civil procedure (rules 14,15,16)

7/30/2019 Civil Procedure (Rules 14,15,16)

1/12

Ehgsoh Qxy}hkh Yjbobyybghq ~q' ]baf}cd Adgqxosf/ E']' 6:16:=/ 6 Qhy =969

Nfasq

Ehgsoh Qxy}hkh nbohc f adoohasbdg afqh ubsj fyyobafsbdg nd} f u}bs dn y}hobkbgf}r bglxasbdg

fefbgqs Adgqf} S}fcbge Ad}y/ sj}dxej sjh ofssh}q y}hqbchgs ]baf}cd Adgqxosf fgc ^Y

Gd}mh}sd Qf}frmf'

Dg 66 Das =998/ qjh}bnn nfbohc sd qh}~h sjh qxkkdgq fgc adybhq dn sjh adkyofbgs dg fgr dnsjh ASAq fxsjd}b|hc dnnbah}q fq uhoo fq dg Adgqxosf fgc Qf}frmf' Jhgah/ jh ohns adybhq dn

qxaj cdaxkhgsq ubsj FEGHQ AFGF^H/ ujd/ faad}cbge sd sjh Qjh}bnnq ]hsx}g/ ufq

Qf}frmfq qha}hsf}r fgc fg fxsjd}b|hc }hy}hqhgsfsb~h dn mdsj chnhgcfgsq'

Jduh~h}/ gdgh dn sjh chnhgcfgsq nbohc fg fgquh}' Sjxq/ sjhr uh}h chaof}hc bg chnfxos fgc

sjh Adx}s y}dahhchc sd jhf} EQYq h~bchgah hz yf}sh' Qjh}bnn foqd fssfajhc f }hebqsh}hc

ofgc mhodgebge sd Adgqxosf' Sjh adx}s }hgch}hc chabqbdg chaof}bge chnhgcfgsq fq qdobcf}bor

obfmoh sd EQY'

Adgqxosf nbohc f yhsbsbdg nd} fggxokhgs dn sjh ]SAq chabqbdg mhnd}h sjh AF' Jh foohehc sjfs

sjh}h ufq bky}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq/ jhgah/ sjh y}dahhcbge ufq ~dbc/ sjh chabqbdg ufqob hubqh ~dbc' AF }hgch}hc chabqbdg jdocbge sjfs sjh}h ufq fg bky}dyh} qh}~bah dn

qxkkdgq'

EQY/ bg sjbq yhsbsbdg/ foohehc sjfs sjh qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq ufq ~fobc dg sjh e}dxgc sjfs sjh

qjh}bnn ef}gbqjhc ASAq mfg` faadxgsq dg sjh cfr sjh qxkkdgq ufq qh}~hc' Fq adkyfgr

y}hqbchgs/ bs ufq bga}hcxodxq sjfs Adgqxosf ufq xgfuf}h dn sjh ef}gbqjkhgs fgc sjh

}hfqdg nd} bs0 sjfs fq yh} qsfshkhgs dn ASA/ Afgf~h ufq bg ajf}eh dn sjh dnnbah/ Adgqxosfq

}hexof} yofah dn mxqbghqq/ qbegbnrbge y}dyh} qh}~bah dn sjh qxkkdgq dg jbk fgc sjfs ASA

nfzhc EQY f ohssh} y}dydqbge f qajhcxoh dn yfrkhgs nd} sjh fclxcehc fkdxgsq bg sjh ]SA

chabqbdg'

BQQXH< UDG sjh}h ufq y}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdg sd sjh chnhgcfgs'

QAq ]xobge< RHQ

Bs bq s}xh sjfs sjbq Adx}s hkyjfqb|hc sjh bkyd}sfgah dn qs}bas fgc nfbsjnxo adkyobfgah bg

hnnhasbge qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah' Bs kxqs/ jduh~h}/ mh }hbsh}fshc sjfs ujhg sjh }bebc

fyyobafsbdg dn }xohq mhadkhq f adgcxbs nd} hqafybge dghq }hqydgqbmbobsr/ sjh Adx}s uboo

bgsh}~hgh sd qhs sjbgeq }bejs faad}cbge sd sjh }xohq'

Sjh}h bq ~fobc qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq dg Adgqxosf fs jbq yofah dn mxqbghqq ubsj

qdkh adkyhshgs yh}qdg bg ajf}eh sjh}hdn' Faad}cbge sd sjh qjh}bnnq }hsx}g/ ujbaj bq y}bkfnfabh h~bchgah dn sjh nfasq bs qsfshq/62 jh qh}~hc f adyr dn sjh adkyofbgs dg Afgf~h/ fg

fxsjd}b|hc }hy}hqhgsfsb~h dn mdsj Adgqxosf fgc Qf}frmf' Adgqxosf cbc gds y}hqhgs

h~bchgah sd }hmxs sjh y}hqxkysbdg dn }hexof}bsr dg sjh kfggh} sjfs sjh qjh}bnn yh}nd}khc

jbq dnnbabfo cxsr'

Nx}sjh}/ sjbq Adx}s jfq }xohc sjfs -bs bq gds ghahqqf}r sjfs sjh yh}qdg bg ajf}eh dn sjh

chnhgcfgsq }hexof} yofah dn mxqbghqq mh qyhabnbafoor fxsjd}b|hc sd }hahb~h sjh qxkkdgq'

Bs bq hgdxej sjfs jh fyyhf}q sd mh bg ajf}eh'- Bg sjbq afqh/ Afgf~h/ f qha}hsf}r

ujdqh ldm chqa}bysbdg ghahqqf}bor bgaoxchq }hahb~bge cdaxkhgsq fgc dsjh}

ad}}hqydgchgah/ udxoc jf~h sjh qhkmofgah dn fxsjd}bsr sd faahys sjh adx}s cdaxkhgsq'

]dmbgqdg ~q' Kb}foohq/ E']' Gd' 6>18:3/ 6= Cha =99>

Nfasq

Ab~bo Y}dahcx}h ] 63/68/6> *YHAFq Cbehqs" Yfeh 6


2/12

Kb}foohq nbohc f adkyofbgs fefbgqs ]dmbgqdg nd} qxk dn kdghr' Sjh nd}kh} foohehc sjfs

ofssh} md}}duhc #=9/983 n}dk jh} fgc ujhg qjh chkfgchc yfrkhgs/ sjh ofssh} }hnxqhc sd

yfr'

Qxkkdgq ufq qh}~hc dg ]dmbgqdgq fcc}hqq/ jduh~h}/ yh} }hsx}g dn qh}~bah sjh qjh}bnn

bgcbafshc sjfs ]dmbgqdg bq gd odgeh} }hqbcbge fs qxaj fcc}hqq' Jhgah/ fg fobfq qxkkdgq

ufq bqqxhc mr sjh adx}s' Sjh qfkh ufq qh}~hc bg sjh yhsbsbdgh}q ghu fcc}hqq/ mxs nd}

qdkh }hfqdg/ sjh qhax}bsr exf}c ufq bgqs}xashc mr sjh yhsbsbdgh} gds sd ohs

fgrmdcr y}dahhc sd jh} jdxqh' Jhgah/ sjh qjh}bnn y}dahhchc sd qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah dn

qxkkdg fnsh} qh~h}fo fsshkysq sd qh}~h sjh qfkh sj}dxej yh}qdgfo qh}~bah/ mxs qsboo

nfbohc' Jh ohns sjh qfbc cdaxkhgsq bg sjh qhax}bsr exf}c'

