CLASSICAL CHINACLASSICAL CHINA

Zhou, Qin, and Han Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties and Confucianism, Dynasties and Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism in Daoism, and Legalism in Chinese SocietyChinese Society

Zhou Dynasty (Chou)Zhou Dynasty (Chou)

Longest dynasty in Chinese historyLongest dynasty in Chinese history Leader claimed he ruled under the Leader claimed he ruled under the

Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven Patriarchal societyPatriarchal society Filial piety was importantFilial piety was important Traded silkTraded silk

Complex language and writing Complex language and writing system 1,000 characterssystem 1,000 characters

Developed three major Developed three major philosophies to explain the nature philosophies to explain the nature of humans and the universeof humans and the universe Confucianism, Daoism, and Confucianism, Daoism, and LegalismLegalism

Traded with India and Mesopotamia but Traded with India and Mesopotamia but developed mostly in isolationdeveloped mostly in isolation

Contributions:Contributions: Rode horsesRode horses Developed very organized stateDeveloped very organized state Pottery and bronzePottery and bronze IronIron Use of ideographic symbolsUse of ideographic symbols

CONFUCIANISMCONFUCIANISM

Contemporary of BuddhaContemporary of Buddha Upset by the violence and moral Upset by the violence and moral

decay of his era decay of his era His teachings were recorded in the His teachings were recorded in the AnalectsAnalects

He was appointed as the Minister of He was appointed as the Minister of CrimeCrime

Teachings Teachings of Confuciousof Confucious Political and ethical, not spiritualPolitical and ethical, not spiritual Social order was importantSocial order was important Leaders should set a good exampleLeaders should set a good example Government service should be open to all men of superior Government service should be open to all men of superior

talenttalent Duty and humanity were centralDuty and humanity were central

DAOISMDAOISM

Based on ideas of LaoziBased on ideas of Laozi TeachingsTeachings

Not concerned with the meaning of the universeNot concerned with the meaning of the universe Sets forth proper forms of human behaviorSets forth proper forms of human behavior Concerned with the natural orderConcerned with the natural order The way to follow the will of Heaven is not The way to follow the will of Heaven is not

through action but inaction by not interfering through action but inaction by not interfering with the natural orderwith the natural order

Daoist Temple

Daoist Ritual for the Dead

LEGALISMLEGALISM

TeachingsTeachings Human beings were evil by natureHuman beings were evil by nature A strong ruler was needed to create an orderly A strong ruler was needed to create an orderly

societysociety Only harsh laws and stiff punishments for bad Only harsh laws and stiff punishments for bad

behavior and rich rewards for good behavior behavior and rich rewards for good behavior would cause the common people to serve the would cause the common people to serve the interests of the rulerinterests of the ruler

Rulers should control ideas, as well as actionsRulers should control ideas, as well as actions

Fall of the empireFall of the empire Zhou rulers declined in qualityZhou rulers declined in quality Several of the kingdom’s territories became Several of the kingdom’s territories became

powerful states that challenged the rulerpowerful states that challenged the ruler Civil war broke outCivil war broke out

QIN (CH’IN) DYNASTYQIN (CH’IN) DYNASTY Emerged after the civil war following the Zhou dynastyEmerged after the civil war following the Zhou dynasty Qin Shihuangdi was a powerful leader and the First EmperorQin Shihuangdi was a powerful leader and the First Emperor

Created a single monetary systemCreated a single monetary system Built roads throughout the empireBuilt roads throughout the empire Aggressive in foreign affairsAggressive in foreign affairs Destroyed outside rival armies and interior resistanceDestroyed outside rival armies and interior resistance Gave himself a title that had been used for godsGave himself a title that had been used for gods

EMPEROR’S (OR EMPEROR’S (OR TERRACOTTA) ARMYTERRACOTTA) ARMY

The Great WallThe Great Wall

Political changesPolitical changes Legalism was adopted as the regime’s Legalism was adopted as the regime’s

ideologyideology People who opposed the regime were People who opposed the regime were

punished or executedpunished or executed Created a highly centralized stateCreated a highly centralized state

Qin Crossbow

Fall of the Qin DynastyFall of the Qin Dynasty Qin was the only rulerQin was the only ruler Contributing factorsContributing factors

CensorshipCensorship Harsh taxesHarsh taxes Forced labor projectsForced labor projects

Followed by a period of civil warFollowed by a period of civil war

HAN DYNASTYHAN DYNASTY

Seen as a period of glory, unity, and peaceSeen as a period of glory, unity, and peace Discarded the harsh policies of the QinDiscarded the harsh policies of the Qin Renewal of learning Renewal of learning Chose officials based on merit, rather than by birthChose officials based on merit, rather than by birth

Created a civil service examCreated a civil service exam Expanded the empireExpanded the empire Silk Road linked China with Persia and other nationsSilk Road linked China with Persia and other nations PeacefulPeaceful Peasants sufferedPeasants suffered

Contributions of the Han dynastyContributions of the Han dynasty Iron casting technology, which led to Iron casting technology, which led to

invention of steelinvention of steel PaperPaper RudderRudder Fore-and-aft riggingFore-and-aft rigging China gained exposure to Buddhism from China gained exposure to Buddhism from

travelers on the Silk Roadtravelers on the Silk Road

Bronze mirror

Bronze lamp that depicts a phoenix

Silk RoadSilk Road

Han encouraged trade Han encouraged trade along with Silk Road with along with Silk Road with the westthe west

Improved roads Improved roads encouraged tradeencouraged trade

There was demand for silk There was demand for silk in India, Mesopotamia, in India, Mesopotamia, Islamic empire, and Islamic empire, and MediterraneanMediterranean

Most trade was carried out Most trade was carried out by nomadsby nomads

Provided initial framework Provided initial framework for later global trading for later global trading patternspatterns

Fall of the empireFall of the empire Nobles filled the gap Nobles filled the gap Leaders were corruptLeaders were corrupt Raids continued in the northRaids continued in the north Rebel armies sacked the Han capitalRebel armies sacked the Han capital

China plunged into civil warChina plunged into civil war The next dynasty didn’t come to power The next dynasty didn’t come to power

for 400 years for 400 years

Model of funeral tomb

Bronze lamp