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CLASS I.) 0 TE 5" JA 2-612

HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Chapter 13 Notes

HOLE'S HA&P I CHAPTER THIRTEEN

OBJECTIVES

1. Define hormone. 2. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands. 3. Explain what makes a cell a target cell for a hormone. 4. List some important functions of hormones. 5. Describe how hormones can be classified according to their chemical composition. 6. Explain how steroid and nonsteroid hormones affect their target cells. 7. Discuss how negative feedback mechanisms regulate hormone secretion. 8. Explain how the nervous system controls hormone secretion. 9. Name and describe the locations of the major endocrine glands, and list the hormones that they secrete. 10. Describe the actions of the various hormones and their contributions to homeostasis. 11. Explain how the secretion of each hormone is regulated. 12. Distinguish between physical and psychological stress. 13. Describe the general stress response. 14. Describe some of the changes associated with ageing of the endocrine system.

13.1-13.2 General Characteristics of the Endocrine System

Exocrine Endocrine

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 1

Comparing the Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Nervous System Endocrine System

Cells that produce

signal Ncoat&-5

Co 1 cliheJ 1 etr

E 1-h-,41.. I i itv,%-- (ufv.ttc ,- 1 .4.--ek co6D;d0.1,

Type of chemical

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Specificity of action ile.c.e.rforr cr". r*-1

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Speed of onset

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Duration of action

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cad". 6 i vi cic i I, , ,,r /No. e-fett.ff

a, y,e_ l 614,1 - IA./

Types of Hormones

Steroid Hormones Non-steroid Hormones

Type of Biochemical

Molecule t_ ■ PID

( waN-faa...-) PV-14S.-

c rot4e) A mi bus, f4i4iik.s, 6 (ycoek.

Method of action

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM l HA&1=7Chapter 13 page 2

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Details of Steroid /Hormone Action (table 13.4)

1.

2.

3.

4.

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Details of Steroid Hormone Action (table 1.2.4y Irl n nii 41r, • 1.

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P

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13.4 Control of Hormonal Secretions

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GHRH

Structure

Hypothalamus Pituitary

1 inch

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TRH

CRH

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HYPOTHALAMUS

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Disorders of...

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND Structure

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GH

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TSH

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ACTH

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POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

Structure

ADH

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Hormones

Disorders of...


THYROID GLAND

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Structure --Co lloid-

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T3

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Calcitonin

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Hormones

Disorders of...

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PTH

PARATHYROID GLAND

Structure

Hormone

Disorders of...

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ADRENAL GLAND

Structure

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Hormones (Medulla)

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 12 7:04Lik '1' p; it ert— (a 4 4,44,- 60.--.0(")

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Hormones (Cortex)

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Aldosterone

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Cortisol

ct

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Adrenal Androgens

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Diser4 v

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PANCREAS

Structure 6a it 3i14,Mr

Hormones (Islets)

Glucagon

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Insulin - •

•

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("14004`+, rete.Ak 4 .e.,41-1 Acid r

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resi ► it-i &414404 /wilder; cardigiLc 04-41/c-ce

SS

•

•

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..C6ntirkftr fooick fyrite-4'sli .

hthibi41 refea-st 01 410cr. 4.4-.) iniutik


Disorders of...

D ict TY sot - ; i.e.

N taro o•-


Abbreviation Type (P / S / TO) Produced by what organ? Target Cell? Effect

Thyrotropin -Releasing Hormone TRH P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Causes release of TSH

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Causes release of LH, FSH

Growth Hormone -Releasing Hormone GHRH P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Causes release of GH

Corticotropin -Releasing Hormone CRH P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Causes release of ACTH

Somatostatin SS P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Inhibits release of GH

Dopamine (Prolactin release - inhibiting Hormone) Phil TD Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Inhibits release of PRL

Thyroid.Stimulating Hormone TSH P Anterior Pituitary Thyroid Causes release of Thyroid Hormones