Yhsbsbdgh} adgshqshc sjfs sjh}h ufq bky}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq qbgah sjh qhax}bsr exf}c

ufq gds f adkyhshgs yh}qdg qxnnbabhgs bg feh fgc cbqa}hsbdg fq sjh ofssh} bq ghbsjh} }hofshc

sd jh} gd} qsfrbge fs jh} }hqbchgah'

BQQXH< UDG sjh}h bq y}dyh} qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq'

QAq ]XOBGE< RHQ'

Yh}qdgfo qh}~bah bq ehgh}foor y}hnh}}hc d~h} qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah/ sjh ofssh} kdch dn

qh}~bah mhbge f khsjdc hzs}fd}cbgf}r bg ajf}fash}' Nd} qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah sd mh lxqsbnbhc

jh ndoodubge ab}axkqsfgahq kxqs mh aohf}or hqsfmobqjhc fgc 5 dn ]xoh 63 dn sjh ]xohq dn Adx}s'

Qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq xydg sjh chnhgcfgs qjfoo mh mr yh}qdgfo qh}~bah nb}qs fgc dgor ujhg

sjh chnhgcfgs afggds mh y}dkysor qh}~hc bg yh}qdg uboo qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah mh

f~fbohc dn'

Bg sjbq afqh/ sjh bgcd}qhkhgsq nfbohc sd qsfsh sjfs y}dkys fgc yh}qdgfo qh}~bah dg

yhsbsbdgh}q ufq }hgch}hc bkydqqbmoh' Bs nfbohc sd qjdu sjh }hfqdg ujr yh}qdgfo qh}~bah

adxoc gds mh kfch' Bs ufq foqd gds qjdug sjfs hnnd}sq uh}h kfch sd nbgc yhsbsbdgh}q

yh}qdgfoor fgc sjfs qfbc hnnd}sq nfbohc'

Sjhqh }hvxb}hkhgsq f}h bgcbqyhgqfmoh mhafxqh qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah bq bg ch}defsbdg dn

sjh xqxfo khsjdc dn qh}~bah' Bs bq fg hzs}fd}cbgf}r khsjdc qbgah bs qhh`q sd mbgc sjh

chnhgcfgs sd sjh adgqhvxhgahq dn f qxbs h~hg sjdxej gdsbah dn qxaj fasbdg bq qh}~hc gds

xydg jbk mxs xydg fgdsjh} ujdk sjh ofu adxoc dgor y}hqxkh udxoc gdsbnr jbk dn sjh

yhgcbge y}dahhcbgeq' Nfbox}h sd nfbsjnxoor/ qs}basor/ fgc nxoor adkyor ubsj sjh qsfsxsd}r

}hvxb}hkhgsq dn qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah }hgch}q qxaj qh}~bah bghnnhasb~h'

Kd}hd~h}/ bg sjh }hsx}g bs cdhq gds bgcbafsh sjfs EF]R FADM bq f yh}qdg dn qxbsfmoh feh

fgc cbqa}hsbdg' Bg Kfgdsda ~q' AF/ sjh adx}s }xohc sjfs/ Sjh qjh}bnn kxqs sjh}hnd}h

chsh}kbgh bn sjh yh}qdg ndxgc bg sjh foohehc cuhoobge d} }hqbchgah dn chnhgcfgs

bq dn ohefo feh/ ujfs sjh }habybhgsq }hofsbdgqjby ubsj sjh chnhgcfgs bq/ fgc

ujhsjh} qfbc yh}qdg adky}hjhgcq sjh qbegbnbafgah dn sjh }hahbys dn sjh

qxkkdgq fgc jbq cxsr sd bkkhcbfshor chob~h} bs sd sjh chnhgcfgs d} fs ohfqs

gdsbnr sjh chnhgcfgs dn qfbc }hahbys dn qxkkdgq' Sjhqh kfssh}q kxqs mh aohf}or

fgc qyhabnbafoor chqa}bmhc bg sjh ]hsx}g dn Qxkkdgq'

Jh}h/ sjh y}dahqq qh}~h} nfbohc sd qyhabnr Ef}r Fadmq feh/ jbq }hofsbdgqjby sd yhsbsbdgh}q

fgc sd fqah}sfbg ujhsjh} jh adky}hjhgcq sjh qbegbnbafgah dn sjh }hahbys dn sjh qxkkdgq

fgc jbq cxsr sd chob~h} bs sd yhsbsbdgh}q d} fs ohfqs gdsbnr sjhk dn qfbc }hahbys dn qxkkdgq'

H' M ^boof}dqf ~q' Jdg' Mhgbsd fgc Bkyh}bfo Ch~hodykhgs Ad}y'/ E']' Gd' 61>3=>/ > Fxe

6222

Nfasq

H'M bq bq f obkbshc yf}sgh}qjby ubsj y}bgabyfo dnnbah fcc}hqq fs 69= Lxfg Oxgf Qs'/ Cf~fd Absrfgc ubsj m}fgaj dnnbahq fs =32= Mfr ^bhu C}b~h/ Sfkmd/ Yf}ffvxh/ Khs}d Kfgbof fgc

@dofkmde/ Ofyfqfg/ Afefrfg ch D}d Absr'

H'M fgc Bkyh}bfo Ch~hodykhgs hzhaxshc f chhc dn qfoh ubsj Ch~hodykhgs Fe}hhkhgs

ujh}hbg sjh nd}kh} fe}hhc sd ch~hody yf}ahoq dn ofgc odafshc bg ACD mhodgebge sd sjh

ofssh} bgsd f jdxqbge qxmcb~bqbdg nd} sjh adgqs}xasbdg dn odu adqs jdxqbge xgbsq'

Fq H'M chnfxoshc/ Bkyh}bfo nbohc f adkyofbgs nd} m}hfaj dn adgs}fas fgc cfkfehq fefbgqs

sjh nd}kh}' Sjh qxkkdgq fgc sjh adyr dn sjh adkyofbgs uh}h qh}~hc fs H'Mq fcc}hqq fs

@dofkmde/ Ofyfqfg/ ACD/ }hahb~hc mr bsq m}fgaj kfgfeh}/ Hge}' Uhgchoo Qfmxomh}d' Mxs

bg sjh ]hsx}g bs fyyhf}q sjh}hbg sjfs bs ufq qh}~hc sd Hge}' Qfmxomh}d fs sjhb} gdu dnnbahfcc}hqq bg ^boof Edg|fod/ Gf|f}hsj/ ACD'

H'M nbohc f kdsbdg sd cbqkbqq dg sjh e}dxgc sjfs sjh Adx}s cbc gds favxb}h lx}bqcbasbdg d~h}

sjhb} yh}qdg qbgah sjh}h ufq bky}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq bg~d`bge Qha66/]xoh63' H'M



5/12

foohehc sjfs sjh Hge}' Qfmxomh}d ufq f kh}h HH fgc gds dgh dn sjh yh}qdg bgcbafshc bg sjh

fnd}habshc }xoh'

