chronology of ganddal - brief story on free-thinking, religion and democracy

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CHRONOLOGY OF GANDDAL BRIEF STORY ON RELIGION, FREE THINKING AND DEMOCRACY CHURCH TEMPLATE FROM ARCHITECT CHRISTIAN GROSCH THAT DESIGNED 80 CHURCHES IN NORWAY

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CHRONOLOGY OF GANDDAL

BRIEF STORY ON RELIGION, FREE THINKING AND DEMOCRACY

CHURCH TEMPLATE FROM ARCHITECT CHRISTIAN GROSCH THAT DESIGNED 80 CHURCHES IN NORWAY

The religion of Christianity develops into more personal and practical religious act. From orthodox to orthorpraxis. This was also connected to the Enlightenment era, that brought greater emphasis on liberal values.

This view of religious got a strong connection among believers on the Norwegian coast. The population on the coast traditionally had weak ties with the authorities in the cities - and when the Pietistic view of religion was introduced it was welcomed because of its anti-clerical and anti-dogmatic focus.

Historically, some researchers claim that Norway was not really Protes-tantic before the Pietistic turn. This focus on the everyday man created a different cultural paradigma than the religious practices on mainland Europe. The Pietistic Christianity also started reforms about public schools and care for the poor.

PIETISTIC CHRISTIANITY ORIGINS IN NORWAY 1700 AD

PHOTO OF MICHELANGELO “PIETA” IN ROME

The Lutheran State Church demanded in 1735 that everyone had to meet in the church on Sundays. In 1736 all young boys and girls had to be confirmated.

There was considerable opposition to the Lutheran State Church. As an answer to the radical religious movements that countered the Lutheran State Church - religious meetings outside church buildings was only allowed on Saturdays and Sundays if the local parish priest accepted it. This law came in 1741 AD (”Konvertikkelplakaten”).

Eventually - other religions, churches and religious meetings without priests was allowed in 1845.

ORDINANCE OF CONVENTIONS RESTRICTS RELIGIOUS MEETINGS

1741 AD

DANISH PRIEST AND BISHOP OF BERGEN ERIK PONTOPPIDAN SALUTED THE PIETISTIC CHRISTIANITY

While working in the fields as a 25 year old - Hans Nielsen Hauge expe-rienced a supernatural meeting, a ”Love of God” .

The young man from outside present city of Fredrikstad near Oslo soon travelled the country to give speeches. He soon gathered followers and opposed the authorities in general and Protestantism/Lutheran State Church especially.

“LOVE OF GOD” VISITS HANS NIELSEN HAUGE 1796 AD

SKETCH FROM ODDK.WORDPRESS.COM

HAUGE FOLLOWERS INITIATED RELIGIOUS VILLAGE MEETINGS

Between 1797-1804 he walked alone around to farms in large areas of Norway. He helped with farm work and preached about religious issues in the evening. This was illegal and he was arrested several times. He was imprisoned between 1804-1811 but the movement had started.

Hans Nielsen Hauge and his group of followers was called ”Readers” or ”Haugianere”. They was called ”Readers” because the read a lot in the Bible.

After his death in 1824 some politicians that was Hauge followers (or ”Readers”) upheaved the banning of religious meetings and religious freedom and grassroots free-thinking was allowed.

1800s AD

PAINTING, “HAUGE AND HAUGE FOLLOWERS” BY ADOLPH TIDEMAND

STARTING FREE-THINKING ALSO AT GANDDAL

Also at Ganddal there was Hauge ”Readers”. Most Hauge followers also had talents in making and inventing stuff - and often started many businesses. They basically took the free-thinking out into different venues.

The local Peder O. Krobar Løvaas was one-of-a-kind. Although seriously impaired by the polio disease, he restarted the furniture business and built most machines by hand alone. He was also trained as a watchmaker and knew several languages. He also employed convicts from the local prison and was in general a very tolerant man.

While at the factory - he facilitated religious meetings for his workers and helped start the China Mission at Ganddal, the prayer house Ebeneser, the prayer house Salem and the free-parish Betesda.

1880s AD

EXAMPLE OF NORWEGIAN PRAYER HOUSE, EVJE-HORNNES PRAYER HOUSE IN SOUTHERN NORWAY