Physiologisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg,Germany19.3 Action and clinical use of diuretics
Jean-Pierre Grünfeld Professor of Nephrology, Hôpital Necker, Faculté deMédecine de Paris 5, Paris, France1.1 History and clinical examination of the patient with renal disease16.4.1 Alport’s syndrome16.4.2 Fabry disease16.4.3 Nail-patella syndrome and other rare inherited disorders with
glomerular involvement16.7 Some rare syndromes with renal involvement
Marie-Claire Gubler INSERM U574, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris,France16.3 Nephronophthisis16.5.1 Cystinosis
Sanjeev Gulati Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi PostgraduateInstitute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India3.8 Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
Krishan Lal Gupta Additional Professor of Nephrology, Postgraduate Instituteof Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India7.5 Fungal infections and the kidney
Suresh K. Gupta 46 Glebe Avenue, Grappenhal, Warrington, UK8.3 The surgical management of renal stones
Kenneth R. Hallows Assistant Professor, Renal-Electrolyte Division, Departmentof Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania, USA2.2 Hypo–hyperkalaemia
xxvi
Neveen A.T. Hamdy Head Clinic Section, Department of Endocrinology &Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, TheNetherlands2.3 Hypo–hypercalcaemia
Barrie Hartley Department of Pathology, St James’s University Hospital,Leeds, UK3.13 Malignancy-associated glomerular disease
George B. Haycock Consultant in Paediatrics, Guy’s, King’s, and St Thomas’Hospital, London, UK5.2 Isolated defects of tubular function
August Heidland Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wurzburg,Kuratorium für Dialysis und Nierentransplantation, Wurzburg, Germany19.3 Action and clinical use of diuretics
Olivier Hélénon Chairman, Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Necker, Paris,France1.6.1.i Ultrasound1.6.1.iii Percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stenting1.6.2.ii Hypertension and suspected renovascular disease1.6.2.iv Renal masses1.6.2.vi Transplant dysfunction
Udo Helmchen Department of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany9.4 The effects of hypertension on renal vasculature and structure
Elizabeth Petri Henske Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA16.6 Renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis and von Hippel–Lindau disease
Lukas B. Hilbrands University Medical Centre Nymegen, Department ofNephrology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands13.1 Selection and preparation of the recipient
Friedhelm Hildebrandt Professor of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, HuetwellProfessor for the Cure and Prevention of Birth Defects, Department ofPediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA16.1 Strategies for the investigation of inherited renal disease
Andries J. Hoitsma Division of Nephrology, University Medical CenterSt Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands13.1 Selection and preparation of the recipient
Christer Holmberg Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University ofHelsinki, Helsinki, Finland16.4.4 Congenital nephrotic syndrome
Matthew L.P. Howse Link 6C, Royal Liverpool University Hospital,Liverpool, UK4.12.1 Substance misuse, organic solvents and kidney disease
Othon Iliopoulos MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston, Massachusetts, USA16.6 Renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis and von Hippel–Lindau
disease
Enrico Imbasciati Director, Division of Nephrology, Ospedale Maggiore diLodi, Lodi, Italy1.7 Renal biopsy: indications for and interpretation
David A. Isenberg Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free and UniversityCollege Hospital, London, UK4.7.1 The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Claude Jacobs Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de nephrologie,Paris, France12.6 Medical management of the dialysis patient
Michel Jadoul Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Department of Nephrology,Brussels, Belgium11.3.10 �2M Amyloidosis
Hannu Jalanko Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki,Helsinki, Finland16.4.4 Congenital nephrotic syndrome
Vivekanand Jha Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, PostgraduateInstitute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India3.14 Glomerular disease in the tropics10.7.3 Acute renal failure in the tropical countries
Francis G. Joffre Hôpital de Rangueil, Service Central d Radiologie, Toulouse,France1.6.1.iv Renal arteriography
Kate Verrier Jones KRUF Children’s Kidney Centre for Wales, University ofWales, College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK17.2 Vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy
Nicola Joss Renal Unit, Walton Building, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK4.2.1 Amyloidosis
Islam Junaid Consultant Urologist and Transplant Surgeon, Department ofRenal Medicine & Transplantation, The Royal London Hospital,Whitechapel, London, UK17.3 The patient with urinary tract obstruction
Brian Junor Consultant Nephrologist, Renal Unit, Western Infirmary,Glasgow, UK13.3.5 Outcome of renal transplantation
Cees G.M. Kallenberg Department of Clinical Immunology, UniversityHospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands4.5.1 Pathogenesis of angiitis