]SA+ cbqkbqqhc H'Mq kdsbdg0 qsfshc sjfs qbgah sjh qxkkdgq fgc adyr dn sjh adkyofbgs

uh}h bg nfas }hahb~hc mr sjh ad}yd}fsbdg sj}dxej bsq m}fgaj kfgfeh} Uhgchoo Qfmxomh}d/

sjh}h ufq qxmqsfgsbfo adkyobfgah ubsj sjh }xoh dg qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq fgc adgqhvxhgsor/

bs ~fobcor favxb}hc lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh yh}qdg dn sjh chnhgcfgs'

Bqqxh< UDG sjh}h ufq y}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq'

QAq ]xobge< Gd

Xgch} sjh ghu }xoh/ sjh hgxkh}fsbdg dn yh}qdgq sd ujdk qxkkdgq kfr mh qh}~hc bq

-}hqs}bashc/ obkbshc fgc hzaoxqb~h- ndoodubge sjh }xoh dg qsfsxsd}r adgqs}xasbdg hzy}hqqbd

xgbdq hqs hzaoxqbd fosh}bxq'

Bg sjh nd}kh} }xoh/ mh bs gdshc sjfs bs fooduhc qh}~bah dn qxkkdg sd f ad}yd}fsbdgq FEHGS'

Gdsfmor/ xgch} sjh ghu ]xohq/ qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq xydg fg fehgs dn sjh ad}yd}fsbdg bq gd

odgeh} fxsjd}b|hc'

Sjh chqbegfsbdg dn yh}qdgq d} dnnbah}q ujd f}h fxsjd}b|hc sd faahys qxkkdgq nd} f

cdkhqsba ad}yd}fsbdg d} yf}sgh}qjby bq gdu obkbshc fgc kd}h aohf}or qyhabnbhc bg Qhasbdg

66/ ]xoh 63 dn sjh 6225 ]xohq dn Ab~bo Y}dahcx}h' Sjh }xoh gdu qsfshq -ehgh}fo kfgfeh}-

bgqshfc dn dgor -kfgfeh}-0 -ad}yd}fsh qha}hsf}r- bgqshfc dn -qha}hsf}r-0 fgc -s}hfqx}h}-

bgqshfc dn -afqjbh}'- Sjh yj}fqh -fehgs/ d} fgr dn bsq cb}hasd}q- bq adgqybaxdxqor chohshc bg

sjh ghu }xoh'

]hs' Lxqsbah Jh}}h}f< Sjh }xoh kxqs mh qs}basor dmqh}~hc' Qh}~bah kxqs mh kfch sd dgh

gfkhc bg *sjh" qsfsxsh'

F qs}bas adkyobfgah ubsj sjh kdch dn qh}~bah bq ghahqqf}r sd adgnh} lx}bqcbasbdg dn sjh adx}sd~h} f ad}yd}fsbdg' Sjh dnnbah} xydg ujdk qh}~bah bq kfch kxqs mh dgh ujd bq gfkhc bg

sjh qsfsxsh0 dsjh}ubqh sjh qh}~bah bq bgqxnnbabhgs' Sjh yx}ydqh bq sd }hgch} bs }hfqdgfmor

ah}sfbg sjfs sjh ad}yd}fsbdg uboo }hahb~h y}dkys fgc y}dyh} gdsbah bg fg fasbdg fefbgqs bs d}

sd bgqx}h sjfs sjh qxkkdgq mh qh}~hc dg f }hy}hqhgsfsb~h qd bgshe}fshc ubsj sjh

ad}yd}fsbdg sjfs qxaj yh}qdg uboo `gdu ujfs sd cd ubsj sjh ohefo yfyh}q qh}~hc dg jbk' Bg

dsjh} ud}cq/ -sd m}bge jdkh sd sjh ad}yd}fsbdg gdsbah dn sjh nbobge dn sjh fasbdg'

Faad}cbgeor/ sjh nbobge dn f kdsbdg sd cbqkbqq/ ujhsjh} d} gds mhofshcor nbohc mr sjh

chnhgcfgs/ jbq fxsjd}b|hc fehgs d} fssd}ghr/ y}habqhor dmlhasbge sd sjh lx}bqcbasbdg dn sjh

adx}s d~h} sjh yh}qdg dn sjh chnhgcfgs afg mr gd khfgq mh chhkhc f qxmkbqqbdg sd sjh

lx}bqcbasbdg dn sjh adx}s' Sjh}h mhbge gd y}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq/ sjh s}bfo adx}s afggdssf`h adegb|fgah dn f afqh nd} ofa` dn lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh yh}qdg dn sjh chnhgcfgs' Fgr

y}dahhcbge xgch}sf`hg mr sjh s}bfo adx}s uboo adgqhvxhgsor mh gxoo fgc ~dbc'

MYB ~q' Qyq' Qfgsbfed fgc Ahgs}dehg/ E']' Gd' 6>266>/ =: Kf}aj =995

Nfasq

Ahgs}dehg bq f cdkhqsba ad}yd}fsbdg hgefehc bg yjf}kfahxsbafo mxqbghqq/ cxor d}efgb|hcfgc hzbqsbge fq qxaj xgch} sjh Yjbobyybgh ofuq fgc }hy}hqhgshc bg sjbq fas mr bsq Y}hqbchgs/

Hcubg Qfgsbfed/ qdg dn y}b~fsh }hqydgchgsq Qydxqhq B}hghd K' Qfgsbfed fgc Obufgfe Y'

Qfgsbfed'

Dg qh~h}fo daafqbdg/ Ahgs}dehg dmsfbghc odfgq n}dk NHMSA bg cbnnh}hgs fkdxgsq ujbaj

}hfaj sjh sdsfo fkdxgs dn Y3'>89'999' Fq qhax}bsr nd} sjh odfg dmobefsbdg/ B}hghd hzhaxshc



6/12

f }hfo hqsfsh kd}sefeh' Ujhg Ahgs}dehg chnfxoshc bg yfrkhgs/ NHMSA nbohc f hzs}f+lxcbabfo

nd}haodqx}h dn sjh }hfo hqsfsh kd}sefeh' Sjh}hfnsh}/ f Gdsbah dn Qfoh ufq bqqxhc mr sjh

Y}d~bgabfo Qjh}bnn' Khfgujboh NHMSA kh}ehc ubsj MYB/ sjh ofssh} mhbge sjh fqqbeghh dn foo

sjh }bejsq/ y}b~bohehq fgc dmobefsbdg dn sjh nd}kh}'

Qyq' Qfgsbfed/ xydg }hahb~bge sjh Gdsbah dn Qfoh/ nbohc f ADKYOFBGS qhh`bge sjh bqqxfgah

dn f S]D fgc Y}hobkbgf}r fgc Nbgfo Bglxgasbdg/ nd} sjh FGGXOKHGS DN SJH ]HFO HQSFSH

KD]SEFEH' Sjhr foohehc sjfs sjh bgbsbfo odfg ufq fo}hfcr yfbc fq h~bchgahc mr Xgbdg

Mfg` Ajha` cfshc =9Cha=996/ ubsj MYB fq sjh yfrhh'

