Climate Change / Variability Adaptation Options

GEF-FAO-BIRDS Strategic Pilot on Adaptation to Climate Change (SPACC) ProjectExtension Education Institute, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad

28th June 2011 

In the life of a farmer climate Variability and 

Extreme events are more important 

than climate change

Climate Change / Variability in Semi-arid regions

Precipitation is less than potential evapotranspiration.

Low annual rainfall of 25 to 60 centimeters and having scrubby vegetation with short, coarse grasses; not completely arid.

Climate Change / Variability in Semi-arid regions

Climate Variability and extremes are an expected characteristic of semi-arid lands.

The people vulnerable to droughts, which trigger frequent subsistence crises 

Increasing crop failures, dislocation, famine, poverty, increases stratification and the social inequities.

AFPRO 5Human / Social Natural / Environmental / Physical Economic / Political

SCENARIO 1

Policies/Structures Vulnerability Adaptability

Rural Poverty Livelihoods Diversification

Appropriate Skills Water Management

Agriculture Production Water Resources

Energy

Climate Change

Community Empowerment

Bio Diversity

“VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ENHANSING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE

CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF INDIA”

GSBC PROJECT INTEGRATED APPROACH

Major challenges of Agriculture

Climate change - variability - extremes

Soil fertility Water management

Impact of hazardous pesticides and

nitrogen fertilizers

Burning of crop residue

Alkalinity of soils

Mahabubnagar District Rainfall Pattern

y = -4.6207x + 851.14

R2 = 0.1374

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

130019

5152

1952

5319

5354

1954

5519

5556

1956

5719

5758

1958

5919

5960

1960

6119

6162

1962

6319

6364

1964

6519

6566

1966

6719

6768

1968

6919

6970

1970

7119

7172

1972

7319

7374

1974

7519

7576

1976

7719

7778

1978

7919

7980

1980

8119

8182

1982

8319

8384

1984

8519

8586

1986

8719

8788

1988

8919

8990

1990

9119

9192

1992

9319

9394

1994

9519

9596

1996

9719

9798

1998

9919

9900

2000

0120

0102

2002

0320

0304

2004

0520

0506

2006

0720

0708

2008

0920

0910

2010

1120

1112

2012

1320

1314

Crop Water

Soil Climate

Energy Environment

FACILITATION RESEARCH

ACTIVITY

CAPACITYDEVELOPMENT

Field level interventions

CULTURAL

SPIRITUA

L

BELIEFS

RITUALS

FESTIVAL

S

ALTARS

CREMATION

SOURCES (BIOMAS

S)

GOOD STOVES• T

LUDs

• Other stoves

CROP

RESIDUE

POULTRY

LITTER

WASTE MANAGEMENT• S

ludge

PRACTICES

FOOD

PRESERVING FOOD

CLEANING

MEDICINE

MATTRESS

TOOTH POWDERAIR

QUALITY• CO2

/ CH4

WATER TREATME

NT

AQUARIUM /

TERRARIUMS

BIOCHAR BRICKS

BIOCHAR URINALS

SOAK PITS

FILTERING MEDIA

INSECT REPELLEN

T

SOIL AMENDMENT

INCREASED PRODUCTION

SOIL TEMPERATURE

REGULATED

MOISTURE RETENTION

WATER CONSERVATION

NITROGEN / PHOSPHOROUS

RETENTION

NURSERIESPESTICIDES ADBSORBTION

SOIL MICROBES DENSITY INCREASE

BIOCHAR COMPOST

EARTHWORMS INCREASE

TERMITES / ANTS REPULSION

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

ANIMAL

S

POULTRY - CH4 REDUCTION

LIVESTOCK

- URIN

E AND DUN

G

FYM /

COMPOST

BIOMASS

BIOCHAR

ENERGY

BIOCHARCULTURE

Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, GEOhttp://e-geo.org | http://biocharculture.com

SOIL

BIOCHAR

BIOCHAR COMPOST

AGRICUTURE

PADDY METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION

PESTICIDE & COMPLEX

CHEMICALS AFFECTS

MITIGATION

EMMISIONS REDUCTION FROM FARM

YARD MANURES AND

COMPOSTS

CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT

ANIMALS

APPLICATION IN ANIMAL

PLACES TO TAP URINE,

SANITATION AND

EMISSIONS REDUCTION

RUMINANT ANIMALS METHANE EMISSIONS

REDUCTION AS FEED ADDITIVE

SOAKING IN WITH ANIMALS

URINE AND EXCRETA -

VALUE ADDITION

ENERGY

SOURCE FROM EFFICIENT TLUD COOK STOVES

AS BY PRODUCT FROM GASIFIER

STOVES, BOILERS ETC

CHARCOAL PRODUCTION

FROM BIOMASS /

WASTE MANAGEMENT

HABITAT

BIOCHAR BRICKS

BIOCHAR IN AQUARIUMS

BIOCHAR IN POULTRY FARMS

BIOCHAR IN FRIDGES,

MATTRESSES, ETC.