Follicie-Stimualting Hormone FSH P Anterior Pituitary Ovaries / Testes Women: development of follicles

Male: Stimulates production of sperm

teutinizing Hormone ' LH P Anterior Pituitary Ovaries/Testes Men: test production Women: development of

the corpus leuteum / Ovulation

Proiactin PRL P Anterior Pituitary Mammary Glands

Stimulates growth of mammary glands and

encourages milk production after birth... Men:

inhibits LH

Growth Hormone GH P Anterior Pituitary Epiphysial Plate, Muscles

Cell division, grwoth in long bones, encourages

uptake of a.a., increases prtein synthesis,

encourages cells to use fats not carbs

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH P Anterior Pituitary Adrenal CORTEX Causes release of hormones from the adrenal

cortex

Curytocin OT P Posterior Pituitary Uterine Wall / Breast Pormotes lactation and prepares uterine wall for

childbirth.

Antidiuretic Hormone Wasopressin) ADH P Posterior Pituitary Kidney Causes kidneys to reduce water excretion.

ae ss blood m l ooRvtvhoml volume and BP) B

aSleep sr Circadian Wake

Melatonin - Tryptophan D Pineal Other portions of the brain Regulates

tnece

Thyroxine 11,1) T4 TD Thyroid Gland Various, (need a blood transport protein)

Set the BMR: Increases rate of Energy release

from carbs, increases protein synthesis,

accelerates growth, stimulates nervous system

Tniodothyronine 173) T3 TD Thyroid Gland Various, (need a blood transport protein) only 5%, but 5 times more potent than 14

CalcItonin - P Thyroid Gland bone/ kidney Inhibits osteoclasts (decreases blood

concentration of calcium and P)

tquast Parathyroid Hormone PTH P Parathyroid Gland Bone/Kidney/Intestines

Stimualtes Osteoclasts, Causes kidneys to conserve

Ca, excrete PO4, stimulates absorption thorugh

Vit.D

Glucocorticolds (like Cortlsoll - S Adrenal Cortex Various

Increases blood a.a. concentration , promotes

release of fatty acids from adipose tissue,

increases blood glucose.

Mlneralocorticolds (Like Aldosterone) - S Adrenal Cortex Kidney Tells Kidney to conserve Sopdium and excrete

Potassium / Linked to Renin/Angiotensis

Adrenal Andreogens - S Adrenal Cortex Various Backup sex hormones (esp. Androgens)

Epinepherine iCatacholarnine) / Adrenaline EPI TD Adrenal Medulla Various Fight or Flight

Norpinepherine (Catacholamlne)/ Noradrenaline NOREPI TO Adrenal Medulla Various Fight or Flight

Es Estrogen - - 5 Ovarian Follicle mommy parts Development of female secondary sex

characteristics / thickening of uterine lining

Progesterone - S Corpus Leuteum & Placenta mommy parts Causes uterus to become more vascular and

glandular

Human Chorionlc Gonadotropin HCG P Placenta Corpus Luteum

Sustains the corpus leuteum so that estorgen and

progesterone continues to be produced in early

pregnancy.

Androgens - S Testes Various Male Characteristics

Glucagon - P Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Liver Break down glycogen into glucose (increases blood

glucose)

Insulin - P Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Various (not nerves or excersising muslce) Decreases blood glucose levels

SomatostatIn SS P Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Various Inhibits Insulin and Glucagon

Amylln - P Pancreas Various reduction of food Intake, slowing of gastric

emptying, inhibition of digestive secretion

Erythropoietin EPO P Kidney Bone Stimulates production of RBCs, especially after

Hypoxia

CalcItrlole - S Kidney Intestines Like PTH, stimulates absorption of Vit 0

Atrial Natrluretic Hormone ANP P Heart kidneys/ Adrenal Cortex Inhibits renin and aldosterone.., this works to

lower blood volume

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