Sjh qxkkdgq ufq qh}~hc sd MYBq M]FGAJ KFGFEH] bg Qsf' A}x|/ Ofexgf M}fgaj/ KQ'

EODGF ]FKDQ/ fq bgcbafshc bg sjh qjh}bnnq }hsx}g/ dg =5 Nhm =991'

MYB/ bgqshfc dn nbobge fg fgquh}/ nbohc f KDSBDG SD CBQKBQQ dg sjh e}dxgc dn ofa` dn

lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh yh}qdg dn sjh chnhgcfgs qbgah sjh qxkkdgq ufq qh}~hc sd sjh m}fgaj

kfgfeh}/ gds dgh dn sjdqh fxsjd}b|hc mr Qha66/ ]xoh63'

]SA+ chgbhc sjh kdsbdg sd cbqkbqq0 bs }xohc sjfs mhafxqh dn sjh y}hqhgah dn hzs}hkh

x}ehgar ujh}hbg sjh Adx}s jfq lx}bqcbasbdg sd fas dg sjh S]D chqybsh ofa` dn

y}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq'

]SA y}dahhchc ubsj sjh qxkkf}r jhf}bge dg sjh fyyobafsbdg nd} S]D0 bs bqqxhc fg D]CH]

hgldbgbge sjh Y}d~bgabfo Qjh}bnn n}dk y}dahhcbge ubsj sjh hzs}f+lxcbabfo

nd}haodqx}h qfoh dn sjh qxmlhas y}dyh}sr xgsbo sjh y}dy}bhsr dn e}fgsbge f

y}hobkbgf}r bglxgasbdg bq fqah}sfbghc'

]SA sjh fyyobafsbdg nd} Y}hobkbgf}r Bglxgasbdg bq qhs nd} jhf}bge dg 69 Kf}aj =991/ mxs dg

>Kf}aj=991/ bs d}ch}hc sjh qh}~bah dn ghu qxkkdgq sd MYB bg faad}cfgah ubsj

sjh y}d~bqbdgq dn sjh ]h~bqhc ]xohq dn Adx}s' Bg sjh }hsx}g bs qsfshc sjh}hbg sjfs

qxkkdgq ufq qh}~hc sd sjh AD]YD]FSH QHA]HSF]R'

BQQXH< UDG sjh}h ufq y}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq'

QAq ]XOBGE< RHQ'

Mfqba bq sjh }xoh sjfs f qs}bas adkyobfgah ubsj sjh kdch dn qh}~bah bq ghahqqf}r sd adgnh}

lx}bqcbasbdg dn sjh adx}s d~h} f ad}yd}fsbdg' Sjh dnnbah} xydg ujdk qh}~bah bq kfch kxqs

mh dgh ujd bq gfkhc bg sjh qsfsxsh0 dsjh}ubqh/ sjh qh}~bah bq bgqxnnbabhgs'

Sjh yx}ydqh bq sd }hgch} bs }hfqdgfmor ah}sfbg sjfs sjh ad}yd}fsbdg uboo }hahb~h y}dkys fgc

y}dyh} gdsbah bg fg fasbdg fefbgqs bs d} sd bgqx}h sjfs sjh qxkkdgq mh qh}~hc dg f

}hy}hqhgsfsb~h qd bgshe}fshc ubsj sjh ad}yd}fsbdg sjfs qxaj yh}qdg uboo `gdu ujfs sd cdubsj sjh ohefo yfyh}q qh}~hc dg jbk'

Bg sjbq afqh/ uh }xoh sjfs sjh qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq dg MYBq M}fgaj Kfgfeh} cbc gds mbgc

sjh ad}yd}fsbdg nd} sjh m}fgaj kfgfeh} bq gds bgaoxchc bg sjh hgxkh}fsbdg dn sjh qsfsxsh

dn sjh yh}qdgq xydg ujdk qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq afg mh ~fobcor kfch bg mhjfon dn sjh

ad}yd}fsbdg' Qxaj qh}~bah bq sjh}hnd}h ~dbc fgc bghnnhasxfo'

Jduh~h}/ xydg sjh bqqxfgah fgc sjh y}dyh} qh}~bah dn ghu qxkkdgq dg 66

Kf}aj =991/ mhnd}h sjh U}bs dn Y}hobkbgf}r Bglxgasbdg ufq bqqxhc dg =9 Kf}aj

=991/ ujfsh~h} chnhas fsshgchc sjh qh}~bah dn sjh d}bebgfo qxkkdgq/ ufq

y}dkysor fgc faad}cbgeor ax}hc'

Sjh qxmqhvxhgs qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq ufq ghbsjh} cbqyxshc gd} ufq bs khgsbdghc mr MYB

hzahys bg f nohhsbge gf}}fsbdg dn nfasq fgc sjh}hnd}h hgldrq sjh y}hqxkysbdg sjfs dnnbabfo

cxsr jfq mhhg }hexof}or yh}nd}khc'=9 Sjh Y}dahqq Qh}~h}q Ah}sbnbafsh dn Qh}~bah dn

Qxkkdgq bq f y}bkf nfabh h~bchgah dn nfasq qhs dxs bg sjfs ah}sbnbafsh'

Ab~bo Y}dahcx}h ] 63/68/6> *YHAFq Cbehqs" Yfeh >


7/12

Bgf}exfmor/ mhnd}h sjh D}ch} e}fgsbge sjh fyyobafsbdg nd} U}bs dn Y}hobkbgf}r Bglxgasbdg ufq

bqqxhc/ sjh ]SA fo}hfcr favxb}hc lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh yh}qdg dn MYB mr ~b}sxh dn sjh ghu

qxkkdgq ~fobcor qh}~hc dg sjh Ad}yd}fsh Qha}hsf}r' Sjh nfas sjfs sjh d}bebgfo qxkkdgq

ufq bg~fobcor qh}~hc bq dn gd kdkhgs qbgah lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} MYB ufq qxmqhvxhgsor favxb}hc

mr sjh qh}~bah dn f ghu qxkkdgq'

Kf}ef}bsf ]dkxfoch|+Obaf}dq ~q' Fmhof}cd Obaf}dq/ E']' Gd' 689>8>/ =2 Fy}bo =991

Nfasq

Fmhof}cd adkkhgahc f ab~bo afqh nd} Chaof}fsbdg dn Gxoobsr dn jbq Kf}}bfeh ubsj Kf}ef}bsf

mfqhc dg yqrajdodebafo bgafyfabsr' Kf}ef}bsf ufq sjhg }hqbcbge fm}dfc *2> Kxomh}}r Ofgh/

Fsjh}sdg/ AF/ XQF"'

Sjh s}bfo adx}s d}ch}hc sjfs sjh qxkkdgq ubsj sjh adyr dn sjh adkyofbgs mh qh}~hc mr

YXMOBAFSBDG BG F GHUQYFYH] DN EHGH]FO AB]AXOFSBDG DGAH F UHH@ ND] =

ADGQHAXSB^H UHH@Q/ fs sjh qfkh sbkh nx}gbqjbge }hqydgchgs f adyr dn sjh d}ch} / fq

uhoo fq sjh ad}}hqydgcbge qxkkdgq fgc f adyr dn sjh yhsbsbdg fs sjh eb~hgfcc}hqq bg sjh Xgbshc Qsfshq sj}dxej sjh Chyf}skhgs dn Nd}hbeg Fnnfb}q/ foo fs

sjh hzyhgqh dn Fmhof}cd' ]hqydgchgs ufq eb~hg qbzsr *>9" cfrq fnsh} yxmobafsbdg

sd nboh f }hqydgqb~h yohfcbge'