SANITATION

BIOCHAR URINALS

BIOCHAR TOILETS

BIOCHAR IN CATTLE SHEDS

CLEANING PLATES / UTENSILS

BATHING

HEALTH

CLEANING TEETH

BIOCHAR TABLETS

BIOCHAR IN FOOD AS PART

OF FOOD PREPARATIONS

WATER

WATER PURIFICATION – COLOR, ODOR, REMOVAL OF

HARMFUL ELEMENTS,

ETC.

RITUAL / SPIRITUAL / RELIGIOUS / PRACTICES

FIRE / ALTAR / YAGNAS /

AGNIHOTRA

FIRE DURING FESTIVALS

CREMATIONS

NATURAL / ARTIFICIAL

FIRES IN FORESTS /

FIELDS, ETC.

BIOCHARCULTURE

Biocharculture

Biocharculture is the process of using Biochar, including cultivation of crops

•Biochar is the charcoal produced from carbonaceous source material. Sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems•Biocharculture is one of the means to integrate for sustainable cultivation and carbon sequestration.•Biochar is usually produced at around temperatures 300 to 600 degrees centigrade for example as found in the common biomass cook stoves.•Because of its macromolecular structure dominated by aromatic C, Biochar is more recalcitrant to microbial decomposition than uncharred organic matter

Biocharculture Adaptation benefitsSecuring the crop from

drought and climate variabiiity

Reclaim the degraded soils, water conservation,

Lessen the impact of hazardous pesticides

and complex chemicals & to reduce plant

uptake.

reducing emissions and increasing the

sequestration of greenhouse gases

Conversion of crop residue into Biochar an

option and address carbon sequestration

Increase in crop yieldincreases in C, N, pH, and available P to the

plantsImpacts of Biochar last more than 1000 years.

Temperature regulation in the soil

Reduction in leaching of the bio / chem fertilizers applied

Increase in the soil microbes / worms at the biochar and soil

interface

CONTROL AND BIOCHAR - OKRA

Farmers focus80% ON CROP20% ON SOIL

BIOCHAR COMPOST

APPLICATION IN THE FIELDS

OKRA - CONTROL AND BIOCHAR PLOTS

CONTROL BIOCHAR COMPOST 4 KGS 8 KGS 12 KGS

1.5 FEET 6 FEET

CONTROL

BIOCHAR

Adaptation Objective

Initiatives Requirement

1 Better management of soil moisture

SMC conservation Addition of OM (compost, manures, GM,GLM) Cover crop, mulching, residue incorporation

- Support for Labor Cost

- Biomass availability

2 Efficient use of Ground water

Minimising the ground water usage for critical irrigation. Social regulations to control competitive digging of bore wells

- Credit support

- Community support

Increasing efficiency of water use

SRI under borewell and tanks

- Comm.support- Technical support

Micro-irrigation methods (drips, spriklers)

- Credit/financial support

Strategies to be followed in designing adaptations

Adaptation Objectives

Initiatives Requirement

3 Diversify crop / farm systems

Crop diversification from wheat, paddy to millets, Maize, Sorghum

Mono cropping to intercropping, mixed cropping

Soil fertility improvement through cropping systems

Encouraging horticulture

Biomass improvement/ integration of Multi-Purpose Trees

Improved implements

Easing bullock constraint

- Drought , stress r resistant varieties

- Timely availability of seeds, contingency seeds

- Credit for seeds

- CB on technology

- Good planting material

- Timely availability of implements

- Timely availability of

drought power- Marketing support

Adaptation Objectivr Initiatives Requirement

4 Strengthening livestock production system

Health care system for preventive diseases Strengthening sheep and goat systems through CIG concept. Strengthening Fisheries production

- Support for man power

- Technical support

5 Promoting alternate livelihood activities for income

Promoting back yard poultry Heifer rearing Ram lamb rearing actvity

- Credit support

- Technical support

6 Creating Buffers Community managed fodder banks

Seed Banks to maintain buffer seed and seeds of contingent crops

- Infrastructure

- Capacity Building

- Manpower

BIOCHAR RESULTS

GSBC PROJECT, 2009 (DORUGHT PREVAILED DURING THE GROWING SEASON)

Methane Emissions from paddy fields

Biochar – livestock urine

BIOCHAR URINALS

TAPPING NITROGEN FROM URINE OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR

MAGH SERIES BIOCHAR PRODUCING STOVES

GOOD STOVES

http://goodsto

ve.com

MAGH SERIES BIOCHAR PRODUCING STOVES

NO SMOKING

WATER  –   LESS  PLANTS

BIOCHAR LINKS

Terra Preta Info - Indian conextBiochar ExperimentsBiochar - Alkaline soilsBiochar - Alkaline soils reportCharcoal production

Biochar ProductionMagh Biochar RetortGEO mini metal kilnARTI - Charcoal Biochar PlantsProsopis JulifloraProsopis Juliflora report

StovesMagh series tlud woodgas or microgasifier stovesAnila

Biochar UrineBiochar Urinals

Biochar Soil lifeTermitesEarthworms

Pottery ShardsIn soils

CleaningBiochar for Cleaning

Green BuildingsBiochar Bricks

Rural TrashBiochar plus

GSBC PROJECT ON CNN

BIOCHAR INDIA | BIOCHARCULTURE | GOOD STOVE

WE WANT SECUREWE WANT SECURE

Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar ReddyChief Executive Officer [CEO], 

GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION [GEO] http://e-geo.org