Irma Suparto, Erna Puji Astuti, Irmanida Batubara

Biopharmaca Research Center Department of Chemistry

Bogor Agriculture University

CITRAL FROM LEMONGRASS OIL

(Cymbopogon citratus Stapf)

AS SLIMMING AROMATHERAPY

IICC, 10-12 September 2013

Way of life

Risk of obesity

Type

of treatment

Type of drugs

(2 class)

Aromatic plants

Essential oil

of Lemongrass

Slimming aroma- therapy

INTRODUCTION

Aromatherapy Mechanism

Previous Research

Antibacterial, antifungal, anti-protozoa, analgesic, sedative anti-cholesterolemia

Anti-microba, anti-inflammation,

Diuretic, anticancer

CNS stimulating

Citral

Citral isolation

Sodium bisulphite

Lemongrass Oil

Fractionation Toluene: EA (8:1)

F2 F1

Component

Identification (GC-MS) In vivo test

30 adult males Sprague Dawley (180-200 g)

I

III

II IV

V

No

Inhalation

HFD HFD HFD HFD

No

Inhalation

Inhalation

Lemongrass oil Inhalation

citral

Inhalation

F2

Std

Feed consumption

(g)

Body weight

(g)/ week Fat deposit (g)

Citral Isolation

Yield

23.47%

Preparative thin layer chromatography

TLC citral: stationary phase: silica G60F254

mobile phase: Toluene: ethyl acetate(8:1) (λ: 254 nm)

F2 (near final point)

F1 (Near start point)

Yield F1

16.90%

Yield F2

72.52%

2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

(x10,000,000)TIC

1

2

34

Intensity Chromatogram

Lemongrass Oil

Retention time (Min)

2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

(x10,000,000)TIC

3

4

6

2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

(x10,000,000)TIC

3

4

5

7

Chromatogram

F2

Chromatogram

Citral

1. β-myrcene 2. Citronelal 3. β-citral 4. α-citral 5. Columelarin 6. Tujhopsene 7. Nerol acetate

tR (min) Component Lemongrass oil (%) Citral (%) F2 (%)

4.394 β-myrcene 12.29 - -

8.119 citronelal 1.23 - -

10.476 β-citral 19.31 33.44 25.59

11.279 α-citral 33.92 52.73 15.51

11.548 columelarin - - 21.37

12.482 Thujopsene - 5.2 -

14.030 nerol acetate - - 1.19

Unidentification

Component 33.25 8.63 36.64

Component value 11 5 11

GC-MS Result

53.23 86.17 41.1

α-citral

(Geranial)

β-citral

(Neral)

In vivo assay

Values within the same column followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)(Duncan's multiple range test)

Group Baseline

(g)

End treatment

(g)

Control 190.00±12.41a 252.50±26.49c

HFD 200.83±10.13a 225.50±15.47b

HFD+LG 209.67±24.92a 196.83±10.81a

HFD+Citral 195.00±13.17a 190.83±10.53a

HFD+F2 200.10±20.80a 191.50±19.87a

170

190

210

230

250

270

0 1 2 3 4 5

I

II

III

IV

V

Aver

age

body

wei

ght

(g)

weeks

-7

-5

-3

-1

1

3

5

I II III IV V

Group

Chan

ges

in b

ody

wei

ght

wee

k-5

(%

)

Weight Feed Consumption (g/head/3days)

Group Baseline End treatment

Control (-) 55.07±3.18a 56.94±4.35c

Control (+) HFD 56.90±2.23a 54.30±3.24c

HFD+

lemongrass oil 59.87±0.30a 44.77±3.57b

HFD+citral 58.33±2.84a 32.48±7.61a

HFD+F2 56.10±2.73a 36.32±6.27a

Values within the same column followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)(Duncan's multiple range test)

Values within the same column followed by different etters are significantly different (P < 0.05)(Duncan's multiple range test)

Group Fat deposits (g)

Control (-) 2.4433±1.0632a

Control (+) HFD 3.0834±1.1008a

HFD+ lemongrass oil 2.8198±0.5605a

HFD+citral 2.6508±0.8911a

HFD+F2 2.5805±0.1891a

The average weight and percentage of fat deposit

Conclusion

Inhalation of the lemongrass oil, citral, and fraction 2 for 5

weeks decreased body weight in adult male rats.

GC-MS result showed that the majority compound was β-

citral and α-citral in lemongrass oil, citral extract and

fraction 2

Conclusions

Rumus federer

(k-1) (n-1) ≥15

(5-1) (n-1) ≥ 15

4 (n-1) ≥ 15

4n – 4 ≥ 15

n ≥ 4.75

Citral Isolation

+

Citral

Sodium bisulphite Citral bisulfphite

(Crystalline product)

Proton transfer

Citral Sodium sulphite

Yield

23.47%

+

α-citral

(Geranial)

β-citral

(Neral) β-myrcene citronelal

Nerol acetate tujhopsene