Bg sjh ]HSX]G bsbgcbafshc sjh}hbg sjfs qxkkdgq fgc sjh adkyofbgs ufq qhgs mr kfbo a$d

CNF sj}x Yfs Kf}sbghq/ }hahb~bge Aoh}` dn CNF f yh}qdg fxsjd}b|hc sd }hahb~h sjbq `bgc dn

y}dahqq ujd fa`gduohcehc sjh }hahbys sjh}hdn'

Kf}ef}bsf foohehc sjfs sjh s}bfo adx}s gh~h} favxb}hc lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} jh} yh}qdg qbgah

qjh ufq gh~h} ~fobcor qh}~hc ubsj qxkkdgq/ ghbsjh} cbc qjh fyyhf} bg sjh adx}s sd qxmkbs

~doxgsf}bor sd bsq lx}bqcbasbdg'

Fmhof}cd + f}exhq sjfs lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh yh}qdg dn f gdg+}hqbchgs chnhgcfgs bg fg

fasbdg bg }hk d} vxfqb bg }hk bq gds ghahqqf}r' Sjh s}bfo fgc fyyhoofsh adx}sq kfch f

aohf} nfasxfo nbgcbge sjfs sjh}h ufq y}dyh} qxkkdgq mr yxmobafsbdg hnnhashc sj}dxej sjh

Chyf}skhgs dn Nd}hbeg Fnnfb}q fq cb}hashc mr sjh s}bfo adx}s' Sjxq/ sjh s}bfo adx}s favxb}hc

lx}bqcbasbdg sd }hgch} sjh chabqbdg chaof}bge sjh kf}}bfeh f gxoobsr'

BQQXH< UDG Kf}ef}bsf ufq y}dyh}or qh}~hc ubsj qxkkdgq'

QAq ]XOBGE< RHQ

Fq f }xoh/ ujhg sjh chnhgcfgs cdhq gds }hqbch fgc bq gds ndxgc bg sjh Yjbobyybghq/

Yjbobyybgh adx}sq afggds s}r fgr afqh fefbgqs jbk mhafxqh dn sjh bkydqqbmbobsr dn favxb}bge

lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} jbq yh}qdg xgohqq jh ~doxgsf}bor fyyhf}q bg adx}s' Mxs ujhg sjh afqh bq

dgh dn fasbdgq bg }hk d} vxfqb bg }hk hgxkh}fshc bg Qhasbdg 68/ ]xoh 63 dn sjh

]xohq dn Adx}s/ Yjbobyybgh adx}sq jf~h lx}bqcbasbdg sd jhf} fgc chabch sjh afqh' Bg

qxaj bgqsfgahq/ Yjbobyybgh adx}sq jf~h lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh }hq/ fgc lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh

yh}qdg dn sjh gdg+}hqbchgs chnhgcfgs bq gds hqqhgsbfo'

Fasbdgq bg yh}qdgfk + f}h cb}hashc fefbgqs qyhabnba yh}qdgq fgc qhh` yh}qdgfo

lxcekhgsq0 Fasbdgq bg }hk fgc vxfqb+bg }hk + f}h cb}hashc fefbgqs sjh sjbge d}

y}dyh}sr d} qsfsxq dn f yh}qdg fgc qhh` lxcekhgsq ubsj }hqyhas sjh}hsd fq

fefbgqs sjh ujdoh ud}oc'



8/12

Sjh s}bfo adx}sq y}hqa}bmhc kdch dn hzs}fsh}}bsd}bfo qh}~bah cdhq gds nfoo xgch} sjh nb}qs d}

qhadgc kdch qyhabnbhc bg Qhasbdg 68 dn ]xoh 63/ mxs xgch} sjh sjb}c kdch' Sjbq }hnh}q sd

-fgr dsjh} khfgq sjfs sjh lxceh kfr adgqbch} qxnnbabhgs'-

Sjh Y}dahqq Qh}~h}q ]hsx}g dn 68 Lxor 6226 qjduq sjfs sjh qxkkdgq fcc}hqqhc sd

Kf}ef}bsf sdehsjh} ubsj sjh adkyofbgs fgc bsq fgghzhq uh}h qhgs mr kfbo sd sjh

Chyf}skhgs dn Nd}hbeg Fnnfb}q ubsj fa`gduohcekhgs dn }hahbys' Sjh Y}dahqq Qh}~h}q

ah}sbnbafsh dn qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq bq y}bkf nfabh h~bchgah dn sjh nfasq fq qhs dxs bg sjh

ah}sbnbafsh'6> Mhnd}h y}dahhcbge sd chaof}h sjh kf}}bfeh mhsuhhg Kf}ef}bsf fgc Fmhof}cd

gxoo fgc ~dbc/ sjh s}bfo adx}s qsfshc bg bsq Chabqbdg cfshc : Gd~hkmh} 6226 sjfs

-adkyobfgah ubsj sjh lx}bqcbasbdgfo }hvxb}hkhgsq jf~*h" *qba" mhhg cxor hqsfmobqjhc'-

Uh jdoc sjfs chob~h}r sd sjh Chyf}skhgs dn Nd}hbeg Fnnfb}q ufq qxnnbabhgs adkyobfgah ubsj

sjh }xoh' Fnsh} foo/ sjbq bq hzfasor ujfs sjh s}bfo adx}s }hvxb}hc fgc adgqbch}hc fq qxnnbabhgs

sd hnnhas qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq xgch} sjh sjb}c kdch dn hzs}fsh}}bsd}bfo qh}~bah yx}qxfgs sd

Qhasbdg 68 dn ]xoh 63'

Yfokf ~q' Jdg' Efo~h| fgc Yqrajh Fexcd/ E']' Gd' 6>8=51/ 69 Kf}aj =969

Nfasq

Yfokf nbohc f fasbdg nd} cfkfehq fefbgqs Yjbobyybgh Jhf}s Ahgsh} / C}' Eb}dg fgc C}' A}x|'

Qjh foohehc sjfs sjh chnhgcfgsq adkkbsshc y}dnhqqbdgfo nfxos/ gheobehgah fgc dkbqqbdg nd}

jf~bge }hkd~hc jh} }bejs d~f}r fefbgqs jh} uboo' Qjh qxmqhvxhgsor nbohc f Kdsbdg nd} Ohf~h

sd Fckbs Fkhgchc Adkyofbgs y}frbge sjh bgaoxqbdg dn fccbsbdgfo chnhgcfgsq ujd uh}h foo

gx}qhq fs sjh YJA/ bgaoxcbge/ jh}hbg chnhgcfgs FEXCD'

Sjh qxkkdgq fgc sjh adyr dn sjh adkyofbgs uh}h qh}~hc sd Fexcdq jxqmfgc FON]HCD

FEXCD/ sjh ofssh} qbeghc sjh qfkh fq Yqrajh ufq dxs dn sjh adxgs}r' Sjh}hfnsh}/ sjhadxgqho dn sjh Fexcd nbohc f Gdsbah dn Fyyhf}fgah fgc f Kdsbdg nd} Hzshgqbdg dn Sbkh sd

