climate prediction coprocessor

8/12/2019 Climate Prediction Coprocessor

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Grand Challenge Problems : Computational Climate Prediction

A possible solution :

A Low Complexity Dynamic Grid Coprocessorfor Distributed Computing

Do you see any design logic or any other !ind of error"Do you see any design logic or any other !ind of error"

ContactContact

Climate Prediction CP#Climate Prediction CP#

dist$% at &uno dot comdist$% at &uno dot com

http:''hireme(gee!(n)'Climate Prediction Coprocessor
http://hireme.geek.nz/http://hireme.geek.nz/http://hireme.geek.nz/


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5ow is modern numerical forecasting done"

*umerical atmosphere models are initiali)ed using data collected from radiosondes

weather satellites and surface weather obser,ations(


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Contrasts (goals) *;Ps .predict weather/ GC0s .predict climate/

4patial co,erage 8egional or Global Global

9>> !m$/ #sually H $>> !m$

8ele,ance of initial conditions 5igh 0edium to Low

8ele,ance of clouds radiation 5igh 0edium

8ele,ance of surface .land iceocean(((/

0edium to Low 5igh

8ele,ance of ocean dynamics Low 5igh

8ele,ance of model stability 0edium to Low 5igh

minutes to I> minutes

Physics 3uations of motion .plus radiati,e transfer e3uations waterconser,ation e3uations ((/

0ethods 7inite difference expression of continuous e3uations or spectralrepresentationJ run prognostically

0aximum time step Controlled by spatial resolution .C7L condition/



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non local

,orxel readsper

computation

but 9$ local

reads

.M>*N $ML/ R K9I

edge ,orxel mapping

cost K=

.in the form of a $

x M array/

*>9 *>$ *>% *>M *>= *>I

*>Q 9 $ % M *>

*> = I Q *9>

*99 *9$ *9% *9M *9= *I

S.%/ neighbors',orxelT x MO

S.=/ neighbors',orxelT x M

.$> O 9$/ R %$

non local

reads per

computationbut .9$ O $>/

R %$ local

reads

.%$* %$L/ R K> edge

,orxel mapping cost

KI


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Current 0odels and 0odeling

4o simulate the entire system on your computer N that will wor! right"

>( *ot one of these apps uses the distributed groups of ,orxelsapproach in spite of its possible ad,antages(


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5adC0% Coupling


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A problem in search of a CP#

A comparison between global and regional resolution in climate modeling



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xample of C#DA processing flow

9( Copy data from main memory to GP# memory

$( CP# instructs the process to GP#

%( GP# execute parallel in each core

M( Copy the result from GP# memory to main memory


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7lynn-s taxonomy

0ichael ?( 7lynn created one of the earliest classification systems for parallel .and

se3uential/ computers and programs now !nown as 7lynn-s taxonomy( 7lynn classified

programs and computers by whether they were operating using a single set or multiple

sets of instructions whether or not those instructions were using a single or multiple setsof data(


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+nstructionle,el parallelism

A canonical fi,estage pipeline in a 8+4C machine

+7 R +nstruction 7etch

+D R +nstruction Decode

E R xecute

00 R 0emory access

;6 R 8egister write bac!/

A fi,estage pipelined superscalar processor capable of issuing two instructions per

cycle( +t can ha,e two instructions in each stage of the pipeline for a total of up to 9>instructions .shown in green/ being simultaneously executed(



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*oteworthy application specific coprocessors

D;a,e was spun out of the #ni,ersity of 6ritish Columbia .#6C/ in 9 to

commerciali)e superconductorbased 3uantum computer processors(

Xuantum computers .XCs/ use 3uantum mechanics .X0/ the rules that underlie the

beha,ior of all matter and energy to accelerate computation( +t has been !nown for

some time that once some simple features of X0 are harnessed machines will be built

capable of outperforming any concei,able con,entional supercomputer( XCs are not &ust

inherently faster than con,entional computers( >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

times more difficult to sol,e than a typical %>electron system(

As of the late$>>>s most %> electron 3uantum systems ma!e most highend

supercomputers cho!e or outright fail(


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*oteworthy generali)ed coprocessors

Asynchronous Array of Simple Processors (AsAP) project

>=( Current data suggests that this is the highest cloc! rate fabricated

processor designed in any uni,ersity(

A 9% mm x 9% mm chip utili)ing the exact same design in > nm C0B4would contain more than 9>>> processors and be capable of more than 9


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Another possible CP# solution originating from the Game Console trade

The GM107 GPU contains one GPC, five Maxwell Streaming Multiprocessors SMM!,

an" two #$%&it memor' controllers 1()%&it total!*

This is the full implementation of the chip, an" is the same configuration we ship with

the Ge+orce GT 7-0 Ti*



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Climate Prediction Coprocessor: Design Goals Z Philosophy .o,er,iew/

Create a 9>> 05) coprocessor that is capable of running a global climate simulation at aresolution of 9W x 9W .or less K%I>$R 9$I>> ,orxels/ with a complete model update rate of 9

5)(

A computable ,orxel here is considered to be something li!e

8ecord S real data[current19$2J real data[pre,ious19$2J T '' 8eal R %$ bit signed real number

