circulation (bd)
TRANSCRIPT
CirculationVCE BIOLOGY – UNIT 1
The HeartThe biological pump
UNoxygenated blood enters the
atrium on the right side of the heart.
Unoxygenated blood comes in from the
top of the body through the
superior vena cava.
Unoxygenated blood comes in from the lower body though
the inferior vena cava.
While the unoxygenated blood is in the
right atrium, the tricuspid valve is closed to keep the blood from
flowing down to the ventricle.
The atrium
contracts and the tricuspid
valve opens,
forcing the blood
down into the
ventricle.
The tricuspid valve closes again so that blood cannot move back up
into the atrium.
The ventricle contracts. This
forces the unoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary
arteries.
The right pulmonary artery takes the
unoxygenated blood to the right lung.
The left pulmonary artery takes the
unoxygenated blood to the left lung.
THE PULMONARY ARTERIES ARE THE
ONLY ARTERIES THAT CARRY
UNOXYGENEATED BLOOD.
http://www.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/tp10237.asp
In the lungs, the carbon
dioxide in the blood diffuses
into the alveoli.
The oxygen in the lungs
diffuses into the blood.
This is called gas exchange.
Oxygenated blood from the lungs
enters the heart through the left
atrium.
The mitral valve is closed to keep the blood from going into the ventricle.
Oxygenated blood from the right lung returns to the heart
through the right pulmonary vein.
Oxygenated blood from the left lung
returns to the heart through the left pulmonary vein.
THE PULMONARY VEINS ARE THE ONLY VEINS THAT CARRY
OXYGENATED BLOOD.
The left atrium contracts. This
forces the oxygenated
blood through the mitral valve
into the right ventricle.
The mitral valve closes again. This keeps the
oxygenated blood from
moving back up into the
atrium.
Oxygenated blood is forced into the aorta
to be carried to the rest of the
body.
Oxygenated blood is carried to all
body cells where oxygen diffuses
into the cells and carbon dioxide
diffuses into the blood.
Blood carrying carbon dioxide
then returns to the heart.
And the cycle begins
again.
Blood Flow: Summary
Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels: Arteries, Veins, and CapillariesArteries and arterioles have a layer of smooth muscle tissue which allows them to contract (vasoconstrict) and expand (vasodilate), altering their diameter and thus blood flow.
Walls of arteries and arterioles have many elastic fibers enabling them to withstand high pressures.
Artery and Vein
Artery
VeinNote the much thinner walls in
veins.
Components of Blood
Haemoglobin
Chemical – protein
Binds to oxygen to carry oxygen around the body. When oxygen is bound to it, it is called oxyhaemoglobin.
Types of Circulatory System
Circulatory Systems
• Two types of circulatory system are found:Open Circulatory Systems Closed Circulatory Systems
For larger or more active animals, some form of more efficient circulatory system is necessary for internal transport.
Open Circulatory System
• Hemolymph leaves the heart in short, branched arteries that open up into large spaces called sinuses.
• Hemolymph percolates around organs, directly bathing the cells.
• Hemolymph then returns to the heart directly or through short veins.
Open Circulatory System• Advantage - Exchange of materials is direct
between the hemolymph and tissues. There is no diffusion barrier.
• Disadvantage - Little fine control over distribution of the hemolymph to body regions. No mechanism for reducing flow to a specific part of an organ.
Open Circulatory System
• Open circulatory systems tend to be found in more inactive animals.
• Most molluscs have an open system, but the highly active cephalopods (squid and octopus) have evolved a closed system.
• Insects have circumvented limitation of their open system by their tracheal system for oxygen supply.
Closed Circulatory System• The blood is contained
within a completely closed system of vessels.
• Vessels form a closed loop, usually with some sort of pumping organ like a heart or contractile vessels.
• Vessels branch into smaller and smaller tubes that penetrate among the cells of tissues.
Closed Circulatory System
• Fine-scale control over the distribution of blood to different body regions is possible.
• Muscular walls of vessels can constrict and dilate to vary the amount of flow through specific vessels.
• Blood pressures are fairly high and the circulation can be vigorous.
Advantages:
Human Circulatory SystemA Closed Circulatory System
lungs
head & arms
liver
digestive system
kidneys
legs
pulmonary artery
aorta
pulmonary vein
main vein
Left Right
How does this system work?
Circulatory System
Lungs
Body cells
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts parts.
the right side of
the system
deals with
deoxygenated
blood.
the left side of
the system
deals with
oxygenated
blood.