CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL PROCESS

SOCIAL PROCESSIt refers to the recurrent and patterned interactions or responses of individuals to one another which have attained stability. Is classified according to certain bases such as based on formation and based on unity and opposition

BASED ON FORMATION1. Basic or Universal Social Processes

2. Derived Social Processes

1. Basic or Universal Social Processes-it refers to patterned and recurrent responses observable in all human societies.

3 UNIVERSAL SOCIAL PROCESSES:a. COOPERATION - it involves two or more persons joining their intelligence, efforts, talents, and resources together to attain a goal which can be shared. - it is a kind of conjoint action or an alliance of persons or groups seeking some common goal or reward.

Types of Cooperation:Informal Cooperation is characterized as a spontaneous and involves mutual give and take.Formal Cooperation - is characterized as a deliberate contractual nature and prescribes the reciprocal rights and obligations of members.Symbolic Cooperation - is a situation where two or more persons live together harmoniously and are supportive and interdependent, resulting in mutual self-interest.

Functions of Cooperation:It makes for social cohesion and integration among the members of a group.It contributes to social stability and order.It fosters consensus and compromise in various social issue.

3 UNIVERSAL SOCIAL PROCESSES:b. COMPETITION - is a form of impersonalized struggle or opposition to secure a reward or goal which cannot be shared. - the reward or goal can be a prize, material object, position, leadership, prestige, or power. - it is a form of disjoint action between opposing individuals or groups aimed to excel, surpass or outdo the opponent in order to achieve the goal. - is carried on by peaceful means and is guided by a common set of regulations and values.

Types of Competition:Personal Competition - involves direct, face-to-face contact between opposing partiesImpersonal Competition - involves a struggle between persons or groups not directly aware of each other.

Functions of Competition:Competition individuals or groups try to outdo each other and thereby innovate ways to do so.Competition can be a driving force to persons to develop their potentials to the fullest and attain maximum efficiency and effectiveness.Competition can develop productivity, creativity, and ingenuity.Competition of members of a society for certain goals and the competition for scarce resources lead to variation or differentiation.

3 UNIVERSAL SOCIAL PROCESSES:c. CONFLICT - is a form of highly personalized and emotionalized struggle or opposition between individuals or groups to attain scarce goals or values. - efforts are directed to neutralize, injure or eliminate rivals. - may involve physical violence or non- violence. Non- violent conflicts include cold wars and psychological warfare.

Functions of Conflict:Conflicts may help establish unity and cohesion within a group which has been threatened by hostile and antagonistic feelings among the members. Internal conflicts becomes a stabilizing and integrating mechanism in certain instances.Conflicts provides an outlet for the expression of suppressed emotions and frustrations.Competition and conflict promote social change.

2. Derived Social Processes-refers to secondary social processes that arise out of the basic social processes.

5 DERIVED SOCIAL PROCESSES:a. Acculturation - is a social process where a group blends in and takes on some characteristics of another culture. - it is also called cultural borrowing or cultural imitation

5 DERIVED SOCIAL PROCESSES:b. Assimilation - involves some kind of interpenetration or fusion of cultural elements whereby persons or groups accept the cultural traits, attitudes, beliefs and sentiments of another through direct, friendly and continuous contacts.

5 DERIVED SOCIAL PROCESSES:c. Amalgamation - refers to some kind of biological fusion through intermarriage of persons coming from different ethnic groups

5 DERIVED SOCIAL PROCESSES:d. Differentiation - refers to the creation of interests resulting in individuals or groups needing or wanting different things or services rather than the same thing. - refers to specialization or division of labor.

5 DERIVED SOCIAL PROCESSES:e. Accommodation - refers to the social process whereby competing or conflicting individuals or groups thresh out difficulties in order to minimize, if not stop, the conflict. - conflicting parties enter into some forms of agreement to lessen or withdraw their demands in the interest of peace.

Types of Accommodation:Domination - is a process that involves a dominant- subordinate relationship where the stronger party imposes its will upon the weaker party. It involves power relations.Truce or Pact - is an agreement to cease hostilities or fighting for a certain period of time.

Types of Accommodation:Compromise - is a process of settling differences where opposing parties withdraw or give up their demands to adjust their relationship. It involves a give-and-take relationship, the mutual giving of concessions.Mediation - is a form of settling disputes where a neutral third party intervenes and gives suggestions or recommendations to warring nations or parties to stop their hostilities.

Types of Accommodation:Conciliation - is an accommodative processes where the third party or neutral party can be anybody to settle disputes and who may or may not give recommendations to settle the conflict.Arbitration - is an accommodative social process where the neutral third party has legal authority to decide on the conflict. His/her decision is followed by the opposing parties.

Types of Accommodation:Toleration - is a form of accommodation without formal agreement. - is a result of the live and let live policy where conflicting individuals or groups put up with others without trying to modify the behavior of the others.

BASED ON UNITY OR OPPOSITION1. Conjunctive Social Processes - refers to patterned forms of social interactions which lead to unity, organization, cooperation and harmony. - include cooperation, acculturation, assimilation, differentiation, amalgamation and accommodation.

BASED ON UNITY OR OPPOSITION2. Disjunctive Social Processes - refer to patterned forms of social interactions which lead to disunity, disorganization, division and disharmony. - includes competition and conflict.