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CHURCHES RITES & COMMUNION. Catholicity: Unity in Diversity Ecumenism: Internal & External. What is “Church”?. “Church” = temple, the actual building “Church” = diocese (particular or local church): basic unit “Church” = the universal Church (the Catholic Church in whole world). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION
Page 2: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

CHURCHES RITES

&

COMMUNIONCatholicity:

Unity in DiversityEcumenism: Internal &

External

Page 3: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

What is “Church”?• “Church” = temple, the actual building• “Church” = diocese (particular or local church): basic unit

• “Church” = the universal Church • (the Catholic Church in whole world)

“Church” = (Ecclesia Suri Iuris) an Autonomous self-governing Catholic Church within the Catholic Communion

Page 4: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Communion, Church, Rite:• 1 Catholic “Communion” (Universal Catholic “Church”)

• 22 autonomous Catholic Churches – Ecclesia sui Iuris (self-governing Churches within the Cath. Communion)

-- eg: Roman Catholic Church = 1 of the 22 Autonomous Cath. Churches

--eg; Chaldean Catholic Church (Persia, China) = 1 of the 22 also

• 7 Rites used by the 22 Catholic Churches• Each of the 22 Autonomous Churches uses a Rite

• Each rite has it’s own: • 1. theology:• 2. spirituality: • 3. liturgical ceremonies: • 3. Church discipline (law, structure, administration, functioning,

etc.)

Page 5: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

“Rite” “Church”, common misconceptions• No Eastern Rite: 6 Rites used by Churches originating in East

• --each as different from 1 another as from the Latin Church (the R.C.C.)• No Eastern Church: 21 Eastern Churches:

– Between them, they use 6 Eastern Rites

• eg: UGCC = 1 Autonomous Church in the Catholic Communion– Self – governing (own head & governing structure: Synod, Metrop.– Autonomous but not Autocephalous (not independent)– We are part of / act together with the universal Catholic

Ch/Comm.– We are the UGCC and we use the Byzantine Rite

• Roman Catholic Church = also 1 Autonomous Catholic Church– Self – governing (own head & governing structure: Vatican,

Cardnl.– Autonomous but not Autocephalous (not independent)– 1 of the 22 within the the universal Catholic Ch/Comm.– The Universal Catholic Church: not just the RCC: only 1/22– The Catholic Communion = the 22 Autonomous Catholic Churches

Page 6: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

2 Groups: Eastern Churches:• Eastern Catholic Churches: 21 within the Catholic Communion• Ancient Apostolic Churches, • Apostolic Succession• Valid Sacraments• Orthodox Theologies as per their Church & Rite• “Orthodox in Communion with

Rome”

• Eastern Orthodox Churches• Ancient Apostolic Churches• Apostolic Succession• Valid Sacraments• Eastern Theologies as per their Church & Rite• but NOT in communion with the Catholic Churches

Page 7: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Rites used in the Catholic Communion• 1. Byzantine rite

• used by Churches evangelized from Byzantium: (13 Catholic Churches)

• 2. Syrian rite• used in Churches evangelized from Antioch: (3 Catholic

Churches)• 3. Chaldean rite

• used in Churches evangelized frpm Persia: 2 Catholic Churches+ China

• 4. Ethiopian rite• Churches from Ethiopia & Eritrea: (1 Catholic Church)

• 5. Coptic rite• Churches from Egypt: (1 Catholic Church)

• 6. Armenian rite• Churches from Armenia: (1 Catholic Church)

• 7. Latin rite: (presently, the predominant “Western rite”)• 1 Catholic Church• “Roman Catholic” Church (canonically, the “Latin Church”)

Page 8: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

e.g. Churches using the Byzantine rite• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (Ukraine, etc.)

• Romanian Greek Catholic Church (Romania, etc.)• Melkite Greek Catholic Church (Middle East, etc.)• Rusyn Greek Catholic Church (United States, etc.)• Russian Greek Catholic Church (Russia, etc.)• Greek Greek Catholic Church (Greece, etc.)• Bilo-Rusyn Greek Catholic Church (Bilo-Rus, etc.)• Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church (Bulgaria, etc.)• Italo-Albanian Greek Catholic Church (Italy, etc.)• Albanian Greek Catholic Church (Albania, etc.)• Slovak Greek Catholic Church (Slovakia, etc.)• Hungarian Greek Catholic Church (Hungary, etc.)• Krizevci Greek Catholic Church (former Yugoslavia, etc.)

