CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION : INDIAH.F M.S

Chapter 3

Himalayas – “subcontinent” separation from east Asia

Monsoons- make or break. Either good for harvest or flooding /drought

INDUS RIVER VALLEYS

3000 to 2500 B.C.E.Harappa & Mohenjo DaroIndoor plumbingThe start of well developed cities

ARYANS Vedic & Epic ages- Aryans invaded in 1700-1200 B.C.E Aryan Social classes- warriors, priests, farmers & common

laborers Vedic tradition

Sanskrit: literary epics Vedas: sacred books Mahabharata: greatest epic poem Ramayana: epic dealing with battles

MAURYAN EMPIRE 322 B.C.E. by Chandragupta Maurya, a warrior who

fought off Alexander’s armies and conquered the kingdoms left by him.

Ashoka- Chandragupta son! Even greater ruler! Dharma- the law of moral consequences.

GUPTA EMPIRE 320-550 C.E India's golden age No individual rulers Made decimal system & concept of 0 Buddhism was expanded

ECONOMY & SOCIETY Trade was key to India Firmly agricultural New uses for chemistry & their steel was best in

world Economic units Male dominance over women Caste system

CASTE SYSTEM Assigned people to

occupations Regulated marriages Low-caste had few rights Promoted public order Provided rules people

revolved around Unfair rules Social classes

HINDUISM NO central figure 1st texts are the Upanishads from Vedas Upanishads are basic Hindu beliefs• World soul• Universal spirit• Dharma (ethics, sense of duty) • Karma(actions)• Moksha (salvation) Reincarnation

Shiva

BUDDHISM Prince Siddhartha Gautama, warrior of the Kshatriya

class Unhappy with Hinduism Nirvana Buddha discovered 3 things

There is no individual self, no soul (unlike Hinduism) Pain is a part of life Impermanence, nothing stays the same, you do not reincarnate

MORE ON BUDDHISM 4 noble truths

Life is pain and suffering The cause of pain and suffering is desire Avoiding desire means avoiding pain The way to end suffering is the 8 Fold Path

The eight fold path Accept the 4 Noble Truths Right intention (commitment to mental growth) Right speech (no lying, be honest, say nothing wrong) Right action (do no harm) Right livelihood (your work helps others) Right effort (constant self improvement) Right mindfulness (clear conscience) Right concentration (focus)

COMPARE & CONTRAST

No single founder

Caste system

Religon base on Sacred text

dharma

Reject caste system

Nirvana

4 noble truths

Meditation

Founded by Guatama

Buddhaism Hinduism

Karma

reincar-nation

THE END