John A. Kanis Sheffield Metabolic Bone Unit, Sheffield, UK2.3 Hypo–hypercalcaemia
Alexandre Karras Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, HopitalSaint-Louis, Paris, France10.6.2 Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Akira Kawashima Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA1.6.1.ii Plain radiography, contrast radiography, and excretion radiography1.6.1.vi Magnetic resonance imaging
Vijay Kher Department of Nephrology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals,New Delhi, India3.8 Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
Bernard F. King, Jr. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Departmentof Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA1.6.1.vi Magnetic resonance imaging
Bertrand Knebelmann Hôpital Necker, Paris, France16.4.1 Alport’s syndrome
Nine V.A.M. Knoers University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands5.5 Hypokalaemic tubular disorders
Karl-Martin Koch Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Zentrum Innere Medizinund Dermatologie, Abteilung Nephrologie, NHH, Hannover, Germany12.3 Haemodialysis, haemofiltration, and complications of technique
Hans Köhler Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Medizinische Klinik undPoliklinik, Medical Department IV, University of Saarland, Homburg,Germany11.3.7 Liver disorders
Hein A. Koomans Professor of Nephrology and Head of Department ofNephrology and Hypertension, Department of Nephrology, UniversityCentre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands1.6.1.vii Isotope scanning
Stephen M. Korbet Professor of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center,Chicago, Illinois, USA4.2.2 Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathy
Wilhelm Kriz Professor and Chairman, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology,University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany3.1 The renal glomerulus—the structural basis of ultrafiltration
B. Krumme Department of Nephrology, Deutsche Klinik fur Diagnostick,Wiesbaden, Germany9.7 Renovascular hypertension
Heather J. Lambert Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal VictoriaInfirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK7.2 Urinary tract infections in infancy and childhood
Norbert Hendrik Lameire Renal Division, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent,Belgium10.2 Acute renal failure: pathophysiology and prevention10.7.4 The elderly11.3.1 Uraemic toxicity
xxvii
Florian Lang Department of Physiology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen,Germany19.3 Action and clinical use of diuretics
Andrew J. LeRoy Associate Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College ofMedicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,Minnesota, USA1.6.1.ii Plain radiography, contrast radiography, and excretion radiography
Philippe Lesavre Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France3.12 Infection related glomerulonephritis
Jeremy Levy Consultant Nephrologist and Physician, Imperial College,Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK3.10 Crescentic glomerulonephritis
Edmund J. Lewis Professor of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center,Chicago, Illinois, USA4.2.2 Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathy
Gerhard Lonnemann Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Hannover,Germany12.3 Haemodialysis, haemofiltration, and complications of technique
Iain C. Macdougall The Renal Unit, King’s College Hospital, London, UK11.3.8 Haematological disorders
Nicolaos E. Madias Chairman, Department of Medicine, Caritas St Elizabeth’sMedical Center and Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School ofMedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA2.1 Hypo–hypernatraemia: disorders of water balance5.4 Renal tubular acidosis
J.F.E. Mann Krankenhaus Monchen Schwabing, Munich, Germany9.7 Renovascular hypertension
A.M. Marinaki Purine Research Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge,London, UK16.5.3 Inherited disorders of purine metabolism and transport
Frank Martinez Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, HopitalSaint-Louis, Paris, France10.6.2 Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Angelo Valerio Marzano Assistant Dermatologist, Institute of DermatologicalSciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Osperdale Maggiore, Milan, Italy11.3.13 Dermatological disorders
L.J. Mason Research Assistant, Centre for Rheumatology, University CollegeLondon, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK4.7.1 The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Philip D. Mason Consultant Nephrologist, Oxford Kidney Unit, ChurchillHospital, Headington, Oxford, UK10.6.1 Glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and the nephrotic syndrome
Arnaud Méjean Service d’Urologie, Paris, France1.6.2.iv Renal masses1.6.2.vi Transplant dysfunction
Jean-Philippe Méry 59 rue Madame, Paris, France4.4 The patient with sarcoidosis
Alain Meyrier Hôpital Europeen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France3.5 Minimal change and focal–segmental glomerular sclerosis
Michael J. Mihatsch Director, Institute for Pathology, University of Basel,Basel, Switzerland1.7 Renal biopsy: indications for and interpretation
Robert D. Mills Consultant Urologist, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital,Norwich, UK18.4 Tumours of the bladder