Nboh Fgquh} dg sjh e}dxgc sjfs sjh chnhgcfgs ufq dxs dn sjh adxgs}r fgc sjh yh}bdc sd nboh

fgc Fgquh} bq fo}hfcr cxh' Fgdsjh} kdsbdg nd} hzshgqbdg dn sbkh sd nboh fg fgquh} ufq

nbohc nd} sjh yx}ydqhq dn aof}bnbafsbdg mr Yqrajh/ jhgah/ f c}fns fgquh} uboo mh qhgs sd

B}hofgc'

Sjh}hfnsh}/ Fexcd nbohc f kdsbdg sd cbqkbqq dg e}dxgc sjfs sjh adx}s jfc gds favxb}hc

lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} jh} fq sjh}h ufq bky}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq fq qjh ufq shkyd}f}bor

dxs dn sjh adxgs}r/ jhgah/ QXMQSBSXSHC QH]^BAH dn qxkkdgq sd jh} jxqmfgc bq gds

mbgcbge'

Yhsbsbdgh} adgshchc sjfs qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq dg sjh yf}s dn sjh Yqrajhq

jxqmfgc ufq ~fobc fgc sjfs qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq xgch} Qhasbdg 6>/ ]xoh 63 ufq gds

hzaoxqb~h fgc kfr mh hnnhashc mr dsjh} kdchq dn qh}~bah/ b'h'/ mr yh}qdgfo d} qxmqsbsxshc

qh}~bah'

]SA e}fgshc sjh kdsbdg dn Fexcd0 bs }xohc sjfs qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah adxoc gds mh

}hqd}shc sd qbgah bs ufq hqsfmobqjhc sjfs y}b~fsh }hqydgchgs ufq dxs dn sjh

adxgs}r/ sjxq/ Qhasbdg 6>/ ]xoh 63 y}d~bchq nd} sjh qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq dg jh}

mr yxmobafsbdg'

BQQXH< UDG sjh}h ufq y}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq sd sjh chnhgcfgs'

QAq ]XOBGE< RHQ/ sjh}h ufq f y}dyh} qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq'

Qha 6>/ ]xoh 63 fyyobhq sd chnhgcfgs ujd bq f Nbobybgd mxs shkyd}f}bor dxs dn sjh

Yjbobyybghq fs sjh sbkh dn sjh qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq'

Ab~bo Y}dahcx}h ] 63/68/6> *YHAFq Cbehqs" Yfeh :


9/12

Qha' 6>' ]hqbchgsq shkyd}f}bor dxs dn sjh Yjbobyybghq' Ujhg fg fasbdg bq adkkhgahc fefbgqs f

chnhgcfgs ujd d}cbgf}bor }hqbchq ubsjbg sjh Yjbobyybghq/ mxs ujd bq shkyd}f}bor dxs dn bs/ qh}~bah kfr/ mr

ohf~h dn adx}s/ mh foqd hnnhashc dxs dn sjh Yjbobyybghq/ fq xgch} sjh y}hahcbge qhasbdg'

Bg sjh fmd~hvxdshc y}d~bqbdg/ bs xqhq sjh ud}cq KFR fgc FOQD ujbaj qxeehqs sjfs bs bq GDS

KFGCFSD]R' Dsjh} khsjdcq dn qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq fooduhc xgch} sjh ]xohq kfr foqd mh

f~fbohc dn mr sjh qh}~bge dnnbah} dg f chnhgcfgs+}hqbchgs ujd bq shkyd}f}bor dxs dn sjh

Yjbobyybghq' Sjbq bgaoxchq

+ qxmqsbsxshc qh}~bah qhs nd}sj bg qhasbdg 5

+ yh}qdgfo qh}~bah dxsqbch sjh adxgs}r/ ubsj ohf~h dn adx}s

+ qh}~bah mr yxmobafsbdg/ foqd ubsj ohf~h dn adx}s

+ bg fgr dsjh} kfggh} sjh adx}s kfr chhk qxnnbabhgs'

Qhasbdg 5 foqd chqbegfshq sjh yh}qdgq ubsj ujdk adybhq dn sjh y}dahqq kfr mh ohns' Sjh

}xoh y}hqxyydqhq sjfs qxaj f }hofsbdg dn adgnbchgah hzbqsq mhsuhhg sjh yh}qdg ubsj

ujdk sjh adyr bq ohns fgc sjh chnhgcfgs fgc/ sjh}hnd}h/ fqqxkhq sjfs qxaj yh}qdg uboo

chob~h} sjh y}dahqq sd chnhgcfgs d} bg qdkh ufr eb~h jbk gdsbah sjh}hdn'

Sjbq afqh/ sjh Qjh}bnn%q ]hsx}g qsfshc sjfs y}b~fsh }hqydgchgs ufq dxs dn sjh adxgs}r0 sjxq/

sjh qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq ufq kfch fs jh} }hqbchgah ubsj jh} jxqmfgc/ Fon}hcd Y' Fexcd/

fa`gduohcebge }hahbys sjh}hdn' Fon}hcd ufq y}hqxkfmor dn qxbsfmoh feh fgc cbqa}hsbdg/

ujd ufq }hqbcbge bg sjfs yofah fgc/ sjh}hnd}h/ ufq adkyhshgs sd }hahb~h sjh qxkkdgq dg

y}b~fsh }hqydgchgs%q mhjfon'

Bg fccbsbdg/ uh fe}hh ubsj yhsbsbdgh} sjfs sjh ]SA jfc bgchhc favxb}hc lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh

yh}qdg dn y}b~fsh }hqydgchgs ujhg sjh ofssh}%q adxgqho hgsh}hc jbq fyyhf}fgah dg y}b~fsh

}hqydgchgs%q mhjfon/ ubsjdxs vxfobnbafsbdg fgc ubsjdxs vxhqsbdgbge sjh y}dy}bhsr dn sjh

qh}~bah dn qxkkdgq/ fgc h~hg nbohc sud Kdsbdgq nd} Hzshgqbdg dn Sbkh sd Nboh Fgquh}' Uh

jf~h jhoc sjfs sjh nbobge dn kdsbdgq qhh`bge fnnb}kfsb~h }hobhn/ qxaj fq/ sd fckbs fgquh}/ nd} fccbsbdgfo

sbkh sd nboh fgquh}/ nd} }hadgqbch}fsbdg dn f chnfxos lxcekhgs/ fgc sd obns d}ch} dn chnfxos ubsj kdsbdg nd}

}hadgqbch}fsbdg/ f}h adgqbch}hc ~doxgsf}r qxmkbqqbdg sd sjh lx}bqcbasbdg dn sjh adx}s' Fexcd bq jh}hmr

hqsdyyhc'

]xoh 6>

Ybof} ^cf' Ch Kfgfod ~q' Kfgfod/ E']' Gd' 6=2=3=/ 6> Lfg =996

Nfasq

]hqydgchgsq f}h qx}~b~bge ajboc}hg dn sjh ofsh S}dfcbd Kfgfod ujboh yhsbsbdgh} bq sjh

qx}~b~bge qydxqh fgc ajboc}hg dn sjh chahfqhc' Sjh nd}kh} nbohc f Yhsbsbdg nd} sjh Lxcbabfo

