classical greece and rome

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A Comparison Classical Greece and Rome

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Classical Greece and Rome. A Comparison. GREECE. ROME. Geography. Greece. Rome. Established city-states along the eastern Mediterranean and into parts of southern Europe. Empire extended from modern Greece to the border of India to the east. (see pg. 80-81). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Classical Greece and Rome

A Comparison

Classical Greece and Rome

Page 2: Classical Greece and Rome

GREECE

ROME

Page 3: Classical Greece and Rome

GreeceEstablished city-

states along the eastern Mediterranean and into parts of southern Europe.

Empire extended from modern Greece to the border of India to the east. (see pg. 80-81)

Started in the Italian peninsula.

Roman state extended from modern day Spain to parts of the Middle East, including territory in northern Africa. (see pg. 82)

GeographyRome

Page 4: Classical Greece and Rome

Greco-RomanDid not create a major religion.Primitive in natureBelief in the spirits of nature and a complex se of

gods.Greeks and Romans had different names for their

pantheon, but shared similar gods.Promoted political loyalty, but did not provide a basis

for ethical thought.Limitations of this religion; failed to satisfy ordinary

people, increasing division among upper class and popular beliefs.

Religion

Page 5: Classical Greece and Rome

Greek and Roman moral philosophyAristotle and Cicero – moderation and balance of

human behavior

Stoics – stressed inner moral independence, to be cultivated by strict discipline of the body and by personal bravery.

Notable thinkersSocrates – encouraged people to question conventional

wisdomPlato – “absolutely True, Good, and Beautiful”

Ethical Systems

Page 6: Classical Greece and Rome

GreeceLegacy of human

reasoningGeometryBasics theorems of

PythagorasAstronomyTheory of the sun’s

motion around a stationary earth

Preserved Hellenistic traditions in textbooks

Roman genius was more practical;Great roadsAqueductsArches

Achievements – Science & Math

Rome

Page 7: Classical Greece and Rome

GreeceGreek drama –

comedy and tragedyGreater emphasis

on tragedyPoetry

Homer – Iliad and Odyssey

Ceramic work

Literary contributions were less impressive

Painting – realistic works in the homes of the wealthy

Achievments – Literature & Art

Rome

Page 8: Classical Greece and Rome

Greece Monumental

construction in square or rectangular in shape.

Columned porticoes, with three different tops;Doric, Ionic and

CorinthianInvented “classical”

architecture

Adopted Greek themes

Temples, marketplaces, and public baths

Stadiums – ColiseumDomes

Achievements - ArchitectureRome

Page 9: Classical Greece and Rome

Polis – Greek word for city-stateCitizens actively participated in politics.ATHENSDirect Democracy – not rule through elected

representatives.Women had no rights of political participation.About half of all adult males were not citizens. SPARTAGoverned by a singular militaristic aristocracy

PoliticalGreece

Page 10: Classical Greece and Rome

RomeRome tried to use various elements of Greek

political systemsThe Roman Republic had two legislative

branches:Senate – composed mainly of aristocratsConsuls – shared primary executive power,

EXCEPT in times of crisis the Senate could choose a dictator (Caesar).

Cicero – writer/political philosopher.

Page 11: Classical Greece and Rome

Most Greeks and Romans were self-sustained farmersBecause of the geography farming was difficult,

producing grains, grapes and olives.Commercial agriculture was one of the forces of

establishing an empireTrade was important in Mediterranean civilization

Merchants had a somewhat higher status in Rome, than in Greece

Slavery was a key component of the Mediterranean economyAristotle justified slavery as a necessity in a proper

society

Economy

Page 12: Classical Greece and Rome

GreeceUnder the authority

of the menRarely appeared in

publicServed the

community by bearing and raising children

Upper class women had great influence and power within families

However in law and culture, women were inferior

Infanticide – families burdened with too many children

The oppression of women was less severe in the Mediterranean than in China or India

Social – Role of WomenRome