Christopher Mitchell Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Unit, The JohnRadcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK18.2 Wilms’ tumour
Leo A.H. Monnens Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Nijmegen,Nijmegen, The Netherlands5.5 Hypokalaemic tubular disorders
Emmanuel Morelon Department on Transplantation, Hôpital Necker,Universite Paris V, Paris, France1.6.2.vi Transplant dysfunction
Stephen H. Morgan Basildon Hospital, Nether Mayne, Basildon, UK16.4.2 Fabry disease
Gabriella Moroni Assistant Nephrologist, Division of Nephrology, InstitutoScientifico, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Milan, Italy4.7.2 Systemic lupus erythematosus (clinical)
Béatrice Mougenot Pathologist, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France4.3 Kidney involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias
Claudia A. Müller Section Transplantation Immunology, ZMF, Tubingen,Germany6.1 Mechanisms of interstitial inflammation
Gerhard A. Müller Universitätsklinikum/Innere Medizin, Abteilung fürNephrologie und Rheumatologie, Göttingen, Germany6.1 Mechanisms of interstitial inflammation
Robert G. Narins Director of Postgraduate Education, American Society ofNephrology, Washington, DC, USA2.6 Clinical acid–base disorders
Guy H. Neild Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Middlesex Hospital,London, UK10.6.3 Acute renal failure associated with microangiopathy (haemolytic–
uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
Hartmut P.H. Neumann Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany16.6 Renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis and von Hippel–Lindau
disease
Simon J. Newell Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St James’s UniversityHospital, Leeds, UK1.4 Renal function in the newborn infant
Chas G. Newstead Department of Renal medicine, St James’s UniversityHospital, Leeds, UK13.3.4 Recurrent disease and de novo disease
Patrick Niaudet Nephrologie Paediatrique, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades,Paris, France3.5 Minimal change and focal–segmental glomerular sclerosis
Michael Nicholson Division of Transplant Surgery, Leicester General Hospital,Leicester, UK13.3.1 Surgery and surgical complications
Juan F. Macías-Núñez Unidad de Hipertension, Hospital Universitario deSalamanca, Salamanca, Spain1.5 The ageing kidney14.2 Chronic renal failure in the elderly
Christopher Olbricht Klinik fur Nieren-und Hochdruckkrankheiten, KatharineHospital, Stuttgart, Germany12.3 Haemodialysis, haemofiltration, and complications of technique
Stephan R. Orth Dialysis Centre Schwandorf, Schwandorf, Germany4.12.2 Smoking and the kidney
Kazuo Ota Director, Ota Medical Research Institute, Chouo-ku, Tokyo, Japan12.2 Vascular access
Edgar Otto Research Investigator, Department of Pediatrics, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA16.1 Strategies for the investigation of inherited renal disease
Biff F. Palmer Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of InternalMedicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas SouthwesternMedical School, Dallas, Texas, USA2.6 Clinical acid–base disorders
Vicente Arroyo Pérez Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clinic 1Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain10.6.4 Acute renal failure in liver disease
Phuong-Chi T. Pham Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Divisionof Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School ofMedicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA13.3.2 The early management of the recipient
Phuong-Thu T. Pham Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Division ofNephrology, Kidney Transplant Program, David Geffen School ofMedicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA13.3.2 The early management of the recipient
xxviii
Yves Pirson Department of Nephrology, University of Louvain MedicalSchool, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Faculté de médecine, Brussels,Belgium16.2.2 Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
Wolfgang Pommer Director, Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology,Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany6.2 Analgesic nephropathy
Claudio Ponticelli Professor and Director, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis,Istituto Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Milano, Milan, Italy1.6.2.iii Renal biopsy—procedure and complications1.6.2.v Living donor workup1.7 Renal biopsy: indications for and interpretation4.7.2 Systemic lupus erythematosus (clinical)11.3.13 Dermatological disorders
Dominique Prié Assistant Professor INSERM U 426, Department ofPhysiology, Xavier Bichat Medical Faculty, Paris, France1.3 The clinical assessment of renal function
Charles D. Pusey Renal Section, Division of Medicine, Imperial College,Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK3.10 Crescentic glomerulonephritis
Uwe Querfeld Director, Pediatric Nephrology, Department of PediatricNephrology, Charité Campus, Virchow Klinkum Children’s Hospital,Berlin, Germany14.1 Chronic renal failure in children
Wolfgang Rascher Professor of Pediatrics, Head and Chairman, Departmentof Pediatrics, Erlangen, Germany9.9 The hypertensive child17.4 Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract
Andrew J. Rees Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Instituteof Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK3.11 Antiglomerular basement disease