Qhssohkhgs dn sjh Hqsfsh dn sjhb} ofsh nfsjh}'

Sjh Adx}s bqqxhc fg D}ch} ujbaj }hqdo~hc sjfs sjh adx}s jfq favxb}hc lx}bqcbasbdg d~h} sjh

yh}qdg dn sjh Dyydqbsd}q *yhsbsbdgh}q" fgc sd qhs sjh fyyobafsbdg dn ]dkhd Kfgfod nd}

fyydbgskhgs fq }hexof} fckbgbqs}fsd} bg sjh bgshqsfsh dn sjh chahfqhc'

Sjh yhsbsbdgh} nbohc f kdsbdg sd cbqkbqq mxs ufq chgbhc'

Yhsbsbdgh}q nbohc f yhsbsbdg nd} ah}sbd}f}b xgch} ]>8 mhnd}h sjh AF' Sjhr y}frhc sjfs sjh

D}ch} dn sjh ]SA mh chgbhc adgqbch}bge sjfs sjh}h ufq d hf}ghqs hnnd}sq sduf}cq

adky}dkbqh fkdge khkmh}q dn sjh qfkh nfkbor' Sjh qfkh ufq chgbhc mr sjh AF'



10/12

Yhsbsbdgh}q f}exhc sjfs qjdxoc mh cbqkbqqhc xgch} ]xoh 6>/ Qhasbdg 6*l" dn sjh ]h~bqhc

]xohq dn Adx}s ujbaj y}d~bchq sjfs f kdsbdg sd cbqkbqq f adkyofbgs kfr mh nbohc dg sjh

e}dxgc sjfs f adgcbsbdg y}hahchgs nd} nbobge sjh aofbk jfq gds mhhg adkyobhc ubsj/ sjfs bq/

sjfs sjh yhsbsbdgh}q sjh}hbg nfbohc sd f~h} bg sjh yhsbsbdg bg QY' Y]DA' Gd' 2=+>1>=>/ sjfs

hf}ghqs hnnd}sq sduf}c f adky}dkbqh jf~h mhhg kfch bg~do~bge khkmh}q dn sjh qfkh

nfkbor y}bd} sd sjh nbobge dn sjh yhsbsbdg yx}qxfgs sd F}sbaoh ===P63[ dn sjh Ab~bo Adch dn sjh

Yjbobyybghq'

BQQXH< UDG Adx}s dn Fyyhfoq h}}hc bg xyjdocbge sjh vxhqsbdghc d}ch}q dn sjh }hqydgchgs s}bfo

adx}s ujbaj chgbhc sjhb} kdsbdg nd} sjh dxs}bejs cbqkbqqfo dn sjh yhsbsbdg nd} lxcbabfo qhssohkhgs dn

hqsfsh chqybsh sjh nfbox}h dn sjh yhsbsbdgh}q sjh}hbg sd f~h} sjfs hf}ghqs hnnd}sq sduf}c f

adky}dkbqh bg~do~bge khkmh}q dn sjh qfkh nfkbor jf~h mhhg kfch y}bd} sd sjh nbobge dn sjh

yhsbsbdg mxs sjfs sjh qfkh jf~h nfbohc'

QAq ]xobge< Gd'

Bs bq f nxgcfkhgsfo }xoh sjfs/ bg sjh chsh}kbgfsbdg dn sjh gfsx}h dn fg fasbdg d} y}dahhcbge/

sjh f~h}khgsq fgc sjh ajf}fash} dn sjh }hobhn qdxejs bg sjh adkyofbgs/ d} yhsbsbdg/

fq bg sjh afqh fs mf}/ qjfoo mh adgs}doobge'

Sjh afqh fs mf} bq gds fg D]CBGF]R AB^BO FASBDG/ fosjdxej bs adgsfbgq f~h}khgsq

ujbaj kfr mh srybafo bg fg d}cbgf}r ab~bo fasbdg' Bs bq dx} ~bhu sjfs jh}hbg yhsbsbdgh}q kfr

gds mh fooduhc sd chnhfs sjh yx}ydqh dn sjh hqqhgsbfoor ~fobc yhsbsbdg nd} sjh qhssohkhgs dn

sjh hqsfsh dn sjh ofsh S}dfcbd Kfgfod mr }fbqbge kfssh}q sjfs f}h b}}hoh~fgs fgc bkkfsh}bfo

sd sjh qfbc yhsbsbdg' Bs kxqs mh hkyjfqb|hc sjfs sjh s}bfo adx}s/ qbssbge/ fq f y}dmfsh adx}s/

jfq obkbshc fgc qyhabfo lx}bqcbasbdg fgc afggds jhf} fgc cbqydqh dn adoofsh}fo kfssh}q fgc

bqqxhq ujbaj kfr mh y}dyh}or sj}hqjhc dxs dgor bg fg d}cbgf}r ab~bo fasbdg'

F}s' ===' Gd qxbs qjfoo mh nbohc d} kfbgsfbghc mhsuhhg khkmh}q dn sjh qfkh nfkbor xgohqq bs

qjdxoc fyyhf} sjfs hf}ghqs hnnd}sq sduf}c f adky}dkbqh jf~h mhhg kfch/ mxs sjfs sjh qfkh

jf~h nfbohc/ qxmlhas sd sjh obkbsfsbdgq bg F}sbaoh =918'

Sjh fmd~h+vxdshc y}d~bqbdg dn sjh ofu bq fyyobafmoh dgor sd d}cbgf}r ab~bo fasbdgq' ' Sjbq bq

aohf} n}dk sjh sh}k qxbs sjfs bs }hnh}q sd fg fasbdg mr dgh yh}qdg d} yh}qdgq fefbgqs

fgdsjh} d} dsjh}q bg f adx}s dn lxqsbah bg ujbaj sjh yofbgsbnn yx}qxhq sjh }hkhcr ujbaj sjh

ofu fnnd}cq jbk nd} sjh }hc}hqq dn fg bglx}r d} sjh hgnd}ahkhgs dn f }bejs/ ujhsjh} fs ofu d}

bg hvxbsr'

Ofqsor/ ' Sjh Yhsbsbdg nd} Bqqxfgah dn Ohssh}q dn Fckbgbqs}fsbdg/ Qhssohkhgs fgc Cbqs}bmxsbdg

dn Hqsfsh bg QY' Y]DA' Gd' 2=+>1>=> bq f qyhabfo y}dahhcbge fgc/ fq qxaj/ bs bq f }hkhcr

ujh}hmr sjh yhsbsbdgh}q sjh}hbg qhh` sd hqsfmobqj f qsfsxq/ f }bejs/ d} f yf}sbaxof} nfas'

XAYM ~q' Mhoxqd *=995" *GDS KR DUG CBEHQS"

Nfasq< Bg 622>/ XAYM e}fgshc sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd f Y}dkbqqd}r Gdshq Obgh xgch} f A}hcbs

Fe}hhkhgs ujh}hmr sjh ofssh} adxoc f~fbo n}dk sjh nd}kh} a}hcbs dn xy sd f kfzbkxk fkdxgs dn