Page 9: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Assyrian Church & Malabar Church

Page 10: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Antioch: Syrian, Malankara, Maronite

Page 11: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Egypt (Alexandria): the Coptic Church

Page 12: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Ethiopian Church: Ethiopian rite

Page 13: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Armenian Church: Armenian rite

Page 14: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Byzantine Churches

Page 15: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

The 3 levels of Church Structure• Bishop: head of his Diocese

• Patriarch: head of his Autonomous Catholic Church

• Pope: serves the unity of the Catholic Communion,– keeps the 22 Catholic Churches together & coordinates

them

• e.g.: • Pope: 3 jobs

– Bishop of Rome– Patriarch/head of the Roman Catholic Church

• (1 of 22 “patriarchs”) • Most of Pope’s work is as Patriarch of the Latin Church

– Pope of the entire Catholic “Communion” of 22 Churches

• (Patriarchs: 2 jobs, Bishop: 1)

Page 16: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Internal Ecumenism:within CatholicismDifferent Churches using diff. ritesbut all equally Catholic• Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vat.II)

• Variety, in no way harms, but rather manifests the unity• Each Church should preserve their rite whole & entire• Each Church should take steps to return to their ancestral

traditions

• Unitatis Redintegratio (Vat.II)• Lawful variety of theological expressions• Different understandings and confessions of God’s truth• Mutually complementary, not conflicting

• (the more different {legitimately}, the more Catholic)

Page 17: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Byzantine/Latin Differences• Church Discipline:

– Married priesthood // Celibacy– Democratic Synodal Administration // Latin Church

monarchialism

• Theology:– Filioque in Symbol of Faith– Marriage: Contract (Rom/Germ) // Mystery of Crowning in

God– Infant Communion– Confessional Absolution: May God absolve… // I absolve

• Liturgy (Mass v. Divine Services)– Epiclesis // Words of Institution– Information // Transfiguration, learning // contemplation

• Spirituality– Icons // Statues– Mt Tabour Transfiguration Light // Stigmata

Page 18: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

• Catholic Communion = 22 Churches• Shows it’s Catholicity

• Ecumenical Reunion with Orthodox• A Church priority: “realize it’s universality”

• Important because:• 1. Pope says• 2. should know the full reality of our Church (not just

5%)• 3. Christianity: not foreign, European, late import to

China• Eastern Christianity established in Tang Dynasty (600s)• Christianity at the heart of Chinese Culture: Jesus Sutras

Eastern Churches: What’s it to me?

Page 19: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION
Page 20: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Pope St. Pius X • Nec Plus• Nec Minus• Nec Aliter• Nothing More• Nothing Less• Nothing Different

Pope Benedict XVI• The current Successor of Peter • feels himself to be personally implicated in this question• and is disposed to do all in his power • to promote the fundamental cause of ecumenism

Page 21: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Churches using Rites1 universal Catholic Church/Communion: 22 autonomous Churches

• Assyrian Church (Iran, Iraq, etc.): uses: Chaldean rite • daughter--Malabar Church (India): uses: Chaldean rite

• Syrian Church (Syria, Turkey, etc.): uses: Syrian• daughters: --Malankar Church (India, etc.): uses: Syrian

--Maronite Church (Lebanon, etc.): uses: Maronite/Syrian

• Coptic Church (Egypt, etc.): uses: Coptic Rite (200,000)• Ethiopian Church (Eritrea, Ethiopia, etc.): uses: Ethiopian Rite (222,000)

• Armenian Church (Armenia, Israel, etc.): uses: Armenian Rite (400,000)

• Latin Church (Western Europe, etc.): uses: Latin Rite – (extinct Western rites/Churches): Ambrosian, Mozarabic, Celtic, Gallican etc.

Page 22: CHURCHES  RITES  & COMMUNION

Pope Benedict XVI

• Reunion with Eastern Orthodox, How?

• "Rome must not require more from the Orthodox Churches with respect to the doctrine of primacy than had been formulated and was lived in the first millennium.

• When the Patriarch Athenagoras…designated him as

• as the most esteemed among us, • as one also presides in charity, • the doctrine of primacy in the first millennium. • Rome need not ask for more. • Reunion could take place in this

context