Giuseppe Remuzzi Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti diBergamo, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo,Italy11.3.12 Coagulation disorders
Eberhard Ritz Emeritus Professor of Nephrology, Department of InternalMedicine, Division of Nephrology, Heidelberg, Germany4.1 The patient with diabetes mellitus9.8 Malignant hypertension11.3.4 Hypertension11.3.5 Cardiovascular risk factors11.3.9 Skeletal disorders14.3 The diabetic patient with impaired renal function
Paul J. Roderick Senior Lecturer in Public Health Medicine, Applied ClinicalEpidemiology Group, Community Clinical Sciences Research Division,School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK1.9 The epidemiology of renal disease
Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe Professor of Medicine and Chief of Nephrology,Hospital Universitario, Universidad del Zulia and Director, Instituto deInvestigaciones Biomedicas, Maracaibo, Venezuela3.9 Acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis
Marie-Odile Rolland Laboratoire de Biochimie Pediatrique, HospitalkDebrousse, Lyon, France16.5.2 The primary hyperoxalurias
Claudio Ronco Director, Department of Nephrology, St Bortolo Hospital,Vicenza, Italy10.4 Renal replacement methods in acute renal failure
Pierre M. Ronco Renal Department and INSERM, Unité 489, Hôpital Tenon,Paris, France4.3 Kidney involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias
Wolfgang H. Rösch Kinderurologische Abteilung der Universität Regensburg,In der Klinik St Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany17.4 Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract
Luis M. Ruilope Univdad de Hipertension, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid,Spain9.3 The kidney and control of blood pressure
Rémi Salomon INSERM U574 and Department of Pediatric Nephrology,Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France16.3 Nephronophthisis
John Savill Professor of Medicine, Vice Principal and Head of the College ofMedicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK3.2 Glomerular injury and glomerular response
Franz Schaefer Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children’sHospital, Heidelberg, Germany11.3.2 Endocrine disorders
Francesco Paolo Schena University of Bari, Renal Unit, Policlinico, Bari, Italy3.6 IgA nephropathies
Michael Schömig Sektion Nephrologie, Heidelberg, Germany9.6 Hypertension and unilateral renal parenchymal disease
Melvin M. Schwartz Professor of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center,Chicago, Illinois, USA4.2.2 Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathy
John E. Scoble Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Guy’sHospital, London, UK9.5 Ischaemic nephropathy10.6.5 Ischaemic renal disease
Katarina Sebekova Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava,Slovakia19.3 Action and clinical use of diuretics
Günter Seyffart Head, Dialysis Center, Bad Homburg, Germany10.5 Dialysis and haemoperfusion treatment of acute poisoning
David G. Shirley Research Fellow and Honorary Reader, Royal Free &University College Medical School, London, UK5.1 The structure and function of tubules
Caroline Silve Senior Investigator, INSERM U 426, Department of Physiology,Xavier Bichat Medical Faculty, Paris, France2.4 Hypo–hyperphosphataemia
H. Anne Simmonds Purine Research Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge,London, UK6.4 Uric acid and the kidney16.5.3 Inherited disorders of purine metabolism and transport
Visith Sitprija Director, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red CrossSociety, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand10.7.3 Acute renal failure in the tropical countries
Philip H. Smith 2 Creskeld Lane, Bramhope LS16 9AW, UK18.5 Tumours of the prostate
John S. Smyth Department of Renal Medicine, Guy’s, St Thomas’ NHS Trust,London, UK10.6.5 Ischaemic renal disease
Patrick G.J.F. Starremans Department of Paediatrics & Cell Physiology,University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands5.5 Hypokalaemic tubular disorders
Vladisav Stefanovic Professor of Medicine, Institute of Nephrology andHaemodialysis, University School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis,Yugoslavia6.7 Balkan nephropathy
Coen A. Stegeman Associate Professor of Nephrology, Department ofNephrology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands4.5.1 Pathogenesis of angiitis
Henk Stevens Consultant in Nuclear Medicine, Department of NuclearMedicine, University Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands1.6.1.vii Isotope scanning
Terry B. Strom Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Chief, Divisionof Immunology, BI-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA13.2.1 The immunology of transplantation
xxix
Frank Strutz Universitätsklinikum/Innere Medizin, Abteilung für Nephrologieund Rheumatologie, Göttingen, Germany6.1 Mechanisms of interstitial inflammation
Manikkam Suthanthiran Chief, Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine,Stanton Griffis Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Cornell UniversityMedical College, New York, USA13.2.1 The immunology of transplantation
Dante Tagliavini Cattedra di Nefrologia, Ospedale Maggiore, Parma, Italy12.1 Dialysis strategies
Richard L. Tannen University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA2.2 Hypo–hyperkalaemia
Antonio Tarantino Divisione Di Nefrologia, Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS,Milan, Italy4.6 The patient with mixed cryoglobulinaemia and hepatitis C infection