Y6'= Kboobdg yhqdq nd} f sh}k hgcbge bg Fy}bo 6225' Bg fccbsbdg sd sjh y}dkbqqd}r gdshq/ sjh

qydxqhq Mhoxqd foqd adgqsbsxshc f }hfo hqsfsh kd}sefeh d~h} yf}ahoq dn ofgc bg ]dzfq Absr'

Qxmqhvxhgsor/ sjh qfbc A}hcbs F}}fgehkhgs ufq fkhgchc sd hzshgc sjh fkdxgs dn sjh

Y}dkbqqd}r Gdshq Obgh sd f kfzbkxk dn Y='18 Kboobdg yhqdq fgc sd hzshgc sjh sh}k sjh}hdn sd

Nhm}xf}r 622:'

Sjh qydxqhq hzhaxshc sj}hh y}dkbqqd}r gdshq ujbaj uh}h }hghuhc qh~h}fo sbkhq' Bg 6225/ sjh

yfrkhgs dn sjh y}bgabyfo fgc bgsh}hqs dn sjh ofssh} sud y}dkbqqd}r gdshq uh}h chmbshc n}dk sjh

qydxqhq Mhoxqdq faadxgs ubsj XAYM0 rhs/ f adgqdobcfshc odfg nd} Y6'1 Kboobdg ufq fefbg }hohfqhc

sd sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd xgch} dghy}dkbqqd}r gdsh ubsj f cxh cfsh dn =: Nhm}xf}r 622:'



11/12

Sd adkyohshor f~fbo sjhkqho~hq dn sjh Y='18 Kboobdg a}hcbs obghhzshgchc sd sjhk mr XAYM/ sjh

qydxqhq Mhoxqd hzhaxshc sud kd}hy}dkbqqd}r gdshq nd} f sdsfo dn Y189 sjdxqfgc' Jduh~h}/ sjh

qydxqhq Mhoxqd foohehc sjfs sjh fkdxgsq ad~h}hc mr sjhqh ofqs sudy}dkbqqd}r gdshq uh}h gh~h}

}hohfqhc d} a}hcbshc sd sjhb} faadxgs fgc/ sjxq/ aofbkhc sjfs sjh y}bgabyfo bgchmshcghqq ufq dgor

Y= Kboobdg'

Bg fgr afqh/ XAYM fyyobhc bgsh}hqs }fshq dg sjh cbnnh}hgs y}dkbqqd}r gdshq }fgebge n}dk 6:( sd

13(' Cx}bge sjh sh}k dn sjhqh y}dkbqqd}r gdshq/ sjh Mhoxqdq uh}h fmoh sd yfr sjh sdsfo qxk dn

fmdxs Y5>9 sjdxqfgc' Jduh~h}/ sjhr nfbohc sd yfr nd} sjh bgsh}hqs fgc yhgfosr dg sjhb}dmobefsbdgq' Fq f }hqxos/ XAYM chkfgchc sjfs sjhr yfr sjhb} sdsfo dmobefsbdg dn Y='2 kboobdgmxs

sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd nfbohc sd adkyor sjh}hubsj' Sjh}hfnsh}/ XAYM nd}haodqhc sjh y}dyh}sbhq

kd}sefehc mr sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd sd qhax}h sjhb} a}hcbs obgh/ ujbaj/ mr sjfs sbkh/ fo}hfcr

mfooddghc sd ghf}or Y1': kboobdg'

Sud kdgsjq fnsh} sjh nd}haodqx}h/ sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd nbohc f Yhsbsbdg nd} Fggxokhgs/ Faadxgsbge

fgc Cfkfehq fefbgqs XAYM ubsj sjh ]SA dn Kf`fsb Absr' XAYM kd~hc sd cbqkbqq sjh afqh dg sjh

e}dxgc sjfs sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd bgqsbsxshc fgdsjh} afqh mhnd}h sjh ]SA dn ]dzfq Absr/ bg~do~bge

sjh qfkh yf}sbhq fgc bqqxhq' XAYM aofbkq sjfs ujboh sjh ]dzfq Absr afqh bgbsbfoor fyyhf}q sd mh f

cbnnh}hgs fasbdg/ fq bs y}frhc nd} sjh bqqxfgah dn f shkyd}f}r }hqs}fbgbge d}ch} fgc$d} bglxgasbdg

sd qsdy nd}haodqx}h dn qydxqhq Mhoxqdq y}dyh}sbhq/ bs ydqhq bqqxhq ujbaj f}h qbkbof} sd sjdqh dn

sjh y}hqhgs afqh'

Sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd aofbk sjfs sjh bqqxh bg sjh ]dzfq Absr afqh bq sjh y}dy}bhsr dn sjh nd}haodqx}h

mhnd}h sjh s}xh faadxgs dn qydxqhq Mhoxqd bq chsh}kbghc' Dg sjh dsjh} jfgc/ sjh bqqxh bg sjh

Kf`fsb afqh bq sjh ~fobcbsr dn sjh bgsh}hqs }fsh y}d~bqbdg' Sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd aofbk sjfs sjh ]dzfq

Absr afqh jfq mhadkh kdds mhafxqh/ mhnd}h ]SA ]dzfq Absr adxoc fas dg sjh }hqs}fbgbge d}ch}/

XAYM y}dahhchc ubsj sjh nd}haodqx}h fgc fxasbdg qfoh' Fq sjh fas qdxejs sd mh }hqs}fbghc jfq

fo}hfcr mhhg faadkyobqjhc/ sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd jfc sd nboh f cbnnh}hgs fasbdg/ sjfs dn Fggxokhgs

dn sjh Nd}haodqx}h Qfoh ubsj ]SA Kf`fsb'

]SA }xohc bg nf~d} dn sjh Mhoxqdq' AF fnnb}khc'

Bqqxh< Ujhsjh} d} gds sjh afqh qjdxoc mh cbqkbqqhc cxh sd nd}xk qjdyybge

Jhoc< RHQ' H~hg bn bs bq fqqxkhc nd} sjh qf`h dn f}exkhgs/ jduh~h}/ sjfs dgor dgh afxqh dn fasbdg bq

bg~do~hc bg sjh sud ab~bo fasbdgq/ gfkhor/ sjh ~bdofsbdg dn sjh }bejs dn sjh qydxqhq Mhoxqd gds sd jf~h sjhb}

y}dyh}sr nd}haodqhc nd} fg fkdxgs sjhr cd gds duh/ sjh ]xohq dn Adx}s gh~h}sjhohqq fooduq sjh nbobge dn sjh

qhadgc fasbdg' Sjh afqh bg ]dzfq Absr ufq cbqkbqqhc mhnd}h sjh nbobge dn sjh afqh ubsj ]SA Kf`fsb/ qbgah

sjh ~hgxh dn obsbefsbdg fq y}d~bchc nd} bg sjh A}hcbs Fe}hhkhgs bq bg Kf`fsb Absr'

]xoh 6>/ Qhasbdg 8 mf}q sjh }hnbobge dn fg fasbdg y}h~bdxqor cbqkbqqhc dgor bg sjh ndoodubge bgqsfgahq *YHAFq Cbehqs" Yfeh 6=

civil procedure (rules 14,15,16)

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