#8 with a fabrication cost for the chip itself of $> #8(


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Climate Prediction Coprocessor: Design Goals Z Philosophy

in future( be controlled by a Power PC I>9 Core or whate,er is also used by



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O>(>/ x x 9 .super,isory/

*BP *A *A $

CALL4#6 *A *A 9

8 or >(>/ *B< >T x x %

CALL 4#6 +7 8G 0AE or 0+* x x M

A*D .9/ *A x 9

*A*D .9/ *A x $

B8 .9/ *A x %

*B8 .9/ *A x M

EB8 .9/ *A x =

*B< .9/ *A x I

8otate Left .9/ *A x 9

8otate 8ight .9/ *A x $

4hift Left .9/ *A x %

4hift 8ight .9/ *A x M

ADD x x 9

4#6


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Instruction 40 bit float 40 bit signed int Total of Instructions

sin.x/ 1degrees2 x *A 9

cos.x/ 1degrees2 x *A $

Log[9>.x/ x *A %

xp.x/ x *A M

abs.x/ x x =

+n,erse x *A I

DC


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Climate Prediction Coprocessor: +nstruction 4et Architecture .o,er,iew/

6+< ] >9 >$ >% >M >= >I >Q > > 9> 99 9$ 9% 9M 9= 9I 9Q 9 9 $>

+nstruction

*BP 9 9 9 > > > > 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9*BP 9 9 9 9 > > > > > > > > > > C C C C C C

84< > > > > > > > 4 4 4 4 4 4 > > > > > > >

84< > > > 9 > > > 4 4 4 4 4 4 > > > C C C C

CALL > > 9 > ] ] ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C C C

8 > 9 > ] ] ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C C C

0A 9 > E ] ] ] 4 4 4 4 4 4 D D D D D D C

0A 9 > E ] ] ] 4 4 4 4 4 4 > > > > > > C

LBG+C > 9 > E ] ] ] 4 4 4 4 4 4 D D D D D D C

LBG+C .\/ > 9 > E ] ] ] 4 4 4 4 4 > > > > > > > C

D4P./ > 9 9 E ] ] ] 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 C

D4P./ > 9 9 E ] ] ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D C

Climate Prediction Coprocessor: +nstruction 4et Architecture .o,er,iew/

\ ;here source and destination registers are the

same(

] +nstructions from the instruction set(

pro,isional instruction format

0 Absolute Address 6it .local memory only/(

S4 4ource 8egister D Destination 8egisterT

C or ConditionJ ,aries depending on instruction asto its meaning

Pri,ileged instruction mode E R *o pri,ilegedinstructions in this mode

> instructions to be fit into %$! $I$9> instructions to be held in IM!

=$M>> instructions to be held in 9$!

CALL: ?ump to memory address either

subroutine or blind(

0A>>>>> then 9

*BP state else increment by CCCCCCJ this

allows up to IM wait sates to be issued in oneinstruction(

84 or O>(>/ CCC R>>> if applicable to register indicated else

repeat operation for register O9 .CCC R >>9/ to OQ

.999/(

*E bit call should be supported( *E stands for

*o eEecute( *E technology is used in GP#s to

segregate areas of memory for use by eitherstorage of processor instructions .or code/ or for

storage of data( +t is an important CP# security

feature to pre,ent execution of data(



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Climate Prediction Coprocessor: Architecture .register si)es/

#egister type #egister $idth #egister format %otes

7loating point M> 7> to 7%9 7>(9 9stbyteJ 7>($ $ndbyte(((

4igned +nt M> 4> to 4%9 4>(9 9stbyteJ 4>($ $ndbyte(((

Address registers $> A> to AQ 7or local address math

Code ' Data Demarcation $> AA Allow 9! to I%! for program or data

xception register 9$ 8G . bits/ O 88 .M bits/

5ow should the Power PC ,iew the indi,idual coprocessors .,ia the Coprocessor +nterface #nit/"

General Principles


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G6 5ard Dis! that only powers up e,ery M hours for data bac!up synchroni)ation thernet Port

ideo Card for setup and monitoring

M #46 Ports



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5elp needed5elp needed>>>> 4D8s4D8sto become ,iable(to become ,iable(

Contact me on ban! transfer information if you wish to donate money to thisContact me on ban! transfer information if you wish to donate money to this

research pro&ect(research pro&ect(

Climate Prediction .as well as fluid dynamics of the outer planets and the earth-sClimate Prediction .as well as fluid dynamics of the outer planets and the earth-s

magnetic field/ will remain an insurmountable computational problem for manymagnetic field/ will remain an insurmountable computational problem for many

more decades unless a CP# is designed that can cope with the tas! with as littlemore decades unless a CP# is designed that can cope with the tas! with as little added complexity to the host system as possible(added complexity to the host system as possible(


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Created by Briginal Concept Last 0odified Last 8e,ision 8e,ision 4tate

0ax Power $$ *o,ember $>> $= 7ebruary $>9M 4ee (==rQ

8e,ision 9M Add $ GP# types delete 8andom instruction fix readability

climate prediction coprocessor

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