James Tattersall Department of Nephrology, St James’s University Hospital,Leeds, UK12.5 Adequacy of dialysis
C. Mark Taylor Department of Nephrology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital,Birmingham, UK10.6.3 Acute renal failure associated with microangiopathy (haemolytic–
uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
Hans-Göran Tiselius Professor of Urology, Department of Urology, HuddingeUniversity Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden8.1 Aetiological factors in stone formation
Wai Y. Tse Department of Nephrology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK6.3 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the kidney
A. Neil Turner Professor of Nephrology, University of Edinburgh, Renal &Autoimmunity Group, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK3.2 Glomerular injury and glomerular response3.11 Antiglomerular basement disease
William H. Turner Consultant Urologist, Addenbrooks NHS Trust,Cambridge, UK18.4 Tumours of the bladder
Robert J. Unwin St Peter’s Professor of Nephrology, Centre for Nephrology,Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK5.1 The structure and function of tubules
Seppo Vainio Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa,Finland17.1 The development of the kidney and renal dysplasia
Bernard E. Van Beers Professor of Radiology, Universite Catholique deLouvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium1.6.1.v CT scanning and helical CT
Nele Van Den Noortgate Department of Internal Medicine, Division ofGeriatric Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium10.7.4 The elderly
Charles van Ypersele Professor of Medicine, Universite Catholique de Louvain,Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium6.8 Chinese herbs (and other rare causes of interstitial nephropathy)10.6.6 Hantavirus infection11.3.10 �2M Amyloidosis
William G. van’t Hoff Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist, Great OrmondStreet Hospital for Children, NHS Trust, London, UK5.3 Fanconi syndrome8.5 Renal and urinary tract stone disease in children
Raymond Camille Vanholder Nephrology Department, University HospitalGhent, Ghent, Belgium10.2 Acute renal failure: pathophysiology and prevention10.7.4 The elderly11.3.1 Uraemic toxicity
Patrick J.W. Venables Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty ofMedicine, The Charing Cross Hospital Campus, Arthritis ResearchCampaign Building, London, UK4.10 The patient with Sjögren’s syndrome and overlap syndromes
Christoph Wanner Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology,University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany11.3.4 Hypertension
Richard P. Wedeen Professor of Medicine, Professor of Preventive Medicineand Community Health, UMDNJ—New Jersey Medical School andAssociate Chief of Staff for Research and Development, Departmentof Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange,New Jersey, USA6.5 Nephrotoxic metals
Pieter M. Ter Wee Department of Nephrology, Vrije Universiteit AcademicMedical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands11.2 Assessment and initial management of the patient with failing renal
function
Richard B. Weiner Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, SUNY HealthSciences Center at Brooklyn and Director, Children’s Psychiatric ImpatientUnit, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kings County HospitalCenter, Brooklyn, New York, USA12.7 Psychological aspects of treatment for renal failure
Ulrich Wenzel Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology,Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany9.4 The effects of hypertension on renal vasculature and structure
Jack F.M. Wetzels University Medical Center St Radboud, Division ofNephrology 545, Nijmegen, The Netherlands1.8 Immunological investigation of the patient with renal disease
Peter Whelan Department of Urology, St James’s University Hospital,Leeds, UK18.3 Tumours of the renal pelvis and ureter
Hugh Whitfield Department of Urology, Battle Hospital, Reading,Berkshire, UK8.3 The surgical management of renal stones
Alan H. Wilkinson Professor of Medicine, Director Kidney & Kidney/PancreasTransplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine, University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA13.3.2 The early management of the recipient
Robert Wilkinson Department of Nephrology, The Freeman Hospital, HighHeaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK9.2 Clinical approach to hypertension
K. Martin Wissing Departement Medico-Chirurgical de Nephrologie, Dialyseet Transplantation, Hopital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium13.2.2 Immunosuppression for renal transplantation
Oliver Wrong University College London, Department of Nephrology,Middlesex Hospital, London, UK8.4 Nephrocalcinosis
Muhammad Magdi Yaqoob Professor and Lead Consultant in Nephrology,Department of Renal Medicine & Transplantation, The Royal LondonHospital, Whitechapel, London, UK17.3 The patient with urinary tract obstruction
Jerry Yee Division Head, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension,Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA2.6 Clinical acid–base disorders
Michael Zellweger Nephrology Fellow, Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada5.6 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Carla Zoja Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo,Italy11.3.12 Coagulation disorders
